NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, October 7, 2022
Ndangoverenga Mukutsvaga Monsters Kuparadza naChristopher J. Coyne. Rakadhindwa ne Independent Institute (rinoita serakatsaurirwa kubhadharisa vapfumi mutero, kuparadza socialism, zvichingodaro). Iri bhuku rinotanga nekutaura sepesvedzero vese vamiriri verunyararo uye rightwing economists.
Dai ndaifanira kuisa zvikonzero zvandinoda kupedza hondo, yekutanga ingadai iri kudzivirira kuparadza kwenyukireya, uye yechipiri inenge iri kuisa mari mune socialism panzvimbo. Kudzorera kunyange chikamu chiduku chekushandisa kwehondo mukuda kwevanhu uye kwezvakatipoteredza kwaizoponesa hupenyu huzhinji kupfuura hondo dzose dzakatora, kuvandudza hupenyu huzhinji kupfuura hondo dzose dzakawedzera, uye kufambisa kubatana kwepasi rose mukudzvinyirira kusagadzirisa matambudziko (mamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo, zvirwere. , kushaya pokugara, urombo) izvo zvakatadzisa hondo.
Coyne anoshoropodza muchina wehondo nekuuraya nekukuvadza, mari yawo, huwori hwawo, kuparadzwa kwerusununguko rwevanhu, kuparara kwekuzvitonga, nezvimwewo, uye ndinobvumirana nazvo uye ndinoonga zvese izvozvo. Asi Coyne anoita seanofunga kuti zvimwe zvese zvinoitwa nehurumende (hutano, dzidzo, nezvimwewo) zvinosanganisira huipi humwe chete pamwero wakaderedzwa:
"Vazhinji vanopokana nezvezvirongwa zvehurumende yepamba (semuenzaniso, zvirongwa zvemagariro, hutano, dzidzo, zvichingodaro) uye yepakati simba rehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika rinobatwa nevanhu vakazvimiririra nemasangano (semuenzaniso, kugara zvakanaka kwemakambani, kubatwa kwemitemo, masimba ekutonga) vakagadzikana kumbundirana. zvirongwa zvehurumende zvakakura kana zvikawira pasi pechinangwa che'kuchengetedzwa kwenyika' uye 'kudzivirira.' Nekudaro, misiyano pakati pezvirongwa zvehurumende yepamba uye humambo ndeye dhigirii pane yemhando. "
Coyne, ndinofungidzira, angabvumirana neni kuti hurumende ingadai isina uori uye inoparadza kana mari yemauto ikaendeswa kune zvinodiwa nenzanga. Asi kana akaita semusununguko wese wandakambobvunza, anoramba kutsigira kunyange nzvimbo yekukanganisa yekuisa chikamu chemari yehondo mukuderedzwa kwemitero kune gazillionaires uye chikamu chayo, toti, hutano hwehutano. Senyaya yemusimboti, haaizokwanisa kutsigira mari yehurumende kunyangwe yaive mari shoma yehurumende, kunyangwe mushure memakore ese aya echokwadi akanyorwa ruzivo huipi hwekupa vanhu hutano hwakarambwa, kunyangwe huwori hwacho husina kunaka. uye kutambisa makambani einishuwarenzi ehutano eUS anokunda kure huwori uye kutambisa kweanobhadhara mumwe chete masisitimu munyika dzakawanda. Sezvinei nenyaya dzakawanda, kusvika pakushanda mudzidziso izvo zvakabudirira mukuita zvinoramba zviri chipingamupinyi chikuru kune vadzidzi veUS.
Zvakadaro, pane zvakawanda zvekubvumirana nazvo uye nemazwi mashoma ekusatenderana nawo mubhuku rino, kunyangwe zvinokurudzira zviri shure kwaro zvisinganzwisisike kwandiri. Coyne anopokana nekupindira kweUS muLatin America kuti vatadza kumanikidza hupfumi hweUS uye vakazvipa zita rakashata. Nemamwe mashoko, vakundikana maererano nezvavanoda. Icho chokwadi chekuti aya haasi mazwi angu, uye kuti ndinofara kuti vakundikana, haanyaradzi kutsoropodza.
Kunyange Coyne achitaura nezvekuuraya uye kutamiswa kwevanhu nehondo, anotarisa zvakanyanya pamutengo wemari - pasina, hongu, kuratidza zvingave zvakaitwa kuvandudza nyika nemari iyoyo. Zvakandinakira kusvika kwazvinoita. Asi anobva ati vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoda kukanganisa hupfumi vanozoita kunge vane masimba. Izvi zvinoita sezvisingatarise kuti hurumende dzine runyararo-inodzorwa nehupfumi kupfuura iyo US yave. Coyne haatauri humbowo hwekupikisa izvo zvinoita sezviri pachena.
Heino Coyne pamusoro pekupararira kwe "nyika inodzivirira": "[T] iye zviitiko zvekudzivirira nyika pesvedzero uye zvinokanganisa dzinenge nzvimbo dzese dzehupenyu hwepamba-hupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, uye zvemagariro. Muchimiro chayo chakanaka, iyo shoma inodzivirira inongosimbisa zvibvumirano, inopa chengetedzo yemukati kuchengetedza kodzero, uye inopa dziviriro yenyika kubva kutyisidzira kwekunze. " Asi chaanoyambira nezvacho chinoita sechinobva mugwaro rezana ramakore rechi 18 pasina hanya nemazana emakore echiitiko. Hapana kuwirirana kwepasirese pakati pesocialism uye hudzvanyiriri kana pakati pesocialism nemauto. Asi, Coyne anonyatso taura nezve mauto anoparadza rusununguko rwevanhu. Anopa nhoroondo huru yekutadza kwakanyanya kwehondo yeUS pazvinodhaka muAfghanistan. Anosanganisirawo chitsauko chakanaka pamusoro pengozi dzemhondi drones. Ndakafara zvikuru kuona izvozvo, sezvo zvinhu zvave zvakajairika uye zvakakanganikwa.
Nebhuku rega rega rinopesana nehondo, ndinoedza kutsvaga chero mazano ekuti munyori anofarira kubviswa here kana kungoita shanduko yehondo. Pakutanga, Coyne anoita seanongoda kudzoreredzwa, kwete kubviswa: "[T] anoona kuti mauto ezvematongerwo enyika ndiyo nzira huru yekuita hukama hwepasirese inofanira kubviswa kubva padanho rayo razvino." Saka inofanira kunge iri yechipiri nzira?
Coyne zvakare haaite kunge aita hurongwa chaihwo hwehupenyu pasina hondo. Anofarira mamwe marudzi ekuita runyararo rwepasirese, asi hapana kutaurwa nezvekuita mutemo wepasirese kana kugovana hupfumi hwepasirese - kutaura zvazviri, kupemberera chete kwenyika dzichifunga zvinhu pasina hutongi hwepasirese. Coyne anoda yaanoti "polycentric" kudzivirira. Izvi zvinoratidzika sezviyero zvidiki, zvakatemerwa munharaunda, nezvombo, kudzivirira kwechisimba kunotsanangurwa mune bhizinesi-chikoro jargon, asi isina kurongeka dziviriro isina pfuti:
"Munguva yebato rekodzero dzevanhu, varwiri veAfrica America vaisagona kutarisira nekuvimbika, dziviriro yakapihwa nehurumende kuvadzivirira kubva kumhirizhonga yemarudzi. Mukupindura, vanamuzvinabhizinesi munharaunda yeAfrica America vakaronga kuzvidzivirira kune varwi kudzivirira mhirizhonga. "
Dai wanga usingazive kuti Bato reCivil Rights rainyanya kubudirira kwevanamuzvinabhizinesi vane chisimba, chii chawanga uchiverenga?
Coyne anokanda mahara mumhemberero yekutenga pfuti - pasina chokwadi nhamba imwe chete, kudzidza, zvinyorwa zvepasi, kuenzanisa kwemhedzisiro pakati pevaridzi vepfuti nevasiri varidzi vepfuti, kana kuenzanisa pakati penyika.
Asi zvino - kushivirira kunobhadhara - pakupera kwebhuku, anowedzera pane zvisiri zvechisimba seimwe nzira ye "polycentric kudzivirira." Uye pano anokwanisa kutaura umboo chaihwo. Uye heino akakodzera kutaura:
"Pfungwa yekusaita mhirizhonga senzira yekuzvidzivirira ingaite seyisiri yechokwadi uye ine rudo, asi maonero aya angapesana nerekodhi rekodhi. Sokutaura kwakaita [Gene] Sharp, ‘Vanhu vakawanda havazivi kuti . . . nzira dzisiri dzechisimba dzokurwa dzakashandiswawo senzira huru yokuzvidzivirira nayo kune vapambi vedzimwe nyika kana kuti vapambi vehurumende.’ (54) Vakashandiswawo nemapoka akashongedzwa kuti vadzivirire uye vawedzere kodzero dzavo nerusununguko. Mumakumi emakore akati wandei apfuura, munhu anogona kuona mienzaniso yezvikuru-zvisina mhirizhonga muBaltics, Burma, Egypt, Ukraine, uye Arab Spring. Chinyorwa cha2012 mu Financial Times yakasimbisa 'kupararira kwemoto wesango wemhirizhonga isina mhirizhonga' pasi rose, ichiti izvi 'zvine chikwereti chikuru kukufunga kwakarongeka kwaGene Sharp, mudzidzi wekuAmerica ane bhuku rehudzvinyiriri, kubva kuDictatorship kuenda kuhudzvinyiriri. Democracy, ibhaibheri revanorwira kodzero kubva kuBelgrade kusvika kuRangoon.'(55) Audrius Butkevičius, aimbova gurukota rezvekudzivirirwa kwenyika reLithuania, anonyatso tora simba nezvinobvira zvekusaita mhirizhonga senzira yekuzvidzivirira kubva kuvagari paakati, 'Ndinoda iri bhuku [bhuku raGene Sharp, Civilian-Based Defense] kupfuura bhomba renyukireya.’”
Coyne anoenderera mberi achikurukura nezvehuwandu hwekubudirira kwekusaita mhirizhonga pamusoro pemhirizhonga. Saka mhirizhonga ichiri kuitei mubhuku? Uye zvakadini nehurumende yakaita seLithuania ichiita zvirongwa zvenyika zvekudzivirira kusina pfuti - izvo zvakasvibisa mweya yavo ye capitalist kupfuura kudzikinurwa? Inofanira kuitwa chete pamwero wevavakidzani zvichiita kuti isanyanya kusimba here? Kana kuti kudzivirira nyika isina zvombo idanho riri pachena rekufambisa nzira yakabudirira zvikuru yatinayo? Zvisinei, mapeji ekupedzisira aCoyne anoratidza danho rekubvisa hondo. Nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho, ndiri kusanganisira bhuku iri mune inotevera runyorwa.
CHINHU CHOKWADI CHINHU CHIKAMU CHIKAMU:
Mukutsvaga Zvikara Zvekuparadza naChristopher J. Coyne, 2022.
Huipi Hukuru Ihondo, naChris Hedges, 2022.
Kubvisa Mhirizhonga Yehurumende: Nyika Inopfuura Mabhomba, Miganhu, uye Cages naRay Acheson, 2022.
Kupesana neHondo: Kuvaka Tsika Yerunyararo naPapa Francis, 2022.
Ethics, Chengetedzo, uye Iyo Hondo-Muchina: Mutengo Wechokwadi Wemauto naNed Dobos, 2020.
Kunzwisisa Indasitiri yeHondo naChristian Sorensen, 2020.
Hapasisina Hondo naDan Kovalik, 2020.
Kusimba Kuburikidza NeRunyararo: Kuita Kubvisa Chiuto Kwakaunza Runyararo neMufaro muCosta Rica, uye Zvinogona Kudzidzwa Nenyika Yose kubva kuRudzi rudiki rweTropical, naJudith Eve Lipton naDavid P. Barash, 2019.
Social Defense naJørgen Johansen naBrian Martin, 2019.
Murder Incorporated: Bhuku Rechipiri: America's Favorite Pastime naMumia Abu Jamal naStephen Vittoria, 2018.
Vagadziri veRunyararo: Hiroshima uye Nagasaki Vapukunyuki Vanotaura naMelinda Clarke, 2018.
Kudzivirira Hondo uye Kusimudzira Runyararo: Gwaro reVashandi Vehutano rakagadziriswa naWilliam Wiist naShelley White, 2017.
Iyo Bhizinesi Chirongwa Cherunyararo: Kuvaka Nyika Isina Hondo naScilla Elworthy, 2017.
Hondo Haina Kungofa naDavid Swanson, 2016.
A Global Security System: Imwe nzira kune Hondo na World Beyond War, 2015, 2016, 2017.
Mhosva Yakasimba Kurwisa Hondo: Izvo America Yakapotsa muUS Nhoroondo Kirasi uye Zvatingaite (Tese) Zvino naKathy Beckwith, 2015.
Hondo: Mhosva Inopesana Nevanhu naRoberto Vivo, 2014.
Catholic Realism uye Kubviswa kweHondo naDavid Carroll Cochran, 2014.
Kubata Runyararo: Global Adventures yehupenyu Hwose Muratidziri naDavid Hartsough, 2014.
Hondo uye Kunyengedza: Kuongororwa Kwakakosha naLaurie Calhoun, 2013.
Shift: Kutanga kweHondo, Kupera kweHondo naJudith Hand, 2013.
Hondo Hapasisina: Nyaya Yekubviswa naDavid Swanson, 2013.
Kupera kweHondo naJohn Horgan, 2012.
Shanduko kuRunyararo naRussell Faure-Brac, 2012.
Kubva kuHondo kuenda kuRunyararo: Nhungamiro kuMakore Mazana Anotevera naKent Shifferd, 2011.
Hondo Inhema naDavid Swanson, 2010, 2016.
Kupfuura Hondo: Iyo Yemunhu Inokwanisa Runyararo naDouglas Fry, 2009.
Kurarama Beyond War naWinslow Myers, 2009.
Ropa Rakakwana Rateurwa: 101 Mhinduro dzeMhirizhonga, Kutyisa, uye Hondo naMary-Wynne Ashford naGuy Dauncey, 2006.
Planet Earth: The New Weapon of War naRosalie Bertell, 2001.
Vakomana Vachave Vakomana: Kutyora Chisungo Pakati peMasculinity neMhirizhonga naMyriam Miedzian, 1991.
