NaDavid Swanson, Matauriro muLondon, England, Chikunguru 2, 2014.
Ndinokutendai kuna Bruce Kent uye Movement for the Abolition of War uye kune Veterans For Peace uye Campaign yeNuclear Disarmament. Ndatenda kuStop the War Coalition nevamwe vese nekubatsira kuparadzira shoko.
Mumazuva masere, musi waChikunguru 8 Mary Ann Grady-Flores, ambuya vanobva kuIthaca, NY, vakarongerwa kutongerwa kusvika gore rimwe mutirongo. Mhosva yake ndeyekutyora murairo wedziviriro, chiri chemutemo chekudzivirira mumwe munhu kubva kumhirizhonga yemumwe munhu. Muchiitiko ichi, mukuru weHancock Air Base akadzivirirwa zviri pamutemo kubva kune vakazvitsaurira vasina mhirizhonga, zvisinei nekudzivirirwa kwekuraira muzinda wake wemauto, uye kunyangwe varatidziri vasina ruzivo rwekuti mukomana ndiani. Ndiko kushata kwakaita vanhu vanotungamira marobhoti emhondi anobhururuka atinodaidza kuti drones anoda kudzivirira chero mibvunzo yebasa ravo inopinda mupfungwa dzevatyairi vendege.
NeChina chapfuura imwe nzvimbo muUS inonzi Stimson Center yakaburitsa chirevo pamusoro pemaitiro matsva eUS ekuuraya vanhu nemakomba kubva kundege. The Stimson Center yakatumidzwa zita raHenry Stimson, Munyori weHondo yeUnited States uyo, asati arwiswa neJapan paPearl Harbor akanyora mubhuku rake rezvinyorwa, mushure memusangano neMutungamiri Roosevelt: pfuti yekutanga tisingabvumiri njodzi yakawandisa kwatiri. Yakanga iri pfungwa yakaoma. " (Mwedzi mina izvi zvisati zvaitika, Churchill akanga audza dare remakurukota pa10 Downing Street kuti mutemo weUnited States kuJapan waisanganisira uyu: “Chinhu chiri chose chaifanira kuitwa kumanikidzira chiitiko.”) Uyu akanga ari Henry Stimson mumwe cheteyo akazorambidza kudonhedza bhomba renyukireya rokutanga. paKyoto, nekuti akamboenda kuKyoto. Akanga asina kumboshanyira Hiroshima, zvakanyanya kunhamo yevanhu veHiroshima.
Ndinoziva kuti kune mhemberero huru yeHondo Yenyika I iri kuitika kuno (pamwe nekuramba kukuru kwairi), asi muUnited States kwave nemhemberero inoenderera mberi yeHondo Yenyika II kwemakore makumi manomwe. Kutaura zvazviri, mumwe angatoratidza kuti Hondo Yenyika II yakaenderera mberi neimwe nzira uye pamwero muduku kwemakore 70 (uye pamwero mukuru mune dzimwe nguva uye nzvimbo dzakadai seKorea neVietnam neIraq). United States haina kumbobvira yadzokera kune pre-Hondo Yenyika II mazinga emitero kana kushandiswa kwemauto, haana kumbobvira abva kuJapan kana Germany, akaita mamwe mauto e70 kunze kwenyika panguva yeinonzi nguva yehondo, haina kumbomira kuwedzera kuvepo kwayo kwemauto. kunze kwenyika, uye iye zvino mauto agara zvachose munenge munyika dzose dziri panyika. Zviviri kunze, Iran neSyria, zvinogara zvichityisidzirwa.
Saka zvakakodzera zvachose, ndinofunga, kuti yakanga iri Stimson Center yakaburitsa mushumo uyu, nevaichimbova vakuru vemauto uye magweta ane ushamwari nemauto, mushumo waisanganisira ichi chirevo chinokosha: “Kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemaUAV anouraya kungakonzera kutsvedza. mutsetse unotungamirira kuhondo dzinopfuurira kana kuti dzakawanda.”
Zvirinani izvo zvinonzwika zvakakosha kwandiri. Hondo dzisingaperi? Chinhu chakaipa kwazvo, handiti?
Zvakare svondo rapfuura, hurumende yeUS yakaita memo pachena iyo yainoti ikodzero yekuponda zviri pamutemo mugari wemuUS (usambofunga chero ani zvake) sechikamu chehondo isina muganhu munguva kana nzvimbo. Nditi ndinopenga, asi izvi zvinoita kunge zvakakomba. Zvakadini kana iyi hondo ikaenderera kwenguva yakareba kuti igadzire vavengi vakakosha?
Gore rapfuura United Nations yakaburitsa chirevo chaiti ma drones aive ari kuita hondo sechinyakare kwete kusarudzika. Wow. Iro rinogona kunge riri dambudziko kune rudzi rwezvisikwa zvinoda kusabhombwa, haufungi here? Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, rakasikwa kuti ribvise hondo munyika, rinotaura kuti hondo yave kuita sechinyakare pane kungosiyana.
Zvechokwadi mhinduro kuchiitiko chakaoma kudaro inofanira kuva inokosha zvakafanana.
Takura tichigara, ndinofunga, kuverenga mishumo inotaura zvinhu zvakaita sekuti "Kana tikasasiya 80% yemafuta anozivikanwa pasi pevhu isu tese tichafa, uye mazhinji emamwe marudzi anesu," uye kozoti nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kuti tishandise magirobhu anoshanda zvakanaka uye kurima madomasi edu. Ndinoreva kuti isu tajaira mhinduro isingaenderane nedambudziko riripo.
Ndizvo zvakaita UN, Stimson Center, uye mhomho yakanaka yenyanzvi dzemitemo yevanhu, sekutaura kwangu.
The Stimson Center inoti nezve mhondi dzinoitwa nedrone, hadzifanirwe "kukudzwa kwete kubatwa nedhimoni." Uyewo, sezviri pachena, havafaniri kumiswa. Pane kudaro, iyo Stimson Center inokurudzira ongororo uye pachena uye zvidzidzo zvakasimba. Ndine chido chekubheja kuti kana iwe kana ini tikatyisidzira rufu rukuru runoramba ruchienderera kana kuwedzera uye kuparadza tinenge tave nemadhimoni. Ndiri kuda kubheja pfungwa yekukudzwa kwedu yaisatombouya kuti itariswe.
United Nations, zvakare, inofunga kuti kuve pachena ndiyo mhinduro. Chingotizivisa wauri kuponda uye nei. Tichakuwanira mafomu ekuti uite report yemwedzi nemwedzi. Sezvo dzimwe nyika dzichipinda mumutambo uyu tichaunganidza mishumo yavo uye nekugadzira humwe hunyanzvi hwepasirese.
Ndiyo pfungwa yevamwe vanhu yekufambira mberi.
Drones, hongu, haisi iyo nzira chete kana - kusvika zvino - nzira inouraya iyo US nevabatsiri vayo vanorwa hondo. Asi kune uku kunyepedzera kushoma kwekukurukurirana kwetsika nezve drones nekuti mhondi dzedrone dzinoita semhondi kune vanhu vazhinji. Mutungamiri weUS anofamba nerondedzero yevarume, vakadzi, nevana neChipiri, anosarudza wekuuraya, uye anoita kuti ivo uye ani nani amire pedyo navo apondwe - kunyangwe achiwanzonanga vanhu vasingazive zita ravo. Kubhomba Libya kana kupi zvako kunoratidzika kunge kushoma sekuuraya kune vanhu vazhinji, kunyanya kana - saStimson muHiroshima - vasati vamboenda kuLibya, uye kana mabhomba mazhinji achinzi akananga kune mumwe munhu akaipa uyo hurumende yeUS yamukira. Saka, United States inopinda mune chimwe chinhu chakaita sehondo ye2011 kuLibya iyo yakasiya nyika iyoyo iri mumamiriro akanaka kudaro pasina kuitika kune mamwe mauto ekufunga ane hushamwari zvekuti pane mubvunzo wetsika unofanirwa kufungisisa.
Sei, ndinoshamisika, taizotaura sei nezve drones kana mabhomba kana avo vanonzi vasiri-vanopa mazano kana isu taiedza kubvisa hondo pane kuisimbisa? Zvakanaka, ndinofunga kuti dai takaona kubviswa kwehondo sechero chinangwa chedu chiri kure, taizotaura zvakasiyana nezvemarudzi ese ehondo nhasi. Ini ndinofunga taizomira kukurudzira zano rekuti chero memo inogona pamutemo kuuraya, kunyangwe isu takaona memo. Ini ndinofunga tinoramba chinzvimbo chemapoka ekodzero dzevanhu chekuti UN Charter neKellogg-Briand Pact hazvifanirwe kuregererwa. Pane kufunga nezvekusave pamutemo kwemaitiro panguva yehondo, tinopokana nekusatenderwa kwehondo pachayo. Hatingataure zvakanaka nezveUnited States neIran pamwe vachibatana maoko muhushamwari kana hwaro hwemubatanidzwa wakadai waive wekubatana kuuraya maIraq.
MuUS hazvishamisi kuti mapoka erunyararo atarise pamusoro pe4,000 vakafa vekuAmerica uye nemari yemari yehondo yeIraq, uye kuramba zvakasimba kutaura hafu yemiriyoni kusvika miriyoni nehafu vakaurayiwa, kunyarara kwakakonzera vazhinji. Vanhu vekuAmerica vasingazivi zvakaitika. Asi ndiro zano revanopikisa dzimwe hondo, kwete vanopikisa hondo dzese. Kuratidzira imwe hondo seinodhura kune anomukira hakufambisi vanhu vachipokana nekugadzirira kwehondo kana kuvabvisa fungidziro yekuti panogona kuve nehondo yakanaka uye yakarongeka mumazuva ari mberi.
Zvakajairika muWashington kupokana nekuraswa kwemauto, senge zvombo zvisingashande kana kuti Pentagon haina kana kubvunza Congress, kana kupokana nehondo dzakaipa dzinosiya mauto asina kugadzirira dzimwe hondo. Dai purojekiti yedu yakanangana nekupedza hondo, taizopesana nekushanda kwemauto kupfuura marara emauto uye tichifarira mauto asina kunyatsogadzirira asingakwanisi kutanga dzimwe hondo. Tichange takatarisana nekuchengetedza vechidiki kubva muchiuto uye zvechiuto kubva mumabhuku echikoro sezvatiri pakudzivirira rimwe batch rezvombo zvekubhururuka. Itsika yekutaura kuvimbika kumasoja uchipikisa mitemo yevakuru vavo, asi kana wangorumbidza varwi nekuda kwebasa ravo ravanoti, wabvuma kuti vanofanira kunge vakapa rimwe. Kupemberera Hondo Yenyika I vanopikisa, sezvandinoziva vamwe venyu mave muchiita nguva pfupi yapfuura, ndiyo rudzi rwechinhu chinofanira kutsiva kukudza vatori vechikamu muhondo.
Isu tingangoda kusangochinja hurukuro yedu kubva pakupikisa hondo chaiyo mushure mehondo chaiyo kuenda kukurukura kupera kwesangano rose. Tingangodawo kushandura zvishoma zvishoma chikamu chose chehurukuro munzira.
Panzvimbo pekukurudzira kuti veterans kunyanya vakawana kutenda kwedu uye vanofanirwa kuwana hutano uye pamudyandigere (uyo anonzwa nguva dzese muUS), isu tingada kupa zano kuti vanhu vese - kusanganisira veterans - vane kodzero dzevanhu, uye kuti mumwe wedu. basa guru nderekumira kugadzira vamwe veterans.
Pane kuramba kuti mauto aite weti pazvitunha, tingada kuramba kusikwa kwezvitunha. Panzvimbo pokuedza kubvisa kutambudzwa nokubatwa chibharo nokupfigirwa mutorongo kusingateereri mutemo mukushanda kwokuponda kukuru, tingada kunangidzira ngwariro pachikonzero chacho. Hatigone kuenderera mberi nekuisa $2 trillion pagore pasirese, uye hafu yacho ingori muUnited States, mukugadzirira hondo uye kusatarisira kuti hondo dzichazoitika.
Nezvimwe zvakapindwa muropa tinoudzwa kuti titevere vatengesi vakuru vezvinodhaka kana kuti kutevera zvinodiwa nevanoshandisa. Vatengesi vezvinodhaka zvehondo ndevaya vanopa mari kumauto nemari yavazukuru vedu yavasina kuwana uye vachirasa mabhakiti emari mumashoko anoparadzirwa pamusoro peVietnam neHondo Yenyika I. Vanoziva nhema dzehondo dzakapfuura dzinotokosha kupfuura nhema dzehondo itsva. Uye isu tinoziva kuti gadziriro yehondo haigone kurarama vanhu vachidzidza chokwadi pamusoro payo kusvika pamwero wakadaro zvekuti vamwe vanhu vanotanga kuita nezveruzivo irworwo.
Maonero eruzhinji eUS akafamba achipesana nehondo. Paramende neCongress pazvakati kwete kuzvombo muSyria, kudzvanyirirwa neveruzhinji kwemakore gumi apfuura kwakaita basa guru. Izvi zvakafanana nekumisa bhiri rinotyisa paIran muCongress kutanga kwegore rino, uye nekupokana nehondo nyowani paIraq. Nhengo dzeCongress dziri kunetsekana nekuvhotera imwe hondo yakaita seIraq, ingave muIraq kana kumwewo. Vhoti yake yekurwisa Iraq makore gumi nemaviri apfuura ndicho chete chinhu chakaita kuti tisaona Hillary Clinton muWhite House. Vanhu havadi kuvhotera munhu akavhotera izvozvo. Uye, ngatitaurei izvi kare kushamwari dzedu dzinodiwa paNobel Committee: mumwe mubairo werunyararo hauzobatsiri zvinhu. United States haidi mumwe mubairo werunyararo wemugadziri wehondo, inoda izvo Bruce uye vazhinji venyu vanga vachishanda pamusoro apa: bato rakakurumbira rekubvisa hondo!
Chiverengero chakati chevaratidziri verunyararo vakatanga chirongwa chitsva chinodaidzwa World Beyond War pa http://WorldBeyondWar.org yakanangana nekuunza vanhu vazhinji mukuratidzira runyararo. Vanhu nemasangano munyika dzinosvika makumi mashanu nesere kusvika parizvino vakasaina Declaration of Peace paWorldBeyondWar.org. Tariro yedu ndeyokuti, nekuunza vanhu vakawanda nemapoka musangano, tinogona kusimbisa uye kuwedzera, pane kukwikwidzana, masangano erugare aripo. Tinovimba kuti tinogona kutsigira basa remapoka akaita seMovement for the Abolition of War, uye kuti isu tinogona, semapoka uye vanhu, kushanda pasi rose.
Webhusaiti iri paWorldBeyondWar.org inoitirwa kupa maturusi ekudzidzisa: mavhidhiyo, mepu, mishumo, mapoinzi ekutaura. Isu tinoita nyaya ichipokana nepfungwa yekuti hondo inotidzivirira - pfungwa inokatyamadza, yakapihwa kuti nyika dzinopinda muhondo yakawanda dzinotarisana neruvengo zvakanyanya semhedzisiro. Ongororo yakaitwa pakutanga kwegore rino revanhu vari munyika makumi matanhatu neshanu vakawana US iri mukutungamira kukuru sezvo nyika yaitora njodzi huru kurunyararo pasi rose. Veterans vekuUS vari kuzviuraya muhuwandu hwerekodhi, muchikamu pamusoro pezvavakaita kuIraq neAfghanistan. Hondo dzedu dzekubatsira vanhu ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekutambura nerufu kuvanhu. Uye saka tinorambawo pfungwa yekuti hondo inogona kubatsira vanhu kwainorwirwa.
Isu tinoburitsawo nharo dzekuti hondo ine unzenza hwakadzama, muzukuru wekutanga uye kazhinji chikonzero che, kwete imwe nzira, kuponda rudzi; iyo hondo inoparadza nharaunda yedu yechisikigo, iyo hondo inoparadza rusununguko rwedu rwevanhu, uye kuti kungoendesa zvishoma zvezvatinoshandisa muhondo kune chimwe chinhu chinobatsira kunotiita vanodiwa pane kutya kutenderera pasirese. Chikamu chimwe nehafu muzana chezvinopedzerwa nenyika muhondo chingashandiswa kupedza nzara panyika. Hondo yakatora hupenyu hwemamiriyoni mazana maviri muzana ramakore rapfuura, asi zvakanaka zvingaitwe nezviwanikwa zvakakandwa muhondo zvinokunda uipi hwaigona kudziviswa nekupedza hondo. Chimwe chinhu, kana tikakurumidza kudzosera zviwanikwa zvehondo isu taizove nepfuti yedu yakanakisa pakuita chimwe chinhu kuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze epasi. Kuti pfungwa yedu ye "kuzvidzivirira" haisanganisire iyo inoratidza kuti taenda kure zvakadini pakugamuchira kusadzivirika kwezviri shure kwezvose zvinodzivirirwa uye zvinotyisa uye zvisingadzivirirwe zvachose sangano rehondo.
Takagamuchira hondo, tinoedza hondo dzakachipa, hondo dziri nani, kunyange hondo dzedivi rimwe chete, uye chii chatinowana? Isu tinowana yambiro kubva kune vanoremekedzwa vatsigiri vehondo kuti isu tave kutanga kuita hondo sechinyakare uye nekuisa mungozi yehondo dzisingaperi.
Kune rimwe divi iyi inyaya yezvaisatarisirwa kukwikwidzana nevaya vakatsvaga chokwadi pamusoro pekusikwa kwamwari ndokuzoguma nemukomana ari pamari pano, Charles Darwin. Nekune rumwe rutivi hazvitarisirwi zvachose. Mumwe purofesa paStanford University achangobva kuburitsa bhuku achipokana kuti hondo yakatinakira zvekuti tinofanira kugara tichiita kuti ienderere mberi. Iyo dhizaini yemakosi ekufunga kuburikidza netsinga dzemasoja edu anotsigirwa nemari academia uye activism.
Asi rudzi urwu rwekufunga rwuri kuramba rusingafadzirwe, uye ino inogona kunge iri nguva yekuifumura, kuishora, uye kujekesa mukuita manzwiro ari kukura akakurumbira achipokana nehondo, uye kuziva kwatakagumbura kuti dzimwe hondo dzinogona kudzivirirwa. , uye kana hondo dzakati dzichigona kudzivirirwa ipapo imwe neimwe yadzo inogona kudzivirirwa. Ndinotarisira kushanda pachirongwa ichocho, nekukasira kwachinoda, uye nemi mose.
