Pinkerism uye Militarism Pinda Mukamuri

NaDavid Swanson, February 6, 2020

Bhuku raCharles KennyVhara Pentagon, ine tsigiro kubva kuna Steven Pinker kunyangwe achida kuvhara chinhu icho Pinker chisingawanzobvuma chiripo.

Iri ibhuku kupindura mubvunzo: Ko kana mumwe munhu akatenda kuti hondo yaingoitirwa chete nevarombo, nerima, vanhu vari kure, uye nekudaro zvakange zvoda kupera kubva pasi, vaizosangana neUS remauto neUS mauto bhajeti?

Mhinduro yacho ndizvo chaizvo chiri kufambisa mari kubva kuhondo kuenda kune zvinodiwa nevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza - uye ndiani asingadaro chido kuti aite kuti?

Uye kana vanhu vanofunga kuti hondo yatoenda uye yanyangarika pachayo haigone kukurudzirwa kubatsira kupedzisa kugadzirwa kwehondo nezvavari kufunga kuti mutambi uye zvakataurwa naDr. King zvakanzwika iyeye mukuru wezvekuita zvechisimba pasi pano, zvakanyanya nani !

Asi zano rekuita kuti zviitike zvinoda kuve nekudyidzana kwakanyanya nenyika chairo pane bhuku rine mazwi akadai: “Kana US ichida kudzora huwandu hwehondo dzevagari uye nemhedzisiro yavo inokonzeresa. . . . ”

Mune dzidziso yePinkerist hondo dzinobuda mukudzokera kumashure kwevarombo vekunze nyika dzinotanga hondo dzenyika idzo dzinoshamisa kusimuka dzichirwisa nyika dzekupfuma dzakasarudzika uko zvine zvombo zvombo zvinobva kupi asi zvisina kubatanidzwa muhondo dzevagari. munzira ipi neipi zvachose.

Nekudaro, basa redu, sevanopedza hondo, ndere kutsanangurira bato riripamutemo rakanzi United States kuti nzira yakanakisa kwazvo yekuita basa reruzhinji pane iro raanoda kudzikamisa huwandu hwehondo dzevagari vemo haisi kuburikidza nehondo. .

Iri bhuku raKenny rinenge riri revatiso raNorman Angell's Kuratidzira Kukuru, vachinongedzera kwatiri kuti Hondo haina musoro uye ine huturu uye inopesana - sekunge yaimbove nengwaru, uye sekunge ichakura uchinyara pamusoro pekusafunga uye nekudaro kurega kuitika.

Heano mamwe mutsara wakabviswa mubhuku (ini handidi kukurova neinopfuura mutsara wezvinhu izvi panguva): "Kunyange isina kurwirwa zviwanikwa, Hondo yeIraq - imwe yevashoma-nyika hondo dzazvino nguva. . . . ”

Kubva Hondo Yenyika II, mukati menguva yakajeka yerunyararo, mauto eUnited States anayo akauraya kana kubatsira kuuraya vanhu vanosvika mamirioni makumi maviri, akakunda hurumende dzinosvika makumi maviri nesere, akapindira musarudzo dzinosvika makumi masere neshanu, akaedza kuuraya vatungamiriri vekunze, makumi mashanu, uye akakanda mabhomba kuvanhu munyika dzinopfuura makumi matatu. United States ndiyo inouraya vanhu vanosvika mamirioni mashanu muVietnam, Laos, neCambodia, uye vanopfuura mamirioni 20 kubva 36 muna84 Iraki. Kubva 2001, United States yanga ichiparadza nharaunda dzepasirese, ichibhomba Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Libya, Somalia, Yemen, neSyria, tisingatauri nezvePhilippines nezvimwe zvinangwa zvakapatsana (nyika dzepakati pehondo) . United States ine "mauto akasarudzika" anoshanda muzvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvenyika uye vasina masimba akakosha muzvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana.

United States yakachinja kubva kuvahutungamiriri avo akanyepedzera kuti mafuta akange asina chekuita nazvo kune uyo anoti mauto eUS arikuuraya muSyria zvinyowani kuba mafuta. Kuti chokwadi chekuti izvi zvinopenga ngazviite kuti zvive zvisiri zvechokwadi hazvibatirire chero munhu ati ambosangana nehurumende yeUS. Fungidzira uchizivisa kuti United States yatove neyese-inobhadhara murwere wehutano nekuti kusaive nayo kunoguma nekushandisa zvakapetwa kaviri uye kuwana hutano hwakanyanya Fungidzira uchizivisa kuti Green New Deal inongovapo uye haifanire kunetsekana nekuti inonyanya kuzvibhadhara. Hondo hadzimbori pamusoro pemafuta, asi zvimwe zvikonzero zvakaenzana loism: kudyara mureza uye chigadziko mune imwe ndima, kugadzira nzira yekutanga yehondo inotevera, kubudirira vatengesi vezvombo uye sarudzo dzesarudzo, kuhwina mavhoti kubva kune sadists.

Kune vaPinkerite, kutyisidzira kukuru kune rugare munguva yechino "Russia inopinda muCrimea" - kuburikidza, iwe unoziva, kuvhota kwechisimba kwevaChitsotsi - uko hakufanirwe kuzodzokororwa, kwete nekuti vhoti ichaenda nenzira imwe neimwe nguva, asi nekuda kwenjodzi dzose (3, pamwe nemapepa mana anotemwa ega).

Icho chikonzero icho chine basa nemafungiro atinoita nezvehondo, kunyangwe riinhi tinobvuma pamusoro pekuwedzeredza kudzosera mukuru-mugadziri wehondo pasi, ndeiya hondo hazvina kusikwa na urombo kana kushomeka kwezvekushandisa. Hondo dzinotsamira zvakanyanya pakugamuchirwa kwetsika uye sarudzo dzehondo. Hondo dzinogadzirwa nevanhu vanosarudza hondo. Kudonha kwemamiriro ekunze hakuunzi hondo. Kudonha kwemamiriro ekunze mutsika dzinofunga kuti unogadzirisa matambudziko nehondo kunounza hondo. Kenny anobvuma mupfungwa yekutenda hondo kuve chishandiso chisina kunaka chematambudziko chaiwo anotarisana nepasi. Asi iye anofungidzira kuti urombo hunogadzira hondo pakati pevamwe makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu muzana (ivo vanhu vari kunze kweUnited States). Izvi zvinotibisira kure nekudikanwa kwekufambisa tsika yedu kure mukubvuma kurwa. Verenga chirevo chinoshamisa ichi:

"[T] anoshandisa simba rakakura, rakavandudza tekinoroji seAmerican kurwa nehondo yevagari munyika dzehurombo kana kutyisidzira kwavanogona kukurudzira kwakaderera: vanopfuura hafu yerufu rwese rwekuuraya pasi rose muna 2016 vaive muIraq neAfghanistan - nyika mbiri dzakange dzichitungamirwa kusvika kuUS US kwanonoka kuuya. "

Izvo zvinoita sekunge mauto akagadzira gehena munzvimbo idzi ingori chishandiso chisina kunaka chekuunza paradhiso. Isu tinoda chishandiso chiri nani chekubatsira varombo mbeveve Iraq kuti varege kuzviuraya, pane kuda kumira kurwisa nekuparadza nyika. Kuchengeta mauto muIraq neIraq vachimanikidza kuti vabude haisi yekuzvitonga, kuponda, uye tsotsi; ingori chete nzira isiriyo yekushandisa kushandisa kujekesa vanhu avo.

Hondo yeUnited States muIraq yakaguma, muna Pinker maonero, apo Mutungamiri George W. Bush akazivisa "basa rakapedzerwa," kubva panguva iyo yave hondo yehurumende, uye naizvozvo zvikonzero zvehondo iyoyo yehurumende zvinogona kuongororwa maererano nekukanganisa kwe Irak society. "Ndakatambudzika kwazvo," Pinker inonyunyuta, "kuisa rusununguko rwehurumende kune dzimwe nyika dziri munyika dzichiri kusimukira dzisina kutenda mashura, varwi vehondo, uye madzinza." Zvechokwadi zvinogona kuva, asi chii chiripo uchapupu hwokuti Hurumende yeUnited States yave ichiedza? Kana kuti uchapupu hwokuti United States ine rusununguko rwakadaro pachedu? Kana kuti United States ine kodzero yekuisa zvido zvayo pane imwe nyika?

Mushure memafashama emhando yepamusoro akaverenga nzira yedu yekuenda kurunyararo, takatarisa tarisa ndokuona hondo ichiuraya 5% yevagari vemuIraq mumakore anotevera munaKurume 2003, kana pamwe 9% kuverenga makore apfuura nehondo nezvirango, kana kanenge gumi muzana pakati pa10 na1990 naXNUMX. nhasi. Uye dzinotyisa dzehondo dzinotsigirwa neUnited States maererano nenhamba dzese munzvimbo dzakaita seCongo. Uye ihondo yakaitwa yakajairika. Vanhu vazhinji havagone kuvatumidza mazita vese, zvakanyanyisa kukuudza chikonzero nei vachifanira kuenderera mberi. Asi isu tine mapurofesa anotiudza mazuva ese kuti idzi hondo hadzivapo.

Nerombo mari inokosheswa kunyange mudzidzo, uye bhajeti rehondo harisi kungosiirwa nguva dzose. Kubva muna 2019, gore rino Pentagon base bhajeti, pamwe nehondo bhajeti, pamwe nezvombo zvenyukireya muDhipatimendi reNgezi, pamwe nemari yemauto neDhipatimendi reNyika Kuchengetedzeka, uye kufarira kushomeka kwemauto muchiuto, uye kumwe kushandisa kwemauto kwakawedzera. $ 1.25 tiririyoni. Nekudaro, ini chokwadi ndinofungidzira zvakare kurangana nekushandiswa kwaKenny kwebhajeti rebazi rimwechete sekumira pakushandisa mari yemauto. Izvi zvine basa nekuti ari kuda kudzikisira mari yemauto eUS kusapfuurisa zana nemakumi mashanu muzana inotevera yakanyanya mari pasi. Izvi zvaizove zvinoshamisa (uye zvinobatsira) shanduko kupfuura zvaangafunga.