Rugare Zvidzidzo

NaDavid Swanson

Ini ndangoverenga chingave chiri chakanakisa sumo yezvidzidzo zverunyararo zvandati ndamboona. Inodaidzwa Rugare Zvidzidzo, uye ibhuku idzva naTimothy Braatz. Haikurumidze kana kunonoka, kana kujeka kana kufinha. Icho hachidzinge muverengi kure nekushingairira kune kufungisisa uye "runyararo rwemukati," asi chinotanga pamwe nekuchengetedza kutarisisa pakuratidzira uye nenzira inoshanda yeshanduko yeshanduko munyika pachiyero chinodiwa. Sezvo iwe ungave uri kuunganidza, ndakaverenga mamwe mabhuku akafanana ayo andaive nezvikuru kunyunyuta.

Pasina kupokana kune mamwe akawanda, akafanana mabhuku andisina kuverenga, uye hapana mubvunzo mazhinji acho anofukidza pfungwa dzekutanga dzechisimba, chimiro, uye tsika mhirizhonga uye kusagadzikana. Pasina kupokana vazhinji vavo vanoongorora nhoroondo yezana ramakore rechi20 yekupidigura zvisina masimba masimba kwevadzvanyiriri. Pasina mubvunzo sangano reUnited States rekodzero dzevanhu dingindira rakajairika, kunyanya pakati pevanyori veUS. Bhuku raBraatz rinofukidza iyi uye imwe nzvimbo inozivikanwa zvakanyanya ini handina kumbobvira ndaedzwa kuti ndiise pasi. Anopa dzimwe dzakanakisa mhinduro dzinowanikwa kumibvunzo yakajairwa kubva kune yakakurisa tsika-yakavakirwa mutsika, zvakare: "Ungapfura here munhu akapenga pfuti kuponesa gogo vako?" “Ko Hitler?”

Braatz inosvitsa pfungwa dzekutanga nekujeka kwekristaro, uye wozoenderera mberi nekuvhenekera nehurukuro yehondo yeLittle Bighorn kubva murunyararo maonero. Iri bhuku rakakodzera kuwana kune izvi chete, kana nhaurirano yakafanana inonzwisisika yekushandisa kwaJohn Brown kwemaitiro asiri echisimba pamwe nekushandisa kwake mhirizhonga. Brown akatanga chirongwa chinovaka, mubatanidzwa wemarudzi akasiyana-siyana asiri ehurume. Brown akange agumisa kuti kufa kwevarungu chete ndiko kwaigona kumutsa maNortherner kune huipi hwehuranda, asati atadza kutiza Harper's Ferry. Verenga Braatz paBrown's Quaker midzi usati wafunga kuti unonzwisisa kuoma kwake.

Pfupiso yeBraatz pane "Asi zvakadii naHitler?" mubvunzo unogona kuenda chakadai. Hitler paakatanga kurohwa nehana maGerman akarwara nepfungwa, mazwi mashoma akatanhamara akasimudzwa mukupikisa akatungamira kumiswa kwechirongwa icho, chinozivikanwa seT4. Apo vazhinji vevaGerman vakagumburwa nekurwiswa kweCrystal Night kumaJuda, iwo matekiniki akasiiwa. Vakadzi vasiri vechiJuda vevarume vechiJuda pavakatanga kuratidzira muBerlin vachida kuti vasunungurwe, uye vamwe vakabatana mukuratidzira, varume avo nevana vavo vakasunungurwa. Chii chingave chihombe, chakarongwa zvirinani chisina mhirizhonga kuramba mushandirapamwe? Izvo hazvina kumboedzwa, asi hazvina kuoma kufungidzira. Kuramwa kwakajairika kwainge kwadzora kubvuta masimba kuGerman muna 1920. Kusagadzikana kweGerman kwakapedza kutora chiFrench munzvimbo yeRuhr muma1920, uye kusaita zvechisimba kwaizobvisa mudzvanyiriri ane utsinye pasimba muEast Germany muna 1989. Pamusoro pezvo, kusaita zvechisimba kwakaratidza zvine mwero. kubudirira kurwisa maNazi kuDenmark neNorway nekuronga kushoma, kubatana, zano, kana kuranga. MuFinland, Denmark, Italy, uye kunyanya Bulgaria, uye kune zvishoma kusvika kumwewo, vasiri maJuda vakabudirira kuramba mirairo yeGerman yekuuraya maJuda. Uye zvakadiniko dai maJuda kuGerman akanzwisisa njodzi uye nekupokana zvisina mhirizhonga, mashiripiti akashandisa mashandisirwo akagadzirwa nekunzwisiswa mumakumi emakore akatevera, uye maNazi aive atanga kuvauraya mumigwagwa yeruzhinji kwete mumisasa iri kure? Mamiriyoni angadai akaponeswa nemhinduro yeruzhinji here? Hatigone kuziva nekuti haina kuyedzwa.

Ini ndinogona kuwedzera, kubva pakuwedzera maonero: Mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mePearl Harbor, muhotera reUnited Union Methodist Church muManhattan, secretary secretary of the War Resisters League Abraham Kaufman akataura kuti United States yaifanira kutaurirana naHitler. Kune avo vaiti haukwanisi kutaurirana naHitler, akatsanangura kuti maAllies anga achitotaurirana naHitler pamusoro pevasungwa vehondo nekutumirwa kwechikafu kuGreece. Kwemakore anouya, varwiri verunyararo vaizopokana kuti kutaurirana runyararo pasina kurasikirwa kana kukunda kwaizoramba kuchiponesa maJuda nekuponesa nyika kubva kuhondo dzaizotevera ino. Chikumbiro chavo hachina kuyedzwa, mamirioni akafa mumisasa yeNazi, uye hondo dzakatevera iyoyo hadzina kupera.

Asi kutenda mune kusagadzikana kwehondo kunogona kuguma. Mumwe anogona kunzwisisa nyore nyore, sezvakanyorwa naBraatz, maitiro akachenjera muZ1920 uye 1930s angadai akadzivisa Hondo Yenyika II.

Nhoroondo yaBraatz yepashure-Hondo Yenyika II yekusaita mhirizhonga yakaitwa zvakanaka, kusanganisira ongororo yake yekuti kupera kweCold War kwakabvumidza budiriro muPhilippines nePoland kukonzeresa maitiro aive abudirira kare. Ini ndinofunga kuti hurukuro yaGene Sharp uye shanduko dzemavara dzaigona kunge dzakabatsirwa kubva mukufungisisa kwakakomba kwebasa rakaitwa nehurumende yeUS - chimwe chinhu chakaitwa mushe. Ukraine: Zbig's Grand Chessboard uye Maitiro Ekumadokero Akaongororwa. Asi mushure mokutanga kutaura maitiro akawanda akabudirira, Braatz anozopedzisira apoteredza kuti ave akakodzera iyo iyo mazita. Kutaura zvazviri, iye anonyanya kutsoropodza kubudirira kwekusagadzikana kusina kukwana sekugadzirisa kugadzirisa zvivakidzani uye zvekuita zvechisimba, zvichiita kungofanana nekuchinja kwevatungamiri vanoparadza.

Iye ari kushoropodza zvikuru kufamba kwekodzero dzevanhu vemuUS, kwete nepfungwa dzekuzvitutumadza dzevacheche dzekutarisa pasi kune vese vatori vechikamu, asi sevatsigiri vehunyanzvi hwemikana yakarasika uye zvidzidzo zvichienda kumberi. Mikana yakarasika, anofunga, inosanganisira Kurume paWashington uye nenguva dzinoverengeka dzakasiyana mumushandirapamwe weSelma, kusanganisira nguva iyo Mambo paakachinjisa kutenderera kuzambuko.

Iri bhuku raizoita inotyisa nhevedzano yehurukuro mune kosi nezve mikana yerunyararo. Senzira yakadaro, zvakadaro, ini ndinofunga haina - sekungangoita hwaro hwese hwedzidzo hwekudzidza runyararo husina - kuongororwa kwakanyanya kwedambudziko rezana ramakumi maviri nezana ramazana ehondo dzeUS uye mhirizhonga yepasirese - uko iyi isati yamboitika muchina wehondo, chii chinotyaira , uye kuti ungazvigadzirise sei. Braatz inopa, zvakadaro, inopa pfungwa yekuti vazhinji vedu vaive panguva iyoyo uye vamwe (saKathy Kelly) vakaita pane: Ko kana zvichitungamira kusvika 2003 yekupinda muIraq hondo huru yerunyararo kusanganisira vane mukurumbira manhamba kubva kuMadokero uye kutenderera pasirese yakanga yaita nzira yekuBaghdad senhovo dzevanhu?

Tinogona kushandisa izvozvi muAfghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia, Ukraine, Iran, uye zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveAfrica neAsia. Ribhiya tatu makore mana akapfuura yaiva mukana wekutsvaga kwechiito ichocho. Ko hondo yehondo ichave yakanaka here, ine nyevero yakakwana? Tichave takagadzirira kuita mazviri here?