Dzidzo yeRunyararo uye Chiito cheKubata: Kuenda kuMuenzaniso weIntergenerational, Youth-Led, uye Cross-Cultural Peacebuilding.

NaPhill Gittins, University College London, August 1, 2022

World BEYOND War vanobatana ne Rotary Action Group yeRunyararo kutyaira chirongwa chikuru chekuvaka runyararo

Kudikanwa kwekuvaka runyararo kwemarudzi akasiyana, anotungamirwa nevechidiki, uye netsika dzakasiyana

Runyararo rwakagara ruri pamusoro pekugona kwedu kushandira pamwe zvakanaka muzvizvarwa netsika.

Chekutanga, hapana nzira inogoneka yerunyararo inoenderera isingasanganisire kupinza kwezvizvarwa zvese. Pasinei nechibvumirano chakawanda mumunda wekuvaka runyararo izvo basa rekudyidzana pakati pezvizvarwa zvakasiyana zvevanhu rakakosha, mazano emarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye kushamwaridzana hakusi chikamu chemabasa akawanda ekuvaka runyararo. Izvi hazvishamise, pamwe, zvichipihwa kuti kune zvakawanda zvinhu zvinodzikisira kupikisa kubatana, kazhinji, uye kubatana kwemarudzi, kunyanya. Tora, somuenzaniso, dzidzo. Zvikoro zvakawanda nemayunivhesiti zvichiri kukoshesa zviitwa zvemunhu, izvo zvinofarira kukwikwidza uye kukanganisa mikana yekubatana. Saizvozvowo, maitiro ekuvaka runyararo anotsamira panzira yekumusoro-pasi, iyo inotungamira kufambiswa kwezivo pachinzvimbo chekugadzira ruzivo rwekubatana kana kuchinjana. Izvi zvine zvazvinoreva pamaitiro emarudzi akasiyana, nekuti mabasa ekuvaka runyararo anowanzoitwa 'pa', 'nokuda', kana 'nezve' vanhu venzvimbo kana nharaunda pane 'ne' kana 'navo' (ona, Gittins, 2019).

Chepiri, nepo zvizvarwa zvose zvichidikanwa kufambisira mberi tarisiro dzebudiriro inogarika murunyararo, imwe nyaya inogona kuitwa kunangidzira ngwariro nenhamburiko kuzvizvarwa zviduku nenhamburiko dzinotungamirirwa nepwere. Panguva iyo kuine vechidiki vakawanda pasi pano kupfuura kare, zvakaoma kupfuudza basa guru revechidiki (rinogona nekuita) mukushandira nyika iri nani. Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti kufarira basa revechidiki mukuvaka runyararo kuri kuwedzera pasi rose, sezvakaratidzwa neWorld Youth, Peace, and Security Agenda, hurongwa hutsva hwepasi rose, uye hurongwa hwekuita kwenyika, pamwe nekuwedzera kwakasimba mukuronga uye kudzidza. shanda (ona, Gittins, 2020, Berens & Prelis, 2022) Nhau dzakaipa ndedzekuti vechidiki vanoramba vachimiririrwa mumutemo wekuvaka runyararo, kuita, uye kutsvagisa.

Chetatu, kubatana kwetsika nemagariro kwakakosha, nekuti tiri kurarama munyika iri kuramba ichibatana uye inodyidzana. Naizvozvo, kugona kubatanidza mutsika nemagariro kwakakosha kupfuura nakare kose. Izvi zvinopa mukana wenzvimbo yekuvaka runyararo, zvichipihwa kuti basa retsika-siyana rakawanikwa richibatsira mukuparara kwemaitiro asina kunaka (Hofstede, 2001), kugadzirisa kusawirirana (Huntingdon, 1993), uye kukudziridza hukama hwakakwana (Brantmeier & Brantmeier, 2020) Nyanzvi dzakawanda - kubva Lederach to Austesserre, ine zvinotangira pabasa re Curle uye Galtung – kunongedza kukosha kwekubatana kwetsika nemagariro.

Muchidimbu, runyararo runogara runoenderana nekugona kwedu kushanda mumarudzi akasiyana uye netsika, uye kugadzira mikana yekuedza kunotungamirwa nevechidiki. Kukosha kwemaitiro matatu aya kwave kucherechedzwa mumagakava ese emitemo nedzidzo. Pane, zvakadaro, kushomeka kwekunzwisisa nezve izvo zvinotungamirwa nevechidiki, kusanganisa / kutsika-tsika kwekuvaka rugare kunotaridzika senge mukuita - uye chaizvo izvo zvinotaridzika pamwero mukuru, muzera redhijitari, panguva yeCOVID.

Dzidzo yeRunyararo uye Chiito cheImpact (PEAI)

Izvi ndizvo zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvakakonzera kuvandudzwa kwe Runyararo Dzidzo uye Chiito cheMhedzisiro (PEAI) - chirongwa chakasiyana chakagadzirirwa kubatanidza uye kutsigira vechidiki vanovaka rugare (18-30) pasi rose. Chinangwa chayo kugadzira modhi itsva yezana ramakore re21 yekuvaka runyararo - iyo inovandudza mafungiro edu nemaitiro ezvazvinoreva kuita inotungamirwa nevechidiki, yemarudzi, uye yetsika-yekuvaka runyararo. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuita shanduko yemunhu uye yemagariro kuburikidza nedzidzo uye chiito.

Kutsigira basa kune zvinotevera maitiro uye maitiro:

• Dzidzo nechiito. PEAI inotungamirirwa nekutarisa kwehuviri padzidzo nekuita, mumunda umo pane kudikanwa kwekuvhara mukaha pakati pekudzidza kwerunyararo semusoro wenyaya uye tsika yekuvaka runyararo setsika (ona, Gittins, 2019).
• Kutarisa kune pro-runyararo uye kurwisa-hondo kuedza. PEAI inotora nzira yakafara yerunyararo - iyo inosanganisira, asi inotora kupfuura, kusavapo kwehondo. Zvinobva pakuziva kuti rugare harugoni kuvapo pamwe chete nehondo, uye naizvozvo rugare runoda zvose zvakaipa uye rugare rwakanaka (ona, World BEYOND War).
• Maitiro akazara. PEAI inopa dambudziko kune zvakajairwa maumbirwo edzidzo yerunyararo ayo anovimba nemaitiro ane musoro ekudzidza achirasikirwa nemaitiro, manzwiro, uye ruzivo (ona, Cremin et al., 2018).
• Chiito chinotungamirwa nevechidiki. Kazhinji, basa rerunyararo rinoitwa 'pa' kana 'nezve' vechidiki kwete 'ne' kana 'navo' (ona, Gittins et., 2021) PEAI inopa nzira yekushandura iyi.
• Intergenerational work. PEAI inounza mapoka emarudzi akasiyana pamwechete kuti aite yekudyidzana praxis. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kugadzirisa kusavimbana kunoramba kuripo mubasa rerunyararo pakati pevechidiki nevakuru (ona, Simpson, 2018, Altiok & Grizelj, 2019).
• Kudzidza kwetsika nemagariro. Nyika dzine mamiriro akasiyana emagariro, ezvematongerwo enyika, ezvehupfumi, uye ezvakatipoteredza (kusanganisira runyararo rwakasiyana uye nzira dzemakakatanwa) dzinogona kudzidza zvakawanda kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. PEAI inoita kuti kudzidza uku kuitike.
• Kufunga zvakare uye kushandura masimba emagetsi. PEAI inotarisisa maitiro e 'simba pamusoro', 'simba mukati', 'simba ku', uye 'simba ne' (ona, VeneKlasen naMiller, 2007) tamba mabasa ekuvaka runyararo.
• Kushandiswa kwedhijitari tekinoroji. PEAI inopa mukana kune inodyidzana chikuva inobatsira kufambisa hukama hwepamhepo uye inotsigira kudzidza, kugovana, uye maitiro ekugadzira pamwe mukati uye pakati pezvizvarwa netsika dzakasiyana.

Chirongwa ichi chakarongwa zvakatenderedza izvo Gittins (2021) anoratidza se 'kuziva, kuva, uye kuita kwekuvaka runyararo'. Inotsvaga kuenzanisa kuomarara kwehungwaru nekubatana kwehukama uye chiitiko-chakavakirwa ruzivo. Chirongwa ichi chinotora nzira mbiri-nhanho dzekuita shanduko - dzidzo yerunyararo uye kuita kwerunyararo - uye inounzwa mune yakabatanidzwa, yakakwira-impact, fomati kwemavhiki e14, nemavhiki matanhatu edzidzo yerunyararo, 8-mavhiki ekuita rugare, uye chinangwa chekusimudzira mukati mese.

Implkuyamwachiitochikamu chePEAI mutyairi

In 2021, World BEYOND War vakabatana neRotary Action Group for Peace kuti vatange chirongwa chekutanga chePEAI. Aka ndekekutanga kuti vechidiki nenharaunda munyika gumi nembiri mumakondinendi mana (Cameroon, Canada, Colombia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russia, Serbia, South Sudan, Turkey, Ukraine, USA, neVenezuela) vaunzwa pamwechete, mune imwe yakatsigirwa. kutanga, kuita chirongwa chekusimudzira chekuvaka runyararo pakati pezvizvarwa netsika.

PEAI yaitungamirirwa nemuenzaniso wehutungamiriri, izvo zvakakonzera chirongwa chakagadzirwa, chakaitwa, uye chakaongororwa kuburikidza nekutevedzana kwekudyidzana kwepasirese. Izvi zvaisanganisira:

• Rotary Action Group for Peace yakakokwa na World BEYOND War kuve mubatsiri wavo pachirongwa ichi. Izvi zvakaitwa kusimudzira kudyidzana pakati peRotary, vamwe vane chekuita, neWBW; fambisa simba-kugoverana; uye kukwidziridza hunyanzvi, zviwanikwa, uye netiweki yemasangano ese ari maviri.
• A Global Team (GT), iyo yaisanganisira vanhu vanobva World BEYOND War uye Rotary Action Group for Peace. Raiva basa ravo kupa hutungamiriri hwepfungwa, hutungamiri hwehurongwa, uye kuzvidavirira. Iyo GT yakasangana svondo rega rega, mukati megore, kuisa mutyairi pamwechete.
• Masangano/mapoka akamisikidzwa munharaunda munyika gumi nembiri. Imwe neimwe 'Nyika Project Team' (CPT), inoumbwa nevarongi vaviri, varairidzi vaviri, uye gumi vechidiki (12-2). Imwe neimwe CPT yaisangana nguva nenguva kubva munaGunyana kusvika Zvita 2.
• A 'Research Team', yaisanganisira vanhu vanobva kuYunivhesiti yeCambridge, Columbia University, Young Peacebuilders, uye World BEYOND War. Chikwata ichi chakatungamira mutyairi weongororo. Izvi zvaisanganisira kuongorora nekuongorora maitiro ekuona nekutaurirana kukosha kwebasa kune vateereri vakasiyana.

Zviitwa uye zvinokanganisa zvinogadzirwa kubva kumutyairi wePEAI

Nepo kuratidzwa kwakadzama kwezviitwa zvekuvaka runyararo uye zvinokonzeresa kubva kumutyairi wendege hazvigone kuverengerwa pano nekuda kwezvikonzero zvenzvimbo, zvinotevera zvinopa muono wekukosha kwebasa iri, kune vakasiyana siyana. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

1) Mhedzisiro kune vechidiki nevakuru vari munyika gumi nemaviri

PEAI yakabatsira zvakananga vechidiki 120 uye vakuru makumi mana vanoshanda navo, munyika gumi nembiri dzakasiyana. Vatori vechikamu vakaratidza huwandu hwemabhenefiti anosanganisira:

• Kuwedzera ruzivo uye hunyanzvi hune chekuita nekuvaka runyararo nekuchengetedza.
• Kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwehutungamiriri hunobatsira mukusimudzira kuita kwemunhu uye nehunyanzvi pachedu, nevamwe, uye nenyika.
• Kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwebasa revechidiki mukuvaka runyararo.
• Kukoshesa kukuru kwehondo uye kugadzwa kwehondo sechipingamupinyi chekuwana runyararo nebudiriro.
• Zvakaitika neyakasiyana-siyana uye yetsika-tsika nzvimbo dzekufunda nemaitiro, zvese mu-munhu uye online.
• Kuwedzera hunyanzvi hwekuronga uye hwekuita zvekuratidzira kunyanya zvine chekuita nekuita uye kutaurirana mapurojekiti anotungamirwa nevechidiki, anotsigirwa nevakuru, uye anobatanidzwa munharaunda.
• Kuvandudzwa uye kuchengetedza network uye hukama.

Tsvagiridzo yakawana kuti:

• 74% yevatori vechikamu muchirongwa ichi vanotenda kuti ruzivo rwePEAI rwakabatsira mukusimudzira kwavo semuvaki werunyararo.
• 91% vakati ivo zvino vane simba rekukurudzira shanduko yakanaka.
• 91% vanonzwa vane chivimbo nezvekuita basa rekuvaka runyararo.
• 89% vanozviona sevane ruzivo mumabasa ekuvaka runyararo

2) Mhedzisiro kumasangano uye nharaunda munyika gumi nemaviri

PEAI yakashongedzerwa, yakabatana, yakaraira, uye yakatsigira vatori vechikamu kuti vaite zvinopfuura mapurojekiti erunyararo gumi neshanu munyika gumi nembiri dzakasiyana. Aya mapurojekiti ari pamwoyo weicho 'basa rakanaka rerunyararo' ndezve, "kufunga nzira dzedu mumaitiro matsva ekuita uye kuita nzira yedu mumhando itsva dzekufunga" (Bing, 1989: 49).

3) Mhedzisiro yedzidzo yerunyararo uye nharaunda inovaka runyararo

Pfungwa yechirongwa chePEAI yaive yekuunza mapoka emarudzi akasiyana kubva pasirese, uye kuvabatanidza mukudzidza pamwe nekuita runyararo nekugarika. Kuvandudzwa kwechirongwa chePEAI uye modhi, pamwe nezvakawanikwa kubva muchirongwa chekuyedza, zvakagovaniswa munhaurirano nenhengo dzedzidzo yerunyararo uye nharaunda yekuvaka runyararo kuburikidza neakasiyana-siyana epamhepo uye mu-munhu mharidzo. Izvi zvaisanganisira kuguma-kwe-chirongwa chiitiko / kupemberera, apo vechidiki vakagovana, mumashoko avo, ruzivo rwavo rwePEAI uye kukanganisa kwemabasa avo erugare. Iri basa richaziviswawo kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zviviri zvejenari, zviri kuitika, kuratidza kuti chirongwa chePEAI, uye modhi yacho, zvine mukana wekupesvedzera mafungiro matsva nemaitiro.

Chii chinotevera?

Mutyairi we2021 anopa muenzaniso chaiwo wepasirese wezvinogoneka maererano nevanotungamirwa nevechidiki, pakati pezvizvarwa / mutsika-tsika kuvaka rugare pamwero mukuru. Uyu mutyairi haaonekwe semagumo-pase, asi sekutanga patsva - yakasimba, humbowo-hwakavakirwa, hwaro hwekuvakira uye mukana we (re) kufungidzira zvinogona kuitika mune ramangwana rairo.

Kubva kutanga kwegore, World BEYOND War yave ichishanda nesimba neRotary Action Group yeRunyararo, uye nevamwe, kuongorora zvingangoitika mune ramangwana - kusanganisira chirongwa chemakore akawanda chinoda kutora dambudziko rakaoma rekuenda kuchiyero pasina kurasikirwa nezvinodiwa pasi. Pasinei nezano rakagamuchirwa - kupindirana kwemarudzi, kutungamirirwa nevechidiki, uye kudyidzana kwetsika kuchava mwoyo webasa iri.

Munyori Biography:

Phill Gittins, PhD, ndiye Dzidzo Director we World BEYOND War. Iyewo a Rotary Runyararo Shamwari, KAICIID Shamwari, uye Positive Peace Activator ye Institute for Economics and Peace. Ane anopfuura makore makumi maviri ehutungamiriri, hurongwa, uye ruzivo rwekuongorora munzvimbo dzerunyararo & kukakavara, dzidzo & kudzidziswa, vechidiki & kusimudzira nharaunda, uye kuraira & psychotherapy. Phill inogona kuwanikwa pa: phill@worldbeyondwar.org. Tsvaga zvimwe nezve Runyararo Dzidzo uye Chiito cheImpact chirongwa pano: pa https://worldbeyondwar.org/action-for-impact/