Nei kuchera uranium, simba renyukireya, uye mabhomba eatomu ese ari nhanho munzira yekuparadza

NaCymry Gomery, Murongi weMontréal we World BEYOND War, Pressenza, November 27, 2022

Op-ed iyi yakafemerwa nemharidzo yakaitwa naDr. Gordon Edwards ve Canadian Coalition yeNuclear Responsibility Musi waNovember 16, 2022.

Kupokana kweRussia neUkraine kune vakawanda vari kunetsekana kuti tiri padanho rehondo yenyukireya. Putin akadaro isa nyuki dzeRussia payakangwarira uye Mutungamiri Biden vakayambira zvakashata mwedzi wapfuura nezve njodzi ye nuclear “Amagedhoni”. Guta reNew York rakavhundutsa nyika nezvayo Psa pamusoro pekuti ungapona sei pakurwisa kwenyukireya, uku Doomsday Clock ingori 100 seconds kusvika pakati pehusiku.

Zvisinei, mabhomba enyukireya anongova ekupedzisira munhevedzano yezvigadzirwa nezviitwa zvine chokuita—migodhi yeuranium, simba renyukireya, uye mabhomba enyukireya—ayo kugadzirwa kwawo kwakavakirwa muidi rokuti kunzwisisa kwomunhu kwetsika dzenyika kunosarira shure zvikuru nounyanzvi hwedu hwokugadzira zvinhu. Iwo ose misungo yebudiriro.

Chii chinonzi musungo wekufambira mberi?

Murangariro wokufambira mberi unowanzorangarirwa nenzira yakanaka munzanga yokuMadokero. Kana tikakwanisa kuwana nzira itsva yekuita chimwe chinhu nekukurumidza, nekuedza kushoma, tinonzwa kufara. Nekudaro, maonero aya akadanwa mubvunzo naRonald Wright mubhuku rake ra2004 Nhoroondo Pfupi Yekufambira Mberi. Wright anotsanangura musungo wekufambira mberi se” nhevedzano yebudiriro iyo, pakusvika kumwero wakati, inotungamirira kungwavaira. Ngozi dzacho hadziwanzoonekwa nguva isati yakwana. Shaya dzeriva dzinovhurika zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinokwezva, zvobva zvavharika nekukurumidza. "

Wright anotaura nezvekuvhima semuenzaniso wekutanga, nekuti vanhu pavakagadzira maturusi ainyatsogona kuuraya mhuka dzakawanda, vakapedzisira vapedza chikafu chavo ndokuziya nenzara. Nekukura kwemaindasitiri, kuvhima kwakatsiviwa mapurazi emafekitari, iyo inoratidzika yakasiyana zvikuru, asi chaizvoizvo yaingova imwe vhezheni yeriva rekufambira mberi. Mapurazi emafekitari haangokonzeri kutambura kukuru kumhuka chete, anokuvadzwawo nevanhu: Vanhu vari munyika dzakabudirira vanodya macalorie akawandisa, zvekudya zvisingakodzeri vanhu, uye vanowanzofa negomarara nezvirwere zvine chekuita nekufutisa.

Zvino ngatitarisei kucherwa kweuranium, simba renyukireya uye mabhomba enyukireya muchiedza ichi.

Iyo Uranium migodhi yekufambira mberi musungo

Uranium, heavy metal yaive yakawanikwa muna 1789, yakatanga kushandiswa seruvara rwegirazi nehari. Zvisinei, pakupedzisira vanhu vakawana kuti uranium inogona kushandiswa kuita nyukireya fission, uye kubvira 1939 pfuma iyoyo inoshamisa yakashandiswa kubudisa simba renyukireya nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavagari vemo, uye kugadzira mabhomba ehondo. Ndiyo "kubudirira" chikamu chetsanangudzo yaWright (kana iwe wakanaka nekufunga zvese kuchengetedza vanhu vachidziya nekuvauraya semhedzisiro inodiwa).

Canada ndiyo inonyanya kutengesa uranium pasi rose, uye migodhi mizhinji iri kuChamhembe uko nharaunda dzeInuit - kazhinji idzo dzakashomeka uye dzine simba rezvematongerwo enyika muCanada - dzinosangana neguruva reuranium, miswe, nedzimwe njodzi.


Njodzi dzemisara yeuranium, kubva kuna Dr. Gordon Edwards mupiro

Kucherwa kweUranium inogadzira guruva reradioactive kuti vashandi vanogona kufema kana kumedza netsaona, zvichikonzera kenza yemapapu negomarara remapfupa. Nokufamba kwenguva, vashandi kana vanhu vanogara pedyo nemugodhi weuranium vanogona kuratidzirwa kune zvakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza nhengo dzavo dzomukati, kunyanya itsvo. Zvidzidzo zvemhuka vanoti uranium inokanganisa kubereka, mwana ari kukura, uye inowedzera njodzi yeleukemia negomarara retishu.

Izvi zvinotyisa zvakakwana; zvisinei musungo wekufambira mberi unowanikwa kana munhu akafunga nezvehafu yeupenyu hweuranium, nguva yainoora uye inoburitsa gamma mwaranzi (electromagnetic radiation yatinozivawo seX-rays). Uranium-238, iyo yakajairika fomu, ine hafu yehupenyu hwe4.46 bhiriyoni makore.

Nemamwe mashoko, kana uranium yaunzwa kumusoro kuburikidza nemugodhi, bhokisi rePandora remwaranzi rinoburitswa panyika, mwaranzi inogona kukonzera kenza inouraya nezvimwe zvirwere, kwemabhiriyoni emakore. Ndiyo musungo webudiriro ipapo. Asi handiyo nyaya yese. Iyi uranium haisati yapera basa rayo rinoparadza. Iko zvino inogona kushandiswa kugadzira simba renyukireya uye mabhomba enyukireya.

Musungo wekufambira mberi kwesimba reNyukireya

Simba renyukireya rakanzi isimba rakachena nekuti hariburitse magreenhouse gasses (GHG). Zvisinei, iri kure nekuchena. Muna 2003, chidzidzo chakaburitswa nevamiriri venyukireya kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology chakaratidza mari, kuchengeteka, kuwanda, uye marara se“zvinetso zvisina kugadziriswa” zvina zvine simba renyukireya.

Tsvina yemwaranzi inogadzirwa panguva yenguva dzose kushanda kwezvigayo zveuranium, nzvimbo dzekugadzira mafuta, mareactor, uye zvimwe zvigayo zvenyukireya; kusanganisira panguva yekubvisa mabasa. Inogonawo kugadzirwa nekuda kwetsaona dzenyukireya.

Tsvina yemwaranzi inoburitsa mwaranzi yeionizing, inokuvadza masero emunhu nemhuka uye zvinhu zvinongowanikwa. Kuwedzera kwemazinga ekusangana nemwaranzi yeionizing kunokonzera kukurumidza kuoneka kukuvara kwetishu; mazinga akaderera anogona kutungamirira kugomarara, kukuvara kwemajini, chirwere chemoyo uye immune system kusagadzikana makore mazhinji mushure mekuratidzwa.

Hurumende yeCanada ingaite kuti titende kuti tsvina ine radioactive inogona "kugadziriswa" kuburikidza nematongerwo akasiyana siyana, asi yaive hubris uye kufunga kwekunyepedzera kwakatisvitsa pakuti tine marara eradioactive. Uye zvakare pane mamiriro ehupfumi - simba renyukireya riri kudhura zvakanyanya kugadzira- uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Gordon Edwards anonyora,

"Kuisa mari munyukireya kunovhara mari kwemakumi emakore pasina kupa chero mabhenefiti kusvika maactor apera uye agadzirira kuenda. Izvi zvinomiririra makumi emakore ekunonoka umo kuburitswa kweGHG kuri kuwedzera kusingamisiki. Munguva iyi dambudziko remamiriro ekunze riri kuramba richiwedzera. Kunyange apo guta guru rinozobhadharwa pakupedzisira, zvizhinji zvacho zvinofanira kucherechedzwa nokuda kwebasa rinodhura rokubata netsvina yemwaranzi inobudisa mwaranzi uye kubvisa marobhoti zvimiro zvemwaranzi. Iyo inyanzvi uye yehupfumi quagmire. Kwete mari chete, asiwo mari yezvematongerwo enyika inobatanidzwa muchiteshi chenyukireya kwete icho chinofanira kunge chiri chekutanga - kuderedza magasi egreenhouse nekukurumidza uye zvachose. "

Kuita kuti zvinhu zvitonyanya kuipa, zvirongwa zvakawanda zvemagetsi enyukireya zvakasiiwa mumakore apfuura, sezvakaratidzwa mumepu iyi yeUS

Saka simba renyukireya zvakare musungo wekufambira mberi. Zvakadaro, kune dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira simba — mhepo, zuva, hydro, geothermal – izvo zvisingadhure. Nekudaro, kunyangwe dai simba renyukireya riri iro rakachipa simba, ringadai richiri patafura kune chero maneja weprojekiti akakodzera munyu wake, nekuti ndizvo. kusvibisa zvakanyanya, kunosanganisira njodzi yenjodzi dzenyukireya dzakatoitika Fukushima uye Chernobyl, uye nekuti kuramba kwenyukireya tsvina chepfu uye inouraya vanhu nemhuka.

Uyewo, tsvina yenyukireya inobudisa plutonium, iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira mabhomba enyukireya—danho rinotevera mu“kufambira mberi” kunopfuurira.

Musungo wekufambira mberi kwebhomba renyukireya

Hongu, zvasvika kune izvi. Vanhu vanokwanisa kudzima zvipenyu zvose paNyika nekudzvanya kwebhatani. Kushupika kwevaMadokero nekukunda uye kusimba kwakatungamira kune mamiriro ezvinhu apo isu takabata rufu asi takundikana muhupenyu. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso wekupedzisira wehungwaru hwetekinoroji yemunhu inodarika shanduko yemanzwiro uye yemweya.

Kuvhurwa netsaona kwekombi kunogona kutungamira kunjodzi huru yehutano hwepasi rose munhoroondo yakanyorwa. Hondo inoshandisa isingasviki hafu yezvombo zvenyukireya zveIndia nePakistan chete yaizosimudza chin’ai chitema chakakwana uye ivhu mudenga kuti rikonzere nguva yechando yenyukireya. Mubhuku rake Raira uye Kudzora, munyori Eric Schlosser anonyora kuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvinogovera sei chaanodana kuti “kunyepedzera kwokuchengeteka,” nepo, kutaura idi, zvichipa ngozi chaiyoiyo nemhaka yetyisidziro yokuputika netsaona. Schlosser anonyora kuti mazana ezviitiko zvinosanganisira zvombo zvenyukireya zvakapotsa zvaparadza sei nyika yedu netsaona, kuvhiringidzika, kana kusanzwisisa.

Imwe nzira yekubuda mukuparadzana kwakavimbiswa (saka yakashandurwa seMAD) musungo watakagadzira iChibvumirano cheKurambidzwa kweNuclear Weapons (TPNW), icho chakatanga kushanda muna 2021, uye chakasainwa nenyika makumi mapfumbamwe neimwe uye chakabvumidzwa ne91. .Zvisinei, nyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya hadzisati dzasaina, uyewo hadzisati dzasaina nyika dziri muNATO seCanada.


Nyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya (www.icanw.org/nuclear_arsenals)

Kana zvasvika kuzvombo zvenyukireya, kune nzira mbiri dziri pamberi kuvanhu. Pane imwe nzira, nyika, imwe-ne-imwe, ichabatana neTPNW, uye zvombo zvenyukireya zvichabviswa. Kune rimwe divi, imwe kana kupfuura yehondo 13,080 dziri munyika ichashandiswa, zvichikonzera kutambura kukuru nerufu uye zvichipinza nyika muchando chenyukireya.

Kune vamwe vanoti isu tine sarudzo yekuve vane tariro, kwete vanouraya, asi iyo idichotomy yenhema nekuti tariro uye fatalism mativi maviri emari imwe chete. Avo vanotenda zvese zvakanaka, uye isu tiri nani pane zvatakamboita, à the Steven Pinker, anogumisa kuti hapana chiito chinodiwa. Vaya vanodavira kuti zvose hazvina tariro vanosvika pamhedziso imwe cheteyo.