by Yurii Sheliazhenko, Iye Anotsvaga Chokwadi, September 17, 2021
Eastern Europe mumazana emakore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri vakatambura zvakanyanya kubva kumhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika nemakakatanwa ehondo. Inguva yekudzidza kugara pamwe murunyararo uye mukutsvaga mufaro.
Maitiro echinyakare ekugadzirira vechidiki kutora chikamu muhupenyu hwevanhu vakuru mune zvematongerwo enyika munyika dzeEastern Partnership neRussia yaive, uye nanhasi ichiri, inonzi yekuraira nyika yekuda nyika. MuSoviet Union, mugari akakodzera aionekwa seanoteerera kunoteerera vatungamiriri vasina mibvunzo.
Mune paradigm iyi, kuraira kwemauto kwaive muenzaniso wehupenyu hweveruzhinji kusabatanidza kupokana kubva mune zvematongerwo enyika. Ehe, chero mhando dzevanoramba kuita zvechiuto nekuda kwehana, sevateveri ve "mupostori wekusaita zvechisimba" Leo Tolstoy nevanhu vechiPurotesitendi, vakadzvinyirirwa panguva yekurwisa "masekete" uye "cosmopolitism."
Post-soviet nyika dzakagara nhaka iyi paradigm uye dzichiri kuita kurera varwi vanoteerera pane vanovhota vane mutoro. Mishumo yegore negore yeEuropean Bureau for Conscientious Objection (EBCO) inoratidza kuti vanyoreri mudunhu vane mukana mushoma kana vasina mukana wekuzivikanwa zviri pamutemo kushora kwavo kwehondo uye kuramba kuuraya.
Sekuzivisa Deutsche Welle, mu2017 kumusangano wepasirese muBerlin nyanzvi dzakakurukura nezve njodzi dzekumashure-soviet zvechiuto nyika yekurera, iyo inosimudzira hutongi muRussia nemitemo yekurudyi muUkraine. Nyanzvi dzakaratidza kuti nyika dzese dzinoda dzidzo yemazuva ano yedemokrasi yekuva mugari.
Kunyangwe pakutanga, mu2015, iyo Federal Kunze Hofisi yeGerman uye iyo Federal Agency yeCivic Dzidzo yakatsigira iyo Eastern European Network yeCitizenship Dzidzo (EENCE), netiweki yemasangano uye nyanzvi dzakanangana nekusimudzira dzidzo yehugari mudunhu reEastern Europe, kusanganisira Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia neUkraine. Vatori vechikamu vemambure vanosaina memorandamu, iyo inoratidza kuzvipira kwakasimba kune pfungwa dzedemokrasi, rugare, nekusimudzira kwakasimba.
Pfungwa yekudzivirira hondo nedzidzo yeverunyararo tsika inogona kuteverwa kumabasa aJohn Dewey naMaria Montessori. Yakataurwa zvakanaka kwazvo muUNESCO Bumbiro uye yakadzokororwa mu2016 Chirevo cheRudyi rweRunyararo chakagamuchirwa neGeneral Assembly yeUnited Nations: yorugare inofanira kuvakwa. ”
Hunhu hwepasirese hunhu hwekuda kudzidzisa runyararo hwakanga hwakasimba zvekuti kunyangwe zviyero zvekurerwa nyika zvakatadza kudzivirira vamwe vanofarira runyararo vadzidzisi muSoviet Union nenyika dzepashure peSoviet kudzidzisa chizvarwa chinotevera kuti vanhu vese ihama nehanzvadzi uye vanofanira kugara murunyararo. .
Pasina kudzidza hwaro hwekusagadzikana, vanhu vekuEastern Europe vangangodeura ropa rakawanda panguva yekuparadzwa kwehumambo hwechiKomonisiti, makakatanwa anotevera ezvematongerwo enyika neezvehupfumi. Panzvimbo iyoyo, Ukraine neBelarus zvakasiya zvombo zvenyukireya, uye Russia yakaparadza 2 692 yezvombo zve nyukireya zviri pakati nepakati. Zvakare, nyika dzese dzekuEastern Europe kusara kweAzerbaijan dzakatanga kuita mamwe mabasa ehurumende kune vamwe vanoramba chiuto nekuda kwehana, izvo zvisingaitike uye zvine chirango asi zvichiri kufambiswa zvichienzaniswa neSoviet zvachose kusaremekedzwa kwekodzero dzevanoramba chiuto.
Isu tinofambira mberi nedzidzo yerunyararo muEastern Europe, isu tine kodzero yekupemberera kubudirira, uye kune makumi nemazana enhau mudunhu medu gore rega rega nezve mhemberero dzeInternational Day of Peace 21 Gunyana muzvikoro nemayunivhesiti. Zvisinei, tinogona uye tinofanira kuita zvakawanda.
Kazhinji, dzidzo yerunyararo haina kunyatso kuverengerwa muzvidzidzo zvechikoro, asi zvinhu zvacho zvinogona kuitiswa mune mamwe makosi edzidzo, senge izvo zvekutanga zvesainzi sainzi nehunhu. Tora, semuenzaniso, nhoroondo yepasirese: ndingaidzidzisa sei ndisina kutaura nezverunyararo muma19-20 mazana emakore uye basa reUnited Nations kumisikidza runyararo pasi pano? .
Caroline Brooks naBasma Hajir, vanyori venhoroondo ye2020 "Dzidzo yerunyararo muzvikoro zvepamutemo: nei zvichikosha uye zvingaitwe sei?", Tsanangura kuti dzidzo yerunyararo inotsvaga kupa vadzidzi mukana wekudzivirira uye kugadzirisa kusawirirana nekugadzirisa kwavo zvinokonzera, pasina nzira yekuita mhirizhonga, kuburikidza nekutaurirana uye kutaurirana, uye kugonesa vechidiki kuve vagari vane hunyanzvi vanovhurika misiyano uye vanoremekedza dzimwe tsika. Dzidzo yerunyararo inosanganisirawo misoro nenyaya dzehukama hwepasi rose, kurongeka munharaunda uye kururamisira kwezvakatipoteredza.
Mumakirasi, mumisasa yezhizha, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzese dzakakodzera, tichikurukura nezvekodzero dzevanhu kana zvinangwa zvebudiriro, kudzidzisa vezera kupindirana uye humwe hunyanzvi hunyanzvi hwehupenyu hwehukama hwevanhu, tinodzidzisa runyararo chizvarwa chinotevera chevagari veEurope nevanhu ve Pasi, mai nyika yevanhu vese. Runyararo dzidzo inopa zvinopfuura tariro, zvirokwazvo, inopa chiono chekuti vana vedu nevana vevana vedu vanogona kudzivirira kutya uye kurwadziwa kwemazuva ano vachishandisa nekukudziridza mangwana zvakanakisa zvezivo yedu nemaitiro erunyararo nerunyararo runyararo kuva vanhu vanofara zvechokwadi.
Yurii Sheliazhenko ndiye secretary secretary weUkraine Pacifist Movement, nhengo yeBhodi reEuropean Bureau yehana Yekuramba, nhengo yeBhodi re World BEYOND War. Akawana Master of Mediation uye Conflict Management degree muna 2021 uye Master of Laws degree muna 2016 paKROK University, uye Bachelor yeMathematics degree muna 2004 kuTaras Shevchenko National University yeKyiv. Kunze kwekutora chikamu musangano rerunyararo, iye mutori wenhau, blogger, mudziviriri wekodzero dzevanhu uye mudzidzi wezvemitemo, munyori wemakumi emabhuku ezvidzidzo, uye mudzidzisi wezvemitemo nedzidziso.
