Kushandisa Condor Killers Vakadzidziswa paSouth Army School

NeBrett Wilkins, July 18, 2019

From Nharo Dzose

Vashanu vevarume ve24 akatongerwa vhiki rapera nedare reItaly kuhupenyu mujeri nekuda kwebasa ravo muhurumende ine utsinye uye ine ropa rinoshandiswa neUnited States Cold War kurwisana nevashambadzi veSouth America vakapedza kudzidza kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yakakurumbira yeSouth Army chikoro chaimbozivikanwa nekudzidzisa kutambudza, kuurayiwa, uye demokrasi kudzvinyirirwa.

PaJuly 8 vatongi muDare reKutsvaga reRome vakatongesa hurumende yekare yeBolivia, Chilean, Peruvia neUranoan uye vakuru vakuru veshure mushure mekunge vakawana mhosva yekubata uye kuuraya 23 vasiri veItaly muZ1970s ne1980 panguva Operation Condor, kurongedzwa kwakaitwa nehurumende dzehondo dzehondo dzakarurama muChile, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil-uye, gare gare, Peru neEcuador-zvichipikisa zvingangovhunduswa zvisiri izvo. Mushandirapamwe, unozivikanwa nekubvuta, kutambudzwa, kuparara uye kuponda, zvakanzi inofungidzirwa 60,000 upenyu, maererano neboka rekodzero dzevanhu. Vakatambudzirwa vaisanganisira vakasiyiwa varipo uye vamwe vakapikisa, vafundisi, vadzidzisi, vadzidzisi, vadzidzi, varimi uye vashandi vehurumende, uye vagari vomunharaunda.

Hurumende yeUnited States-inosanganisira mauto ehurumende neyemagetsi-akatsigirwa Operation Condor nemubatsiri wemauto, kuronga, uye rutsigiro rwekambani pamwe nekucherechedza nekudzidziswa kutambudzwa munguva yaJohnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter uye Reagan masangano. Zvakawanda zvekutsigirwa uku, izvo US kuedza kururamisa mukati memamiriro ekurwisana kwenyika yose yeCold War nekommunism, yakanga yakabva kuUnited States kuiswa muPanama. Yaiva ipapo iyo US Army yakazarura Chikoro cheAmerica mu1946, iyo yaizopedza 11 Latin America vakuru vehurumende pamusoro pemakumi emakore anotevera. Hapana mumwe wavo akazova mutungamiri wenyika yavo nemaitiro ehurumende, vatungamiri vanotungamira kuti vanyore SOA "School of Assassins" uye "School of Coups" nokuti yakabudisa zvakawanda zvezvose.

Soa anonyanya kuzivikanwa pakupedza kudzidza anosanganisira narco-kutengesa mutengesi wePanamani Manuel Noriega, mutongi wezvechiuto weGuatemalan Efraín Ríos Montt, Bolivia despot Hugo Banzer (inozivikanwa nokuda kwekuchengetedza hondo yeNazi mhosva yevapanduki Klaus Barbie), Haiti mutungamiri wemauto uye mutongi wezvematongerwe enyika Raoul Cédras neArginia simba Leopoldo Galtieri, uyo akatungamirira munguva ye "Dirty War" yenyika yake makumi makumi ezviuru zvevasina mhaka varume nevakadzi vakanga vanyangarika. Mamwe mapoka ezvakaipa anodzidza ku SOA, dzimwe nguva achishandisa US manuals iyo yakadzidzisa kupamba, kutambudzwa, kuurayiwa, uye demokrasi kuderedza nzira.

Zvimwe zvekuuraya kwakaipisisa uye zvimwe zvakashata zvakaitwa nemauto eUnited States panguva dzehondo dzehurumende muEl Salvador neGuatemala munguva ye1980s, kusanganisira kuurayiwa kwevagari ve900-kunyanya vakadzi nevana-pa El Mozote, kuurayiwa kweArchbishop mukuru Óscar Romero uye kubata uye kuuraya yevana vechechi veUnited States vaishanda naye, vakarongwa, vakazvipira kana vakavharwa ne SOA vadzidzi. Saka ndizvo zvaive zvakatevedzana chainsaw massacres muColombia, kuurayiwa kwevatori venhau veDutch muEl Salvador, the kuurayiwa weimwe aimbova mukuru weChile pamwe neshamwari yake yeUnited States mumusana weHMMX mumabhomba muWashington, DC nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvakashata.

Iko zvino inogona kuzarurirwa kuti varume vanoverengeka vakatongerwa kurarama mujeri muRoma vhiki yapfuura vadzidzisi ve SOA. Maererano ne database yepamusoro pe60,000 SOA alumni yakanyorwa kubva kuUnited States yeAmericas Watch (SOAW), yeGeorgia-based activist boka rakatangwa naBaba Roy Bourgeois mu1990, vashanu vadzidzisi ve SOA ndivo vari pakati pevarume ve24 vakawanikwa vane mhosva nedare reItaly. Vaviri vavo vanonzi pakati pe "SOAW" dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa nevakawanda veSouth Africa ": aimbova mushumiri wekunze weBolivia Luis Arce Gómez, iye zvino ari kushanda nejeri yeCNNX gore rekuparadza, kuurayiwa uye kutengesa zvinodhaka, uye Luis Alfredo Maurente, mutungamiri wekuUranica akabatanidzwa mukushungurudza uye kuparara kwevanhu vanenge 100 muUruguay neArgentina. Arce Gomez akapedzisa hutano, tactical officer uye redio rekugadzira zvidzidzo pa SOA mu 1958; Maurente vakapinda SOA mu1969 uye 1976, vachidzidza zvekudzivirira zvehondo. Vamwe vatatu veS SOA vakafukurwa pakati pevatongi ve 24 ndevaya: Hernán Ramírez Ramírez (Chili; mauto, murairo, 1970), Ernesto Avelino Ramas Pereira (Uruguay; motokari wechikoro, 1962) uye Pedro Antonio Mato Narbondo (Uruguay; asina kuziviswa, 1970).

SOA inoshandiswa muPanama kubva ku1946 kusvika 1984, apo yakadzoserwa ku Fort Fort, Georgia. Mukuda kwekuzvidzokorora pachavo pakati pekuwedzera kwekuchema kwevoruzhinji pamusoro pematambudziko ekupedzisira, SOA yakachinja iyo inonzi inonzi Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (WHINSEC) mu2000, nechisimbiso chikuru pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu. Zvisinei, vashandi vechikoro vanoenderera mberi vachiita zvinyorwa zvinotyisa kusvikira nhasi, pamwe vana vevakuru vatanhatu shure kwe 2009 Honduran kuputsa uye aimbova maMoscow mauto iye zvino akashandiswa semamenyika kune dzimwe nyika zvinodhaka zvinodhaka pakati pezvimwe zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa nevekupedzisira alumni.

Hazvinyatsozivikanwe kana vazhinji vevatongi vari muRoma mhosva vachatarisana nehurumende, sezvo vose kunze kweumwe we24 vakaedzwa pasina chikonzero pasi pemutemo wepamutemo wepasi rose. Uruguay, iyo isingabvumiri kutongerwa upenyu, yakave yakapoteredza vanhu vane mhosva yemhosva dzakadaro. A January 2017 kutonga nedare rekuItaly ainge atongerwa vasere vevatongi, kusanganisira wekare aimbova mutongi weBolivia Luis García Meza, aimbova mutungamiri wePeruvia Francisco Morales Bermúdez, uye aichimbova mushumiri wekune dzimwe nyika wokuUraine, Juan Carlos Blanco, iye zvino ava kusungwa mumba muMonvideo-kumusasa , pavanenge vachiwana 19 vamwe nekuda kwemitemo yezvikanganiso. Izvo zvinoregererwa zvakadzokidzwa nechisarudzo cheMuvhuro chisarudzo.

Brett Wilkins is San Francisco-based based author and editor-at-large for US news at Digital Journal. Basa rake, iro rinotarisa panyaya dzehondo nerunyararo uye kodzero dzevanhu, rakachengetwa pane www.brettwilkins.com.