Chirongwa chine makakatanwa chePentagon chiri kukurumidza kumhanyisa kutumirwa kweakawanda magiya echiuto kumapazi emapurisa anoti ari kugadzirira njodzi dzemamiriro ekunze. Migumisiro yacho inogona kuuraya.
Vemunharaunda pavakaziva kuti hofisi yeJohnson County, Iowa, sheriff yakanga yatora mota hombe, isingadzivirirwe neyangu, Sheriff Lonny Pulkrabek akavimbisa veruzhinji vasina chokwadi kuti vakuru vakuru vanozoishandisa panguva yezviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanya kuti vaponese vagari vemunyika zvinoshamisa. chando kana mafashama.
"Chaizvoizvo imotokari yekununura, yekudzoreredza uye yekutakura," Pulkrabek akati mu 2014.
Asi mumakore manomwe kubva ipapo, mota - inobva kuPentagon's yakawanda-yakasvibiswa 1033 Chirongwa kuti kuchengetedza mutemo wemuno nezvombo, giya nemotokari zvakasara kubva kuhondo dzekunze kwenyika - zvakashandiswa kune chero chinhu kunze kweizvozvo.
Mapurisa eguta reIowa, anogovana kushandisa mota nehofisi yesheriff, akaimisa pedyo negore rapfuura. kupikisa kwemarudzi, uko vakuru vakuru akapfura gasi remisodzi pavaratidziri murunyararo nekuramba kupararira. Uye muna Chivabvu, vagari vakatsamwira mapurisa akatyaira waimbove muchina wehondo kuburikidza nekwaigara vatema kupa mvumo yekusungwa.
Kutsamwa uku kwakakurudzira nhengo dzekanzuru yeIowa zhizha rino kuti vada kuti dunhu ridzose mota kuPentagon.
"Imotokari yakagadzirirwa mamiriro ehondo, uye mukuona kwangu, haisi yepano," nhengo yekanzuru yeguta Janice Weiner akaudza HuffPost.
Hofisi yeJohnson County Sheriff haisiriyo yega sangano rekuchengetedza mutemo kutaura zvinoshamisa mamiriro ekunze sechikonzero ichida hardware kubva kumauto. Gore rapfuura, Congress yakaita zvishoma-inocherechedzwa tweak kuChirongwa che1033 kupa pamberi pekufambisa mota dzakashongedzwa kumapurisa nemasheriffs 'madhipatimendi aiti anozvida nekuda kwenjodzi dzine chekuita nenjodzi, HuffPost yakadzidza - iine mashoma macheki ekuti mota dzakamira sei. pakupedzisira kushandiswa.
Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave nekuputika muhuwandu hwemapurisa nemasheriffs 'madhipatimendi achitaura madutu ane njodzi, madutu echando, uye kunyanya mafashama kuti varatidze chikonzero nei vachifanira kugamuchira mota ine zvombo.
HuffPost yakawanikwa chete mazana ezvikumbiro zvemotokari dzehondo kuti masangano emunharaunda akanyorera kuDhipatimendi reDziviriro muna 2017 uye 2018. Uye kusiyana nemakore mashomanana apfuura, apo anenge asina masangano ekuchengetedza mutemo yakataura nezvenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, paiva nemasangano anobva kunyika dzinenge dzose aikumbira kubatsirwa kugadzirira njodzi.
Imotokari yakagadzirirwa mamiriro ehondo, uye mukuona kwangu kwechokwadi, haisi yepano.Iowa City council nhengo Janice Weiner
Pane zvikonzero zvishoma zvekuchinja kwekutaura kwevemutemo. Munyika yose, kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuwedzera njodzi dzinoparadza uye dzinouraya. Iyo US haina kuisa mari mukugadzirira kukuru kwenjodzi, kumanikidza hurumende dzemuno nevemutemo kuti vagadzirire njodzi ― uye kuzvibhadharira - zvakanyanya vari vega.
Asi chikonzero chikuru chinogona kunge chiri chekuti Dhipatimendi reDziviriro rakatangawo kudzora mapurisa emuno nemasherifu kuti vaite basa rakakura kubva pabasa ravo mukupindura njodzi. Mukati memakore mashoma apfuura, pamafomu ayo mapurisa nemasherifu anofanirwa kuendesa kuti varatidze zvikumbiro zvavo zvemotokari dzine zvombo, Pentagon yakatanga kunyora njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga semuenzaniso kururamisa. (Chirongwa che1033 chakagadzirwa muna 1996.)
Masangano emuno akabata nechido pfungwa iyi. Mumagwaro akawanikwa naHuffPost, boka remapurisa nemasherifu 'madhipatimendi ari pedyo neGulf Coast, kubva kuFlorida kuenda kuGeorgia kuenda kuLouisiana, vakataura nezvemwaka wedutu remudunhu mumatunhu avo, ukuwo madhipatimendi emapurisa emuNew Jersey akarangarira kusakwanisa kwavo kuzere mushure meSuperstorm Sandy ya2012.
"Zviwanikwa zvedu zvakakurumidza kuremerwa uye kusakwanisa kupindura nemotokari dzakakwana dzekununura mvura kwakakanganisa zvakanyanya mabasa ekununura," mukuru wemapurisa weLacey Township, musha uri muPine Barrens muNew Jersey, akanyora muchikumbiro chekusimudzira. varwi vaHumvee muna 2018. (Akumbirwa kuti ataurewo, mutevedzeri wetaundishipi akati haayeuke chikumbiro ichi.)
Zvino, gore rapfuura, Congress yakaita shanduko kuPurogiramu ye1033 iyo yakawedzera kukurudzira kwekubatanidza njodzi dzemamiriro ekunze kune zvigadzirwa zvemauto. In its bhiri rekushandisa mari yekudzivirira pagore, Congress yakarayira Pentagon kuti ipe iyo inonyanya kukosha kune "zvikumbiro zvinokumbira motokari dzinoshandiswa kugadzirira njodzi dzine chokuita nenjodzi, dzakadai semotokari dzekununura mvura."
Nyanzvi dzekugadzirira njodzi dzakataura neHuffPost dzakapokana nepfungwa yekuzadza nyika nemotokari dzemauto dzakawanda pasi pegadziriro yekugadzirira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Vamwe vakacherekedza kuti mapurisa akasununguka kushandisa magiya echiuto kubva kuPentagon asi ivo vanoda sezvo pasina munhu ane mhosva yekuita shuwa kuti vezvemitemo vanongoishandisa chete kugadzirisa njodzi. Vamwe vakaratidza kuti mapurisa ane basa rekuchengetedza veruzhinji kana pakaitika dambudziko remamiriro ekunze - uye mota dzemauto hadziite zvakawanda kubatsira mapurisa kugadzirira basa iri.
"Ndinogona kukuvimbisai kuti hapana rimwe remadhipatimendi aya emapurisa ari kuisa mamiriro ekunze kana mamiriro ekunze akanyanya pasi ane zvirongwa zvekukurumidzira zvekuishandisa [nenzira iyoyo]," akadaro Leigh Anderson, muongorori weChicago State University uye muongorori anotarisira madhipatimendi emapurisa muIllinois neMissouri.
Kwemakore, kudzidziswa kwevamiriri vemutemo munyika yose kwakasimbisa maitiro anogumbura, akadai sekudzidzira kupambwa kweSWAT uye kudzidzira kupfura. Vakuru munzvimbo zhinji havana kugadzirira zvakanyanya kununura, Anderson akadaro, nehutungamiriri hwakanangana nekuunganidza michina yakakodzera.
"Kana zvasvika kune njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, mapurisa haana kugadzirira chero chinhu chinoitika kunze kwebazi remapurisa riri kuitika," akadaro.
Rimwe rebasa rakakosha renyika nderekuvandudza zvivakwa - kuvaka nharaunda dzisingafashukidze uye migwagwa isingaite mbichana - kuitira kuti nharaunda dzikwanise kumira nenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, akadaro Rune Storesund, director director we. Yunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley's Center yeCatastrophic Risk Management.
Nyika yakasiya basa rekupindura njodzi kumapazi asina kugadzirira emapurisa nemasherifu pachinzvimbo chekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekupindura, kushaikwa kwekugadzirira kunozonyanya kuuraya sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ichiwedzera mafashamo akanyanya, moto, chando, mafungu ekupisa nemadutu. Hurumende yemubatanidzwa inogona kutungamira mari yenguva dzose yekuvandudza zvivakwa uye kutarisa, kusimbisa kuronga kuchengetedza pane kungotumira marori ane zvombo.
"Ndiri kuomerwa nekufungidzira kuti mota dzemauto idzi dzinoenderana sei nezviitiko zvine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze," akadaro Storesund.
Hazvirevi kuti motokari dzehondo dzaizoshaya basa panguva dzenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga. Mapurisa ane basa rekuchengetedza veruzhinji kana mamiriro ekunze akashata. Vanowanzo kupomerwa mhosva yekumhanya kunobuda panotanga dutu remhepo kana moto, kudzosa vanhu vakasara, uye kuchengetedza kurongeka munzvimbo dzenjodzi. Mudambudziko rakadaro, kukwezva kwerori rakaitwa kuti rimire mabhomba padivi pemugwagwa kwakajeka. Mota dzakawanda dzinodzivirira kuputika, dzakadai sedzimotokari dzinodzivirira mugodhi dzinodzivirira, kana MRAPs, dzinogona kutyaira pamusoro pemiti yakadonha, kutsungirira mhepo ine simba, kuyambuka mamita akawanda emvura uye kuramba ichimhanya zviri pakati nepakati kana matayi adzo akaboorwa.
Asi mhedzisiro iri pachena yekupa mapurisa zvombo zvechiuto pasi pegadziriro yekugadzirira njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga ndezvekuti mapurisa akasununguka kuzvishandisa. zvakanyanya kuipa zvinangwa.
Magiya ehondo akawandisa ayo Pentagon anoendesa kumapurisa eko akonzera kukwira kwekushandiswa kweanoparadza SWAT matekiniki, sekuvhara gonhi uye kushandisa makemikari vamiririri, kuita basa rechipurisa rakajairwa sekupa waranti uye kutsvaga zvinodhaka.
Zvigaro zvechiuto zvave tambo pakuratidzira kwevanhu. Mune dhizaini yakaipa, masangano ekuchengetedza mutemo ane vaitoshandisa motokari dzechiuto kushungurudza vanhu vari kuratidzira kuparara kwemamiriro ekunze, sekurwiswa kwakaitwa vanhu muna 2016 muStanding Rock, North Dakota, pavaratidziri vepombi vekuAmerica.
Ndinogona kukuvimbisa kuti hapana rimwe remadhipatimendi aya emapurisa anoisa mamiriro ekunze kana mamiriro ekunze akanyanya pasi ane zvirongwa zvekukurumidzira zvekuishandisa [nenzira iyoyo].Leigh Anderson, muChicago State University muongorori uye muongorori anotarisira madhipatimendi emapurisa muIllinois neMissouri.
Mune zvikumbiro zvakawanikwa naHuffPost, masangano mazhinji akabvuma kuti vaizoshandisa mota dzemauto kununura njodzi uye mamwe mabasa anoparadza.
Northwoods, Missouri, iyo yakakumbira motokari yezvombo kuitira kumapurisa varatidziri veBlack Lives Matter muna 2017, seHuffPost Zvinonzi muna Nyamavhuvhu, yakataura muchikumbiro chayo kuti ichashandisawo mota kupindura mafashama, chamupupuri uye madutu echando. Dai mutemo wazvino wanga wavapo panguva iyoyo, Pentagon ingadai yakakurumidza kuteedzera hutongi seNorthwoods kuti igamuchire mota.
Kit Carson County, nzvimbo yakarohwa nedutu reColorado uko sheriff yakakumbira MRAP kuti inunure vatyairi kubva mumafashamo nechimvuramabwe, yakati yaizowanzoshandisa mota iyi kushandira njodzi dzekutsvaga zvinodhaka zvine chekuita nezvinodhaka. Mukuru wemapurisa weMalden, Missouri, boka diki remapurisa gumi nemana chete, akacherechedza kuti dunhu iri raive rimwe renzvimbo dzakaomeswa nemafashama enhoroondo yegore ra14. Akakumbira Humvee ane zvombo kuti atarise vagari vabatwa nedutu remangwana - uye kuita mhirizhonga yezvinodhaka.
Mubvunzurudzo neHuffPost, Brad Kunkel, iye zvino sheriff weJohnson County, Iowa, zvino anoti dunhu rakaona mashandisirwo mazhinji eMRAP kunze kwekununura njodzi, kunyangwe akati bazi rakashandisa kununura mafashama.
Kuita kuti mapurisa aite basa rekupindura njodzi zvinorevawo kuti mhinduro yenjodzi inogona kusungirirwa kumaitiro emapurisa akashata. Mazhinji mataundi eNew Jersey anokumbira mota dzine zvombo, kusanganisira idzo dzaisimbisa kuti dzaizoshandiswa semotokari dzinopindura njodzi, dzinofungidzirwa kubhadhara kuchengetedza kwemotokari mari kubva pakutorwa kweasset. Kunyangwe New Jersey nguva pfupi yadarika yakadzora tsika iyi, mutemo wenyika panguva iyoyo waibvumidza mapurisa kupa mari kumabasa nekutora mari nezvinhu zvakakosha kubva kuvanhu vaipomerwa asi vasina kubatwa nemhosva.
Munguva dzenjodzi dzakapfuura, mapurisa akaita vakakuvara uye akaurayiwa vanhu vavaifungira kuti vakapamba. Munyaya yakashata zvikuru, mapurisa eNew Orleans akadzinga AK-47s pavagari vaitiza kuparadzwa kweHurricane Katrina, ndokuedza kuvharidzira. Ongororo yakazopa mhosva chiitiko cherufu padhipatimendi tsika dzehuori dzakapararira.
Uye panguva iyo chikamu chikuru cheruzhinji chinotsamwiswa nekusarangwa kwemapurisa, njodzi dzemamiriro ekunze dzinopa tsananguro yakapusa yemauto emapurisa.
Mamwe masangano ezvemitemo ashandisa mamiriro ekunze akashata setsananguro yezvekupedzisira apo veruzhinji vanoshora zviri pachena kushandiswa nemapurisa kwemotokari dzechiuto. Kudonha kwekupedzisira, mapurisa muNew London, Connecticut, akawana mine-resistant Cougar kuburikidza ne1033 Chirongwa che. nhapwa zviitiko uye inoshanda yekupfura zvibooreso. Mushure mekunge vagari veko nekanzuru yeguta varamba kuchengeta motokari, mapurisa vakaronga nharo dzavo dzekupedzisira zvakatenderedza kudiwa kwemotokari yekununura panguva yemadutu uye madutu.
Kuna Weiner, nhengo yekanzuru yeIowa City, mota iri mudunhu rake inopa chiyeuchidzo chakasviba chenguva yake yekushanda pamuzinda weUS muTurkey muma1990 panguva yekunetsana kwenyika nevapanduki veKurd.
“Ndaona motokari dzakawanda dzine zvombo mumigwagwa,” akadaro. "Inzvimbo yekutyisidzira uye kwete mamiriro andinoda muguta rangu."
