By Ground Zero Center yeChirungu cheNyika, January 5, 2020
Puget Inzwi rerunyararo varatidziri, pamberi peNyukireya Ban Chibvumirano kupinda musimba, kukwidza vashandi veNavy kuNaval Base Kitsap-Bangor: Ramba zvisiri pamutemo mirairo; Ramba kuvhura zvombo zvenyukireya.
NeSvondo, Ndira 3rd, chizere chizere-peji chakaburitswa mupepanhau reKitsap Sun, achitaura nevashandi vemauto kuNaval Base Kitsap-Bangor. Kushambadzira uku kukumbira vashandi veNavy kuti varambe mirairo yekuburitsa zvombo zvenyukireya. Chikumbiro chine masiginecha anotsigira ari yakatumirwa pawebhusaiti yedu.
Kukwidziridzwa kune Vashandi veNavy vanonyatsokumbira kuti nhengo dzemasoja -
Dzivisa mirairo isiri pamutemo.
Ramba kuuraya vanhu vasina mhosva.
Ramba kurongeka kwekushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya.
Kuswedera kwedu kunhamba huru kwazvo yezvombo zvenyukireya zvakaiswa kunotiswededza padyo nenjodzi yemuno neyepasi rose.
Kana vagari vaziva basa ravo mukutarisira kwehondo yenyukireya, kana njodzi yenjodzi yenyukireya, nyaya yacho haisisiri yekutora. Kuswedera kwedu kuBangor kunoda mhinduro yakadzama.
Nezve Kukwidzwa kuNavy Vashandi, varwiri verunyararo havasi kukumbira kuti vashandi vemauto vasiye basa, asi kuti vashande zvine rukudzo uye zvinoenderana ne Yunifomu Kodhi yeMauto Ruramisiro (UCMJ) uye mutemo wepasi rese.
Nhengo yeGound Zero Elizabeth Murray akati, "Varwiri verunyararo mudunhu rePuget Sound vataura kunharaunda yedu vachirwisa zvombo zvenyukireya kubvira 1970s. Takadzidza kuti tinonetseka zvakafanana nenhengo dzemauto - kunetseka kuti kushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya kunotungamira mukuparadzwa kusingafungidzike kuvanhu vasina mhosva nepasi redu. ”
Sarudzo dzepasirese dzakapa mutongo wekuti kushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya hazvisi pamutemo, kusanganisira sarudzo ku pasi rose dare yeRuramisiro muna 1996; the 1948 Yakazara Ziviso yeKodzero dzevanhu; the 1949 Gungano reGeneva; uye the 1977 Geneva Musangano protocol.
United Nations Chibvumirano Chekudziviswa kweNyukliya Weapons (TPNW) ichapinda pamutemo pamutemo muna Ndira 22nd ikozvino kuti pamusoro penyika makumi mashanu dzakasaina uye dzakazvibvumidza. Iyo TPNW inorambidza nyika dzakabvumidza Chibvumirano kubva "kugadzira, kuyedza, kugadzira, kugadzira, kuwana, kubata, kana kuunganidza zvombo zvenyukireya kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoputika zvenyukireya." Ivo vanorambidzwa kubva kuendesa kana kugamuchira zvombo zvenyukireya nemidziyo yenyukireya zvinoputika, zvichireva kuti havagone kubvumidza zvombo zvenyukireya kuti zvimiswe kana kutumirwa munyika dzazvo. Nyika dzinorambidzwawo kushandisa kana kutyisidzira kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya uye nezvimwe zvinoputika. Pamusoro pekukosha kukuru, Chinyorwa XII cheChibvumirano chinoda kuti hurumende dzakabvumidza chibvumirano kuti dzimanikidze nyika dziri kunze kweChibvumirano kuti dzisaine nekuchisimbisa. Kunyange United States, kana imwe yedzimwe nyika dzezvombo zvenyukireya, hadzisati dzasaina iyo TPNW.
The Yunifomu Kodhi yeMauto Ruramisiro (UCMJ) zvinojekesa kuti vashandi vemauto vane chisungo nebasa rekuteerera chete mirairo zviri pamutemo uyezve vane chisungo cheku kusateerera zvisiri pamutemo, kusanganisira mirairo nemutungamiriri wenyika isingaite maererano neUCMJ. Hunhu hwehunhu nemutemo ndezve US Bumbiro uye kwete kune avo vanogona kuburitsa zvisiri pamutemo mirairo, kunyanya kana iwo maodha ari kutyora kwakanangana neBumbiro uye UCMJ.
Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor imba yekumusha kune yakakura kwazvo misasa yenyukireya warheads muUS Hondo yenyukireya inoiswa paTrident D-5 zvombo zvinokandwa on SSBN ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye inochengetwa pasi pevhu zvombo zvenyukireya zvekuchengetedza nzvimbo pachigadziko.
Kune masere epasi peTrident SSBN anotumirwa ku Bangor. Nhatu Trident SSBN zvimbambaira dzinoiswa kuEast Coast kuKing Bay Bay, Georgia.
Imwe Trident submarine inotakura inoparadza masimba anopfuura 1,200 mabhomba eHiroshima (iyo Hiroshima bhomba yaive gumi nemashanu kilotoni) kana simba rinoparadza remabhomba mazana mapfumbamwe eNagasaki (makumi maviri emakotoni.)
Imwe neimwe yepasi peTrident yakange yakagadzirirwa zvigadziriso makumi maviri nezvitatu. Muna 24-2015 makomba mana emabhuruku akamiswa pane imwe neimwe yepasi pegungwa nekuda kweiyo Nyowani YEKUTANGA Chibvumirano. Parizvino, yega yega Trident submarine inotakura ine makumi maviri eD-2017 makombuta uye angangoita makumi mapfumbamwe ehondo yenyukireya (avhareji e20-5 warheads pa missile). Iwo ma warheads angave ari W90-4 5-kiloton kana W76 1-kiloton warheads.
Iyo Navy mukutanga kwa2020 yakatanga kuendesa nyowani W76-2 yakaderera-goho warhead (angangoita masere kilotoni) pane yakasarudzwa ballistic yepasi pemakombuta kuBangor (zvichitevera kutanga kutumirwa muAtlantic muna Zvita 2019). Musoro wehondo wakaendeswa kudzora kushandiswa kwekutanga kweRussia zvombo zvenyukireya zvine ngozi, zvine njodzi kugadzira kudzika chikumbaridzo yekushandisa kweUS zvine hungwaru zvombo zvenyukireya.
Chero kushandiswa kwe zvombo zvenyukireya kupesana neimwe nyika yenyukireya ingangoita mhinduro nezvombo zvenyukireya, zvichikonzera kufa kukuru nekuparadzwa. Kunze kweiyo kunanga mhedzisiro pane mhandu, iyo inosanganisirwa nemwaranzi yekudonha yaizokanganisa vanhu mune mamwe marudzi. Hupfumi hwepasirese hwevanhu nehupfumi hungave hwakawanda kupfuura fungidziro, uye mirairo yehukuru hwakapfuura mhedzisiro yedenda rekonavirus.
Hans M. Kristensen ndiye nyanzvi yekutaura, "Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor… ine hukuru hukuru hwezvombo zvenyukireya zvakatumirwa muUS ” (Ona zvakataurwa zvinyorwa pano uye pano.) VaKristensen ndivo director we Nyukireya Ruzivo Project panguva Federation of American Scientists kwaanopa veruzhinji kuongororwa uye ruzivo rwemashure nezve chimiro chemasimba enyukireya uye basa rezvombo zvenyukireya.
Civic mutoro uye zvombo zvenyukireya
Kuswedera kwedu kunhamba huru kwazvo yezvombo zvenyukireya zvakaiswa kunotiswededza padyo nenjodzi yemuno neyepasi rose. Kana vagari vaziva basa ravo mukutarisira kwehondo yenyukireya, kana njodzi yenjodzi yenyukireya, nyaya yacho haisisiri yekutora. Kuswedera kwedu kuBangor kunoda mhinduro yakadzama.
Zvizvarwa zvemunyika ine hutongi hwezvido zvevanhu zvakare zvine mabasa-- anosanganisira kusarudza vatungamiriri vedu nekugara vachiziva zviri kuitwa nehurumende yedu. Ngarava yepasi peBangor iri mamaira makumi maviri kubva kudhorobha reSeattle, asi vashoma chete muzana yevagari vemunharaunda medu vanoziva kuti Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor iripo.
Vagari venyika yeWashington State vanogara vachisarudza vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanotsigira zvombo zvenyukireya muWashington State. Muma1970s, Senator Henry Jackson vakagonesa Pentagon kuti iwane Trident submarine base paHood Canal, ukuwo Senator Warren Magnuson achiwana mari yemigwagwa nezvimwe zvinokonzerwa neTrident base. Iyo yega Trident submarine yekutumidzwa zita remunhu (uye yedu yaimbove Washington State Senator) ndiyo USS Henry M. Jackson(SSBN-730), imba inotakurirwa kuNavy Base Kitsap-Bangor.
Muna 2012, Washington State yakatanga iyo Washington Mauto Mubatanidzwa (WMA), inokurudzirwa zvine simba naGavhuna Gregoire naInslee. IWMA, Dhipatimendi reDziviriro, uye mamwe masangano ehurumende anoshanda kusimbisa basa re Washington State se “…Simba Kujekesa Platform (Strategic Ports, Rail, Roads, uye Nhandare) [pamwe] nemweya unowirirana, ivhu, uye zvikamu zvegungwa zvekuita basa iri. ” Uyezve ona "Kujekesa simba. "
Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor uye iyo Trident submarine system yakachinja kubva pakatanga Trident submarine yakasvika muna Nyamavhuvhu 1982. Iyo base yakagadziridzwa kune rakakura kwazvo D-5 chombo chine W88 yakakura (455 kiloton) warhead, nekuenderera mberi kwechimanjemanje kwekutungamira kwemissile uye masystem ekudzora. Navy ichangobva kuendesa zvidiki W76-2 "Yakaderera-goho" kana hunyanzvi chombo chenyukireya (angangoita masere kilotoni) pane akasarudzwa ballistic yepasi pemakombuta kuBangor, zvine njodzi kugadzira chikumbaridzo chepasi chekushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya.
Idzo nyaya
* Iyo US iri kushandisa yakawanda pa zvombo zvenyukireya zvirongwa kupfuura panguva yekukwira kweCold War.
* IUS parizvino inoronga kushandisa inofungidzirwa $ 1.7 tiririyoni pamusoro pemakore makumi matatu ekuvakazve zvivakwa zvenyukireya zvemunyika nekuvandudza zvombo zvenyukireya.
* The New York Times yakashuma kuti US, Russia uye China vari kutsvaga nechisimba chizvarwa chitsva chezvombo zvidiki uye zvishoma zvinoparadza zvombo zvenyukireya. Iwo anovaka anotyisidzira kumutsidzira a Cold Hondo-nguva yehondo nhangemutange uye kugadzirisa kusagadzikana kwesimba pakati penyika.
* Mauto eU.S. Navy akataura izvozvo SSBN ngarava dzepasi pegungwa dzinotenderera dzinopa US "kugona kwayo kupona uye kusingaperi." Nekudaro, SSBNs pachiteshi nehondo yenyukireya yakachengetwa paSWFPAC inogona kunge iri yekutanga tarisiro muhondo yenyukireya. Google mifananidzo kubva 2018 inoratidza matatu SSBN submarines paHood Canal pamberi.
Tsaona inosanganisira zvombo zvenyukireya yakaitika November 2003 manera paakapinda mumhino yenyukireya panguva yechombo chinodzikiswa paExpplosives Handling Wharf kuBangor. Ese mashandisirwo ekubata makomba ku SWFPAC akamiswa kwemavhiki mapfumbamwe kudzamara Bangor agoniswazve kubata zvombo zvenyukireya. Vatungamiriri vatatu vepamusoro vakadzingwa, asi veruzhinji havana kuzomboziviswa kudzamara ruzivo rwaburitswa kunhepfenyuro munaKurume 2004.
* Mhinduro dzeveruzhinji kubva kuvakuru vehurumende kune tsaona ya2003 yakaitika kazhinji muchimiro che katyamadza uyekuora mwoyo.
* Nekuda kweazvino zvirikuvandudza uye zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza zvehondo ku Bangor, hondo yenyukireya anogara achitumirwa mumarori asina kumakwa pakati peDhipatimendi reMagetsi Pantex Plant padhuze neAmarillo, Texas neBangor base. Kusiyana neNavy kuBangor, iyo DOE inoshingairira kusimudzira kugadzirira kwechimbichimbi.
Zvombo zvenyukireya uye kuramba
Muma1970 nema1980, zviuru zvakaratidzira kurwisa zvombo zvenyukireya panzvimbo yeBangor uye mazana vakasungwa. Seattle Archbishop Hunthausen yakanga yazivisa ngarava yepasi pegungwa yeBangor "Auschwitz wePuget Ruzha ” uye muna 1982 akatanga kubata hafu yemitero yemubatanidzwa vachiramba “kupfuurira kwerudzi rwedu munhangemutange yekukunda zvombo zvenyukireya. ”
Musi waMay 27, 2016, Mutungamiri Obama akataura muHiroshima uye akadaidzira kumiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya. Vakati masimba enyukireya “…ndinofanira kushinga kupukunyuka kutya, ndoteera nyika isina ivo. " Obama akawedzera, "Tinofanira kuchinja mafungiro edu nezvehondo pachayo. ”
Nezve iyo Ground Zero Center
Ground Zero Center yeNonviolent Action yakavambwa muna 1977. Iyo nzvimbo iri pama 3.8 maeka inosangana neTrident submarine base kuBangor, Washington. Ground Zero Center yeNonviolent Action inopa mukana wekutarisa midzi yechisimba nekusaruramisira munyika medu uye kuona simba rinoshandura rerudo kuburikidza neasina mhirizhonga akananga kuita. Isu tinodzivisa zvese zvombo zvenyukireya, kunyanya iyo Trident ballistic missile system.
Kuuya Ground Zero zviitiko:
- Ground Zero Center yeNonviolent Action uye World Beyond War varikubhadhara kuendesa zvikwangwani zvina muSeattle muna Ndira vachizivisa kupinda kwechibvumirano cheProtocol yeNyukireya Zvombo (TPNW) nekuyeuchidza vagari veTrident ballistic nyukireya yepasirine simba iri muKitsap County iri pedyo.
- Ground Zero ichaburitsa maviri ekuwedzera Anobhadharwa Public Service Zviziviso mupepanhau reKitsap Sun - muna Ndira 15th mukuremekedza Martin Luther King Jr., uye musi waNdira 22nd kucherechedza kupinda kwesimba reTPNW.
- Musi waNdira 15th, chirangaridzo chekuzvarwa kwaMartin Luther King, Jr., Ground Zero ichatora varindi panzvimbo yegungwa yeBangor Trident, ichikudza nhaka yaDkt King yekusaita zvechisimba uye kupokana nezvombo zvenyukireya.
- Nhengo dzeGround Zero dzichange dzakabata zvikwangwani mumigwagwa mikuru nemigwagwa mikuru muKitsap County neSeattle musi waNdira 22.nd kuzivisa kupinda kwesimba kweTPNW.
udza mashoko info@gzcenter.org zveruzivo rwemabasa aNdira.
