NaAnn Wright, Gunyana 13, 2019
"Nyika yedu idiki kwazvo zvekuti tinofanirwa kugara murunyararo" akadaro mukuru wesangano remadzimai evarwi vemauto muYakutsk, Siberia, Far East Russia ndokudaidzira "vanaamai kuti vabatane kurwisa hondo," pfungwa iyo, kunyangwe zviito revatongi vedu vezvematongerwo enyika nevatungamiriri vehurumende, ndeimwe yeakawanda tambo dzakajairika dzinogovanwa nevanhuwo zvavo vekuRussia nevanhuwo zvavo vekuAmerica
Kuenda kuFar East Russia
Ini ndanga ndiri kuRussia Far East, muguta reYakutsk sechimwe chikamu cheCentre for Citizens Initiatives mugari kuenda kune vagari vezvekudyara chirongwa. Nhume ye45-munhu kubva kuUnited States yakanga yapedza mazuva mashanu ekutaurirana muMoscow nehunyanzvi hwehupfumi hweRussia, hwematongerwo enyika nezvekudzivirirwa nezve ongororo yavo yeRussia yanhasi, vakaumbwa muzvikwata zvidiki uye vakadzingira kumaguta e20 muRussia yose kusangana nevanhu uye kudzidza nezvehupenyu hwavo, tariro yavo uye zviroto zvavo.
Pandakakwira nendege yeS7 ichibva kuMoscow, ndakafunga kuti ndinofanira kunge ndakakwira ndege isiri iyo. Zvaiita kunge ndainanga kuBishkek, Kyrgyzstan pachinzvimbo cheYakutsk, Sakha, Siberia! Sezvo ini ndaienda kuFar East Russia, ini ndanga ndakatarisira kuti vazhinji vevatakuri vaizove veAsia verudzi rweimwe mhando, kwete veEuropean maRussia, asi ini ndaisatarisira kuti vaizotaridzika zvakanyanya sedzinza reKyrgyz kubva kuCentral Asia nyika yeKyrgyzstan.
Ndipo pandakaburuka mundege muYakutsk, maawa matanhatu nenzvimbo nhanhatu-nguva gare gare, ndakanga ndiri mune imwe nguva warp yakadzoka makore makumi maviri nemashanu kuenda ku1994 pandakasvika muKyrgyzstan kwema US maviri semadiplomaulendo.
Guta reYakutsk raitaridzika seguta reBishkek nemhando imwechete yezvivakwa zveSoviet zvivakwa, zvine pombi dzakafanana pamusoro pevhu kudziisa zvivakwa zvese. Uye sekuona kwandakaita mukati memazuva matatu ndichisangana nevanhu mudzimba dzavo, mamwe eakare-ekare eSoviet dzimba dzemafurati ane mwenje wakareruka, usina kukwiridzirwa, asi kamwe mukati memafurati, kudziya uye runako rwevagari zvaizopenya.
Asi semumativi ese eRussia, shanduko yezvehupfumi yemakore makumi maviri neshanu apfuura zvichitevera kuparara kweSoviet Union yakashandura hupenyu hwese hwevanhu vemuRussia. Kufamba kwekutanga kwema1990 kune capitalism pamwe nekushambadzira kwehukuru hweSoviet hurumende maindasitiri uye kuvhurwa kwemabhizinesi madiki epakati nepakati akaunza kuvaka kutsva munharaunda yemabhizimusi pamwe nedzimba dzevapakati vepakati vachichinja kutaridzika kwemaguta Rashiya. Kuunzwa kwezvinhu, zvekushandisa uye chikafu kubva kuWestern Europe kwakavhura hupfumi kune vakawanda. Zvisinei, varapi vemudyandigere uye avo vari kumaruwa vane mari shoma vakawana hupenyu hwavo hwakaoma uye vazhinji vanoshuvira mazuva eSoviet Union kwavanonzwa kuve vakachengeteka mune zvehupfumi nerubatsiro rwehurumende.
Hondo Yenyika II Yakayeukwa Zvakajeka: Kupfuura 26 Mamiriyoni Akafa
Honzeri dzeHondo Yenyika yechipiri dzichiri kunzwikwa kumaRussia munyika yese kusanganisira neRussia Far East. Kupfuura 26 mamirioni vagari veSoviet Union vakaurayiwa maNazi eGerman paakapinda. Mukupesana, mazana mana ezviuru zvevanhu vekuAmerica vakaurayiwa mumitambo yeEuropean nePacific yeHondo Yenyika II. Mhuri yega yega yeSoviet yakabatwa nenhengo dzemhuri dzakaurayiwa uye mhuri dzese muSoviet Union dzichitambura nekushaya chikafu. Zvizhinji zvekuda nyika muRussia nhasi zvinotarisana nekurangarira chibairo chakakura makore makumi manomwe apfuura kuti vadzore kupinda kweNazi nekukomba uye kuzvipira kusatendera imwe nyika kuisa Russia mumamiriro akadaro zvekare.
Kunyangwe Yakutsk yaive nhanhatu nzvimbo uye 3,000 maira emhepo kana 5400 kutyaira mamaira kubva kumadokero kumberi padyo neSt.Petersburg nenyika dzekumabvazuva dzeEurope dzakakombwa, huwandu hwevanhu veSoviet Far East vakaunganidzwa kuti vabatsire kudzivirira nyika. Muzhizha rekutanga kwema1940, majaya akaisirwa zvikepe panzizi dzaiyerera kuchamhembe kuenda kuArctic ndokutumirwa kutenderera kumberi.
Kusangana Veterans muRussia
Sezvo ini ndiri murwi weuto reUS, varwi vangu vakaronga kuti ndisangane nemapoka maviri anehukama nemauto muYakutsk.
Maria Emelyanova ndiye mukuru muYakutsk weKomiti yeVarwi Vanamai veRussia, sangano rakaumbwa muna 1991 mushure mekudzoka kwemauto eSoviet kubva kuAfghanistan muna 1989 uye aishanda zvakanyanya panguva yeChitatu Chechen Hondo (1994-96) apo vanofungidzirwa kuti zviuru zvitanhatu zvemasoja eRussia akaurayiwa uye pakati pevanhu zviuru makumi matatu kusvika zviuru mazana maviri vekuChechen vakafa mukukonana.
Maria akataura kuti hutsinye hwehondo yeChechen sekuonekwa paRussia TV hwakaita kuti vakadzi vaviri vemuYakutsk vafe nekunetseka kwemoyo. Majaya e40 anobva mudunhu reYakutia akaurayiwa muChechnya.
Ndakabvunza nezvekubatanidzwa kweRussia muSyria iye ndokupindura kuti mukuziva kwake hapana mauto epasi eRussia ari muSyria asi Mauto Emuchirimo aripo uye vanoverengeka vemaRussia vakaurayiwa apo US yakatumira chombo mune Air Force base muSyria. Akati kufa nekuparadzwa kweSyria kunotyisa. Maria akawedzera, "Nyika yedu idiki kwazvo zvekuti tinofanirwa kugara murunyararo" uye akadaidzira "vanaamai kuti vabatane kurwisa hondo," izvo zvinotsigirwa nemapoka mazhinji eAmerica, kusanganisira maVeterans eRunyararo neMhuri dzeMasoja Vanotaura.
Anosungirwa basa remauto muRussia igore rimwe uye sekutaura kwaMaria, mhuri hadzirwisane nevechidiki kuti vadzidziswe zvechiuto sezvo ichivapa kuraira nemikana iri nani yebasa mushure megore rimwe rebasa- rakafanana nepfungwa dzakapihwa nemhuri zhinji dzeUS-- uye vekare veterans vanopihwa mabasa muUS.
Ndakakudzwa kusangana naRaisa Fedorova, mukadzi ane makore 95 okuberekwa murwi weuto reSoviet muHondo Yenyika II. Raisa akashanda makore matatu muchikamu chekudzivirira chemhepo chakachengetedza mapaipi emafuta akatenderedza Baku, Azerbaijan. Akaroora murume anobva kuYakutsk ndokuenda kuSiberia uko kwavakarerera vana vavo. Iye mutungamiri wesangano revakarwa Hondo Yenyika II vakanzi Katusha (zita redombo) kirabhu uye anotaura kakawanda kuvana vechikoro nezve zvinotyisa nekuparadza kweHondo Yenyika II kuRussia nevanhu veRussia. Iye nevamwe vekare vanoremekedzwa munharaunda mavo nekuda kwezvipingamupinyi zvakakura zvakasangana nezera ravo mukukunda maNazi.
Ndege dzeUS dzakabhururuka kubva kuAlaska kuenda kuRussia neveSoviet Pilots
Mumazuva ano emhirizhonga pakati peRussia neUnited States, vazhinji vanokanganwa kuti munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, pasi pechirongwa cheRent Lease, United States yakawedzera zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwayo kwemaindasitiri kupa ndege nendege kumauto eSoviet kuti vakunde maNazi. Yakutsk yakaita chinzvimbo chakakosha muchirongwa ichi sezvo yakava imwe yenzvimbo dzekumira dzendege mazana masere dzakagadzirwa muUnited States ndokuendeswa kuFairbanks, Alaska nevatyairi vekuAmerican uko vatyairi veSoviet vanosangana navo uye vozobhururutsa ndege iyi makiromita 800 pamusoro yakasarudzika Siberia kune mabheseni muCentral Russia.
Fairbanks neYakutsk yakave masista maguta kuburikidza nehukama uhwu uye imwe neimwe ine chiitiko kune vatyairi vekuUS neRussia avo vakabhururutsa ndege.
Zvigadziriso zvekugadzira nhandare munzvimbo dze9 muSiberia nemafuta ekugadzirisa uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza kutsigira ndege zvaishamisa.
Munyori wenhoroondo uye munyori Ivan Efimovich Negenblya weYakutsk anozivikanwa, ane masimba pasi rese pachirongwa ichi uye akanyora mabhuku masere nezvekubatana kunoshamisa makore makumi manomwe nemashanu apfuura pakati peUS nehurongwa hweSoviet kurwisa muvengi akafanana.
Madzinza Emapoka uye Nyika
Vanhu vanogara munzvimbo yeYakutsk vanoshamisa senyika yakasarudzika yavanogara. Ivo vanobva kumarudzi mazhinji emadzinza akaunzwa pamwechete pasi peSoviet system kuburikidza nedzidzo mumutauro wechiRussia. Zviitiko zvetsika zvinoita kuti madzinza ararame. Kuimba, mimhanzi, mhizha uye zvipfeko zvedzinza rega rega zvinokosheswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo yeYakutsk.
Kusiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeRussia uko vechidiki vari kutama kubva mumisha kuenda kumaguta, huwandu hwevanhu veYakutsk vari kuramba vakadzikama mazana matatu ezviuru. Hurumende yemubatanidzwa yeRussia iri kupa munhu wega wega muRussia hectare imwe yenzvimbo yemubatanidzwa muSiberia isina vanhu kuti vagare munzvimbo iyi uye kubvisa kushushikana kumaguta. Mhuri dzinogona kusanganisa mahekita avo kuita huwandu hwenzvimbo yekurima kana mamwe mabhizinesi. Mumwe mugari akati mwanakomana wake nemhuri yake vawana ivhu idzva ravachatorera mabhiza sezvo nyama yemabhiza inodyiwa zvakanyanya kupfuura yemombe. Iyo ivhu inofanirwa kuratidza imwe nhanho yekugara uye kugadzirwa mukati memakore mashanu kana ichidzoserwa padziva repasi.
People's Party yeVakadzi veRussia inotungamirwa muYakutsk inobatsira vakadzi nemhuri muYakutsk pamwe neArctic kuchamhembe nezvirongwa zvekuchengeta vana, kudhakwa, mhirizhonga mudzimba. Angelina akaudza achidada nezvekufambiswa kwevakadzi vachienda kuchamhembe mumisha iri kure kuti vabate "master class" mune dzakasiyana misoro. Iri boka riri kushanda pasirese nezviratidziro kumisangano muMongolia uye inoda kuwedzera vayo vaunosangana navo muUnited States.
Vechidiki veRussia Vanonetsekana Nezvehupfumi
Mukukurukurirana nevechidiki vechidiki, vese vaive vakabatikana panharembozha yavo, sezvakaita vechidiki muUnited States, ramangwana ravo rehupfumi rakanyanya kunetsa. Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika aifarira, asi ainyanya kufunga nezvekuti vezvematongerwo enyika vaizogadzirisa sei hupfumi hwakamira. Muchiitiko chitsva, vanhu vemuRussia uye mhuri vari kuenda muchikwereti kuti vasangane nemari yemwedzi nemwedzi. Kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvekutengesa nekutenga pachikwereti, zvakajairika muUS uko dzimba dzakatakura 50% chikwereti, chinhu chitsva chehupenyu munharaunda yemagariro yemakore 25. Chimbadzo pazvikwereti chingangoita makumi maviri muzana saka kana uchinge uine chikwereti pasina kuwedzera mune hupfumi, chikwereti chinoramba chichiwedzera kusiya mhuri diki nenzira yakaoma yekubuda kunze kwekunge hupfumi hwenyika hwasimudza. Mukukurukura nezveNational Plan umo madhora mazana mana emadhora achashandiswa pazvivakwa, hutano nedzidzo kusimudzira hupfumi, vamwe vaibvunza kuti mari ichashandiswa kupi, ndeapi makambani anowana zvibvumirano, zvichiratidza kusahadzika kuti hupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva huchavandudza uye kuti huwandu hwehuwori hungadya chikamu chakanaka cheNational Plan.
Hapana Wezvematongerwo enyika Anodzivirira muYakutsk
Pakave pasina kuratidzira kwezvematongerwo enyika muYakutsk senge zvakaitika muMoscow. Kuratidzira kuchangobva kuitika kwaive pamusoro pekufungidzirwa kubatwa chibharo kwemusikana wechiYakutsk nemurume wechiKyrgyz. Izvi zvakaunza nyaya dzekutama kweKyrgyz kuenda kuRussia uye kunyanya kuYakutia mukutarisisa kwakazara. Russia yakabvumidza Kyrgyz kutamira kuYakutia kunotsvaga mabasa. Mutauro weKyrgyz wakanangana neTurkey semutauro wechiYakut. Sezvo republic yeyaimbova Soviet Union, vagari veKyrgyzstan havangotaura chete Kyrgyz asiwo Russian. Kazhinji, iyo Kyrgyz inosangana zvakanaka munharaunda yeYakutia, asi chiitiko ichi chaunza kusagadzikana kubva mubumbiro rekupinda muRussia.
IUS muvengi weRussia here?
Ndakabvunza mubvunzo, "Unofunga kuti US muvengi weRussia here?" kuvanhu vazhinji muMoscow uye kuYakutsk. Hapana kana munhu mumwe akati "hongu." Mashoko akazara aiti "Tinoda vanhu vekuAmerica asi isu hatidi mimwe mitemo yehurumende yenyu." Vakawanda vakati vakavhiringidzika kuti sei hurumende yeRussia ingadai yakafungisisa musarudzo dze2016 dzeUS vachiziva kuti kudonha kwevakadai kungave kwakaipa - uye nekudaro, havana kutenda kuti hurumende yavo yakazviita.
Vamwe vakati zvirango zvakaiswa neUS kuRussia kuti Crimea iwedzerwe muna 2014 uye kupindira musarudzo dzeUS muna 2016 kwakaita kuti Mutungamiri Putin afarirwe uye amupe simba rekutungamira nyika. Hapana munhu akabvunza kuwedzerwa seasina kukodzera kana zvisiri pamutemo sezvo Crimea yakabata zvine hungwaru zvigaro zvemauto izvo zvaizotyisidzirwa nerorudyi-bapiro rorudzi rwekuUkraine vanoita mhirizhonga. Ivo vakati Putin akasimuka kuUS achiita zvaanoona zvakanakira kuchengetedzeka kwenyika yeRussia uye hupfumi hweRussia.
Vakati hupenyu pasi pehutongi hwaPutin hwakagadzikana uye kusvika makore matatu apfuura, hupfumi hwaifambira mberi. Kirasi yepakati yakasimba yakabuda kubva mukusagadzikana kwema1990. Kutengeswa kweJapanese neSouth Korea mota kwakawedzera. Hupenyu mumaguta hwakashandurwa. Zvisinei, hupenyu mumaruwa hwakanga hwakaoma uye vazhinji vakatama kubva mumisha vachienda kumaguta kuitira basa nemikana yakakura. Vakura pamudyandigere vanoona kurarama pamudyandigere wehurumende kunge kwakaoma. Vakuru vanogara nevana vavo. MuRussia hamuna kana nzvimbo dzekuchengeta vakuru. Wese munhu ane mainishuwarenzi ehutano kuburikidza nehurumende kunyangwe makiriniki akazvimiririra ekurapa ari kukura kune avo vane zviwanikwa zvemari kuti vabhadhare kuchengetwa kwega Kunyangwe hazvo michina yekurapa nemishonga inofanirwa kunge isingabhadharwe pazvirango, zvirango zveUS zvakakanganisa kugona kuunza mimwe michina yekurapa.
Rotary Makirabhu Anounza maAmerican nemaRussia pamwechete
Vandinogashira muYakutsk vaive nhengo dzeRotary Club International. Rotary makirabhu anga ari muRussia kubva kuma1980s maAmerican Rotarians paakashanyira mhuri dzeRussia kuburikidza neCentre for Citizens Initiatives ndokudzorera nekukoka maRussia kuti vashanyire US Ikozvino pane zvitsauko makumi matanhatu zveRotary muRussia. Rotary International ine yakabatana nemayunivhesiti masere kutenderera pasirese kugadzira Rotary Centers yeInternational Zvidzidzo murunyararo nekugadzirisa kusawirirana. Rotary inopa mari kune makumi manomwe neshanu gore rega rega kwemakore maviri ekupedza kudzidza mune imwe yemayunivhesiti masere kutenderera pasirese.
Musangano unotevera wepasi rose weRotary International uchaitwa muna June 2020 ku Honolulu uye isu tinovimba kuti shamwari kubva kuRotary zvitsauko muRussia vachakwanisa kuwana mavisa kuenda kuUS kuti vagone kuenda.
PermaICE, Kwete Permafrost !!!
Munguva yechando, Yakutsk inonzi iguta rinotonhora kwazvo pasi pano panguva ine avhareji tembiricha ye -40 degrees Centigrade. Guta rinogara pamusoro pemafrostrost, iyo 100 metres kusvika kune imwe nehafu kilometre rakakora gumbeze rechando iro rakangogara tsoka dzinoverengeka pasi pevhu kuchamhembe kweSiberia, Alaska, Canada neGreenland. Permafrost izita risiri iro sekufunga kwangu. Inofanirwa kunzi iyo PermaICE sechando chayo, kwete chando ndiyo hombe pasi pevhu yakavanda pasi pemamita mashoma epasi.
Sezvo kudziya kwepasi kuri kupisa pasi, iyo glacier iri kutanga kunyungudika. Kuvaka kunotanga kunyora uye kunyura. Kuvaka ikozvino kunoda kuti zvivakwa zvivakwe pamapilings kuti zvidzivise pasi uye kudzivirira kudziyisa kwavo kubva mukupa mukunyungudika kwePermaICE. Girazi rakakura repasi pevhu rikanyungudika, kwete chete maguta epamhenderekedzo dzepasi achazadzwa nemvura, asi mvura inenge ichiyerera zvakadzika mumakondinendi. Iyo permafrost miziyamu yakavezwa kubva mugomo rechando kumucheto kweYakutsk inopa mukana wekuona nekukura kweiyo iceberg kuchamhembe kwepasi kunogara. Mifananidzo yechando yemadingindira ehupenyu hweYakutian inoita iyo mamuseum yakave yakasarudzika kwazvo yandati ndamboona.
Woolly Mammoths Akachengetedzwa muPermaICE
Iyo permafrost inobatsira kune chimwe chakasarudzika chimiro cheYakutia. Kuvhima mhuka dzekare dzakatenderera pasi makumi ezviuru zvemakore apfuura kunoitirwa pano. Ipo gwenga reGobi reMongolia rakabata zvisaririra zvemadinosaurs nemazai avo, iyo permafrost yeYakutia yakateya zvisaririra zvemweya wemvere. Kufambisa kuenda kunzvimbo yakakura yenzvimbo inonzi Sakha, iyo Yakutia iri chikamu, vakabudirira mukuwana zvakasarudzika zvakasarudzika zvemammoth, akanyatso chengetedzwa zvekuti ropa rakayerera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kune imwe chitunha payakakwidzwa kubva muguva rayo rine chando mu2013. Masayendisiti akatora sampuli yenyama uye vari kuiongorora. Ichishandisa sampuro yenyama yakachengetedzwa, veSouth Korea masayendisiti ari kuyedza kuumbiridza mammoth ane mvere!
“Nyika Yedu Idiki Zvakanyanya Kuti Tinofanira Kugara Mune Runyararo”
Pazasi pekugara kwangu muYakutsk, Far East Russia, yaive yekuti maRussia, sevanhu vekuAmerican, vanoda kuti kunetsana pakati pevamiriri veUS neRussia nevatungamiriri vehurumende kugadziriswe pasina kudeuka kweropa.
Sokutaura kwakaita Maria Emelyanova, mukuru weKomiti yeVanaamai vemauto eRussia akati, "Nyika yedu idiki kwazvo zvekuti tinofanira kugara murunyararo."
Ann Wright akashanda makore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe muUS Army / Mauto Anochengetedza uye akarega basa seColonel. Aive mumiriri weUS kwemakore gumi nematanhatu uye akasiya chigaro muna 29 achipesana nehondo yeUS kuIraq.
