Peter Kuznick pane Kukosha kweChibvumirano pane Kurambidzwa kweNyukireya Zvombo

By World BEYOND War, October 27, 2020

Peter Kuznick akapindura mibvunzo inotevera kubva kuna Mohamed Elmaazi weSputnik Radio ndokubvuma kurega World BEYOND War shambadza chinyorwa.

1) Ndezvipi zvakakosha zveHonduras kuva nyika yazvino kujoina Chibvumirano cheUN pane Kurambidzwa kweNyukireya Zvombo?

Iko kukura kunoshamisa uye kusinganzwisisike, kunyanya mushure mekunge US yanga ichimanikidza vasayina 49 vekare kuti vabvise mvumo yavo. Zvakakodzera kwazvo zvekuti Honduras, yekutanga "banana republic," yakachisundira pamusoro - chihure chinonaka kusvika kuzana rekushungurudzwa neUS.

2) Icho chingangove chiri chekukanganisa kutarisa kune dzimwe nyika dzisina kugona kwenyukireya?

Kwete saizvozvo. Chibvumirano ichi chinomiririra izwi rehunhu hwevanhu. Inogona kunge isingaite yekumanikidza kwepasirese, asi inotaura zvakajeka kuti vanhu venyika ino vanosema vane simba-vane nzara, kuparadza-kutyisidzira kupenga kwemasimba mapfumbamwe enyukireya. Iko kukosha kwekufananidzira hakugone kuwedzererwa.

3) Patova neChipangano cheNyukireya Isiri-Proliferation iyo yakatanga kushanda mu1970 uye yanga iri nyika dzese pasi pano bato. Iyo NPT iri kurarama zvinoenderana here?

Iyo NPT yakave yakararama kusvika kune inoshamisira padanho neasina-nyukireya masimba. Zvinoshamisa kuti nyika zhinji hadzina kuenda kunzira yenyukireya. Nyika ine rombo rakanaka kuti vazhinji havana kuita kusvetuka panguva iyo, sekureva kwaEl Baradei, nyika dzinosvika makumi mana dzine hunyanzvi hwekuita izvi. Ivo vane mhosva yekutyora iwo masayina mashanu ekutanga- iyo US, Russia, China, Britain, neFrance. Ivo vakaregeredza zvachose Chinyorwa 40, icho chinoda kuti nyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya dzideredze uye kubvisa zvombo zvacho. Huwandu hwakazara hwezvombo zvenyukireya hunogona kunge hwakatemwa kubva paanopenga makumi manomwe ezviuru kusvika pamupengo zvishoma zvishoma mazana mashanu nemazana mashanu, asi izvo zvichiri kukwana kupedza hupenyu papasi kakawanda.

4) Kana zvisiri, ndezvipi zvakanaka zvichave chimwe chibvumirano, senge iyo Honduras ichangobatanidzwa, kuve munzvimbo yakadai?

Iyo NPT haina kutora kutora, kusimudzira, kutakura, uye kutyisidzira kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya zvisiri pamutemo. Chibvumirano chitsva chinoita uye zvakajeka kudaro. Uku ndiko kukura kukuru kwekufananidzira. Kunyange hazvo isingaise vatungamiriri vezvombo zvenyukireya mukutongwa neInternational Criminal Court, ichavamanikidza kuti vateerere mafungiro epasi rose sezvakaitika nezvombo zvemakemikari, zvimbambaira nezvimwe zvibvumirano. Dai iyo US yakanga isina hanya nemhedzisiro yedzvinyiriro iyi, nei yakaedza zvakadaro kudzivirira chibvumirano? Sezvo Eisenhower naDulles vese vakataura mukati ma1950s, yaive taboo yepasirese yakavabvisa kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya kakawanda. Dzvinyiriro yepasi rose yetsika inogona kumanikidza vatambi vakaipa uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kuvamanikidza kuti vave vatambi vakanaka.

Mu2002 manejimendi eUS aGeorge W Bush Jr akabuda muchibvumirano cheABM. Mutungamiri weTrump akabuda muchibvumirano cheINF mu2019 uye pane mibvunzo yekuti chibvumirano chitsva CHEKUTANGA chichavandudzwa chisati chapera muna 2021. Zvese zvibvumirano zveABM neINF zvakasainwa pakati peUS neSoviet Union kudzikisa njodzi hondo yenyukireya.

5) Tsanangura mhedzisiro yekubviswa kweUS kubva kuzvibvumirano zvakakosha zvenyukireya senge iyo ABM chibvumirano cheINF.

Mhedzisiro yekubviswa kweUS kubva muABM Chibvumirano yaive yakakura. Kune rimwe divi, zvakabvumidza iyo US kuti ienderere mberi nekumisikidza ayo achiri asina kuvharwa uye anodhura masisitimu ekudzivirira. Kune rimwe divi, zvakakonzera maRussia kuti atange kutsvagisa nekusimudzira kwavo kwekupikisa. Nekuda kwekuyedza uku, musi waKurume 1, 2018, mumutauriro wake weState of the Nation, Vladimir Putin akazivisa kuti maRussia vanga vagadzira zvombo nyukireya zvishanu, zvese izvi zvinogona kudzora masystem ekudzivirira eUS. Nekudaro, kubviswa kweChibvumirano cheABM kwakapa iyo US pfungwa yenhema yekuchengetedzeka uye nekuisa Russia munzvimbo inotambura, zvakamutsa hunyanzvi hweRussia hwakaisa iyo US munzvimbo isina kusimba. Pakazara, izvi zvakangoita kuti nyika ive nenjodzi. Kubviswa kwechibvumirano cheINF kwakaunza zvakafanana kuunza makomba ane njodzi anogona kugadzikisa hukama. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika kana vafungidziri, vanotsvaga mukana vanogadzira gwara kwete vatungamiriri vehurumende.

6) Nei iwe uchifunga kuti US yanga ichienda kure nezvibvumirano zvekudzora zvombo zvenyukireya izvo zvakatanga kusaina neSoviet Union? Vanga vasiri kushandira chinangwa chavo?

Vagadziri vemitemo veTrump havadi kuona iyo US ichimanikidzwa nezvibvumirano zvepasi rese. Vanotenda kuti US inogona uye ichakunda nhangemutange yemaoko. Trump ataura kudaro kakawanda. Muna 2016, akataura, “Ngauve mujaho wemaoko. Tichavapfuura nepashure pese uye tichidarika ivo vese. ” Muna Chivabvu apfuura, mukuru wezvekurwira zvombo kwaTrump, Marshall Billingslea, akataura saizvozvowo, "Tinogona kupedza Russia neChina mukukanganwa kuti tihwine mujaho mutsva wemaoko enyukireya." Ivo vaviri vanopenga uye vanofanirwa kutorwa nevarume vakapfeka jasi jena. Muna 1986, panguva yemakwikwi emaoko apfuura Gorbachev, nerubatsiro rwunononoka kubva kuna Reagan, akaisa injodzi pasi rose, masimba enyukireya aive aunganidza zvombo zvenyukireya zvinosvika zviuru makumi manomwe, zvakaenzana nemabhomba eHiroshima anosvika miriyoni imwe. Isu tinonyatsoda kudzokera kune izvo? Sting akaimba rwiyo rune simba muma70,000 aine mazwi, "Ndinovimba maRussia anodawo vana vavo." Isu takaita rombo rakanaka kuti vakaita. Handifunge kuti Trump anokwanisa kuda chero munhu asiri iye uye ane tambo yakatwasuka kubhatani renyukireya pasina akamira munzira yake.

7) Chii chinonzi Nyowani Chibvumirano uye inoenderana sei mune zvese izvi?

Chibvumirano chitsva cheKUTANGA chinoganhura huwandu hwezvombo zvenyukireya zvine hungwaru kusvika chiuru nemazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu uye zvinotadzisa huwandu hwekutanga mota. Nekuda kwehunyanzvi, huwandu hwezvombo hwakanyanya kukwirira. Izvo zvese zvasara zvesimba renyukireya kudzora zvivakwa izvo zvakatora makumi emakore kumisikidza. Izvo zvese zvinomira munzira yekusagadzikana kwenyukireya uye nhangemutange yemaoko nyowani yandaingotaura nezvayo. Yakagadzirirwa kupera muna Kukadzi 1,550. Kubvira pazuva rekutanga raTrump muhofisi, Putin anga achiedza kuti Trump iwedzere zvisina mvumo kwemakore mashanu sekubvumidzwa kwechibvumirano. Trump akashatisa chibvumirano uye akasimbisa mamiriro asingagone ekumutsiridza. Zvino, achishuva kukunda kwemutemo wezvekunze manheru ekutanga kwesarudzo, akaedza kutaurirana kuti awedzere. Asi Putin anoramba kutambira mazwi ari kutaurwa naTrump naBillingslea, zvichiita kuti mumwe anetseke kuti Putin akasimba sei mukona yaTrump.

8) Ndekupi kwaungade kuti uone vagadziri vemitemo vachienda kubva pano, kunyanya pakati pemasimba makuru enyukireya?

Kutanga, ivo vanofanirwa kuwedzera Chibvumirano CHITSVA CHEKUTANGA kwemakore mashanu, sezvakavimbiswa naBiden kuti achazviita. Chechipiri, ivo vanofanirwa kudzoreredza iyo JCPOA (Iran chibvumirano chenyukireya) uye INF Chibvumirano. Chechitatu, ivo vanofanirwa kutora zvese zvombo kubva kune bvudzi-rinokatyamadza. Chechina, vanofanirwa kubvisa ese maICBM, anova ari chikamu chinonyanya kutambura chearsenal uye inoda kuvhurwa nekukasira kana chombo chinouya chikaonekwa sezvakaitika kakawanda kuti chingoonekwa kunge aramu enhema. Chechishanu, vanofanirwa kuchinja kuraira uye kutonga kuitira kuti vamwe vatungamiriri vane basa vasaine kunze kwemutungamiriri wenyika chete zvombo zvenyukireya zvisati zvamboshandiswa. Chechitanhatu, ivo vanofanirwa kudzikisa zvombo pasi pechikumbaridzo chechando chenyukireya. Chechinomwe, vanofanirwa kujoina iyo TPNW uye kubvisa zvachose zvombo zvenyukireya. Chechisere, vanofanirwa kutora mari yavari kutambisa pazvombo zvekuparadza vozviisa munzvimbo dzinosimudzira vanhu nekuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu. Ini ndinogona kuvapa iwo akawanda mazano ezvekutangira kana vachida kuteerera.

Peter Kuznick ndiye Purofesa weNhoroondo paAmerican University, uye munyori we Beyond the Laboratory: Scientists As Political Activists mu1930s America, co-munyori naA Akira Kimura we  Kurongodza Atomic Mabhomba aHiroshima uye Nagasaki: Japanese uye America Maonero, co-author na Yuki Tanaka we Simba reNyukireya uye Hiroshima: Ichokwadi Pamusoro Pekushandisa Runyararo Shandisa Nyukliya Simba, uye co-editor naJames Gilbert Rethinking Cold War Culture. Muna 1995, akatanga nheyo dzeAmerican University Nuclear Studies Institute, iyo yaanotungamirira. Muna 2003, Kuznick akaronga boka revanodzidza, vanyori, vanyori, vafundisi, uye vatsigiri kuti varatidze Smithsonian's celebration kuratidzwa kweEnola Gay. Iye uye firimu anoita Oliver Stone vanyora chikamu che 12 chikamu chetime Show documentary mafirimu ezvinyorwa uye bhuku rose rakanzi The Untold History of the United States.