By Emanuel Pastreich, Zvakashata | Op-Ed
(Photo: guilherme jofili / Flickr)
Kubata mutsetse vachipesana neKubuchi Desert
Vadzidzi zana veKorea vekoreji vekoreji vanogumburwa kubva muchitima muBaotou, Inner Mongolia, vachibwaira nechiedza chezuva. Kufamba kwechitima kwemaawa gumi nemana kubva kuBeijing, Baotou haisi nzvimbo inozivikanwa kune vechidiki veSeoul, asi saka iyi haisi yekushanya kwekushanya.
Murume mupfupi, mukweguru akapfeka bhachi rakasvibira rakasvibira anotungamira vadzidzi kuburikidza nemhomho iri muchiteshi, nekukurumidza achiraira kuboka. Kupesana nevadzidzi, haaratidzike kunge akaneta zvachose; kunyemwerera kwake hakuna kukanganiswa nerwendo. Anonzi Kwon Byung-Hyun, mumiriri wemabasa akashanda semumiriri weRepublic of Korea kuChina kubva muna 1998 kusvika muna 2001. Nepo hofisi yake yakambofukidza zvese kubva pakutengeserana nekushanya kusvika kumabasa emauto neNorth Korea, Ambassador Kwon awana chikonzero chitsva. izvo zvinoda kutarisisa kwake kuzere. Pazera remakore makumi manomwe nemana, haana nguva yekuona vamwe vake vari mubishi kutamba gorofu kana kuita zvemitambo. Ambassador Kwon vari muhofisi yavo mudiki muSeoul parunhare uye vachinyora tsamba kuti vavake mhinduro yenyika dzese pakupararira kwemagwenga kuChina - kana ari pano, achidyara miti.
Kwon anotaura nenzira yakasununguka uye inowanikwa, asi iye ari chero chinhu asi chiri nyore-kuenda. Kunyangwe zvichimutora mazuva maviri kuti abve pamba pake muzvikomo pamusoro peSeoul kuenda kune yekumberi kwegwenga reKubuchi sezvo ichiita nzira yayo isingazungunuke kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, anoita rwendo rwacho kazhinji, uye nechido.
The Kubuchi Desert yakawedzera zvekuti ingori 450 makiromita kumadokero kweBeijing uye, segwenga riri padyo neKorea, ndiyo sosi huru yeguruva rekupinda gungwa rinoratidzira pasi peKorea, rinopeperetswa nemhepo yakakura. Kwon akatanga NGO Ramangwana Sango mu2001 kurwisa kutsakatika tichishandira pamwe neChina. Anounza vechidiki veKorea neChinese pamwe chete kuti vadyara miti mukupindana nenjodzi iyi yezvemamiriro ekunze mune zvematongerwo enyika mubatanidzwa wevechidiki, hurumende neindasitiri.
Kutanga kweKwon Mission
Kwon anorondedzera kuti basa rake rekumisa renje rakatanga sei:
“Kuedza kwangu kumisa kupararira kwemagwenga kuChina kwakatanga kubva pane zvakaitika kwandiri. Pandakasvika muBeijing muna 1998 kuzoshanda semumiriri kuChina, ndakagamuchirwa nedutu reyero. Iwo magezi akaunza jecha uye guruva aive akasimba kwazvo, uye zvaisava kushamisika kudiki kuona matenga eBeijing akasviba zvisati zvaitika. Ndakagamuchira runhare kubva kumwanasikana wangu zuva raitevera, uye iye akandiudza kuti iyo Seoul denga rakanga rakafukidzwa nedutu rimwe chejecha iro rakapfuura pamusoro kubva kuChina. Ndakaona kuti aitaura nezvedutu rimwe chete randainge ndichangobva kuona. Foni iya yakandimutsira dambudziko. Ndakaona kekutanga kuti tese takatarisana nedambudziko rakajairika iro rinodarika miganhu yenyika. Ndakaona zvakajeka kuti dambudziko reguruva reyero randakaona muBeijing raive dambudziko rangu, nedambudziko remhuri yangu. Yakanga isiri chinetso chete kuti maChina agadzirise. ”
Kwon nenhengo dzeDekusango Sango vanokwira bhazi kweinokwana awa uye vobva vafamba nemumusha mudiki umo varimi, mombe nembudzi mbichana kune vashanyi ava vasinganzwisisike. Mushure mekufamba kwe3-kilometer pamusoro pemapurazi emapurazi, zvisinei, chiitiko ichi chinopa nzira kune inotyisa: kusimuka kwejecha rinotambanudza kumhepo pasina chirevo chimwe chehupenyu.
Vechidiki veKorea vanobatanidzwa nevezera reChinese uye munguva pfupi vanoshanda nesimba kukumba vachisara mune zvakasara zvepasirosi yekudyara masipuni avakauya nawo. Ivo vanobatana nenhamba inowedzera yevechidiki muKorea, China, Japan uye kune imwe nzvimbo ivo vanozvikanda pachavo mune dambudziko remireniyumu: vachideredza kupararira kwemagwenga.
Matangwa senge Kubuchi ndicho chigadzirwa chekudzikisira kunaya kwemvura kwegore rega, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwevhu uye kuedza kwakanyanya kwevarimi varombo vari kusimudzira matunhu akaita seInner Mongolia kuti vawane mari shoma nekutema miti nemakwenzi, ayo akabata ivhu nekutyora mhepo , yehuni.
Paakabvunzwa pamusoro pechinetso chekupindura magwenga aya, Ambassador Kwon vakapindura muchidimbu, "Aya magwenga, uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze pachayo, kutyisidzira kukuru kuvanhu vese, asi hatina kana kutombotanga kuchinja bhajeti yedu yekutanga kana zvasvika kuchengeteka. ”
Kwon mazano kune mukana wekuchinja kwakakosha mune edu ekutanga fungidziro nezve chengetedzo. Isu tinoshanyirwa izvozvi nevatangiri vekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kungave moto unopisa wakatsvaira United States muzhizha ra2012 kana njodzi kurudzi rwunonyura rweTuvalu, uye tinoziva kuti chiito chakakomba chinodiwa. Asi isu tiri kushandisa anopfuura madhirioni emadhora pagore kumakomba, matangi, pfuti, drones uye supercomputers - zvombo zvinoshanda mukumisa kupararira kwemagwenga sechiwoko chinopesana netangi. Zvingave here kuti isu hatifanire kutora mukana wekusvetuka muhunyanzvi, asi panzvimbo pekufungidzira kusvetuka mune izwi chengetedzo: kuita mhinduro kumamiriro ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze iro basa rekutanga kune avo vane mari yakabhadharwa mari.
Kunyudza negwenga kana kunyura neakungwa?
Shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yakatakura mapatya maviri anonyengera ari kukara achidya hupfumi hwepasi rakanaka: kuparadzira magwenga nemakungwa anokwira. Sezvo renje reKubuchi rinotsvedza kumabvazuva rakanangana neBeijing, rinobatana maoko nemamwe magwenga ari kusimuka munzvimbo dzakaoma muAsia, Africa uye nepasi rese. Panguva imwecheteyo, makungwa epasi rose ari kusimuka, achikura asidhi uye achizadza mahombekombe ezvitsuwa nemakondinendi. Pakati peizvi zviviri zvekutyisidzira, hapana muganho wakawanda wevanhu - uye hapazove nenguva yekuzorora yekufungidzira kure kure nezvehondo pamakondinendi maviri.
Iko kudziya kwepasi, kushandiswa zvisizvo kwemvura nevhu, uye zvisirizvo hurongwa hwekurima hunobata ivhu sechimwe chinhu chekudya kwete sisitimu inoraramisa hupenyu, zvakakonzera njodzi kuderera kwepasi pekurima.
United Nations yakatanga United Nations Convention kuCombat Kufambiswa (UNCCD) mu1994 kubatanidza vatori vechikamu kubva kupasi rose kuti vapindure mukupararira kwemarenje. Vanenge bhiriyoni vanhu vanotarisana nenjodzi yakananga kubva mukuparadzira renje. Zvakare, sekudarika kwekurima uye kuderera kwemvura kunonamira kune yakasvibira mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo dzakaoma, kumusha kune vamwe vanhu mabhiriyoni maviri, kukanganisa kwepasi rose mukugadzirwa kwechikafu uye pakutambura kwevanhu vakadzingwa.
Kukura kwakaita magwenga pakondinendi yese kwakakomba zvekuti Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose rakasarudza makore gumi aya se "Gumi reMagwenga uye Kurwisa Kuitwa Gwenga" uye razivisa kupararira kwemagwenga "dambudziko rakakura kwazvo rezvakatipoteredza munguva yedu."
Munyori mukuru weUNCCD panguva iyoyo, Luc Gnacadja, akataura achiseka kuti “Masentimita makumi maviri epamusoro evhu ndiwo ese anomira pakati pedu nekutsakatika.
David Montgomery akatsanangura kuoma kwekutyisidzira uku mubhuku rake Kusviba: Kukanganiswa kweMagariro. Montgomery inosimbisa iyo ivhu, inowanzo kuraswa se "tsvina," inyanzvi yekushandisa, yakakosha kupfuura oiri kana mvura. Montgomery inocherekedza kuti 38 muzana yenzvimbo dzepasi rose dzezvirimwa dzakashatiswa zvakanyanya kubva muna 1945 uye kuti mwero wekukurwa kwenzvimbo dzezvirimwa wave kukurumidza zvakapetwa ka100 pane kuumbwa kwayo. Maitiro aya akabatana nekuwedzera kwetembiricha uye kunaya kwemvura kuita kuti matunhu ekumadokero eAmerica "chingwa chebhasikiti" chemumucheto kwezvekurima uye zvinowedzerwa nekukurwa kwevhu kubva kunaya kwakanyanya. Muchidimbu, kunyangwe zvikamu zvemwoyo webhasiketi rechingwa reAmerica, nenyika, zviri munzira yekuva magwenga.
Montgomery inoratidza kuti nzvimbo dzakaita seInner Mongolia idzo dziri kutambura nekuva gwenga nhasi "dzinoshanda sekanari mumugodhi wepasi rose wemarasha maererano neivhu." Iwo ari kuwedzera magwenga anofanira kunge ari yambiro nezve zvinhu zvichauya kwatiri. “Ehe, mumba mangu, Seattle, unogona kudzikisa kunaya nemasendimita mashoma pagore uye kukwidza kudziya nedhigirii rimwe chete uye uchiri nemasango egreen. Asi kana iwe ukatora nzvimbo yehuswa yakaoma uye uchideredza mvura nemasendimita mashoma pagore - yanga isiri kuwana mvura yakawanda kudaro. Kuderera kwehuswa, kukukurwa nemhepo uye kupera kweivhu kunoguma ndiko kwatinoreva nekuva gwenga. "Asi ndinoda kusimbisa kuti tiri kuona kudzikira kwevhu pasi rese, asi isu tinongoona kuratidzwa zvakajeka mumatunhu anotambura."
Zvichakadaro, kunyungudika kwepolar ice cap kuri kutyaira kukwira kwemazinga egungwa izvo zvinozotyisidzira vagari vemumahombekombe sezvo mahombekombe anonyangarika uye zviitiko zvekunze zvakanyanya senge Hurricane Sandy iri kuitika nguva zhinji. Sangano reNational Academy of Sciences rakaburitsa mushumo wakanzi "Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future" munaJune 2012, zvichiratidza kuti pasi rose huwandu hwegungwa huchakwira masendimita masere kusvika makumi maviri muna8, zvine chekuita nedanho ra23, 2030 kusvika 2000 masendimita na18, uye 48 kusvika 2050 masendimita ne50. Chirevo chemushumo che 140 chakanyanya kukwirisa kupfuura United Nations Intergovernmental Panel pane fungidziro yemamiriro ekunze ye2100 kusvika 2100 masentimita, uye pachivande, nyanzvi zhinji tarisira mamiriro akaipisisa. Njodzi iyoyo ichave iri mukati menguva yeupenyu yevana vedu nevazukuru.
Janet Redman, director weSustainable Energy and Economy Network kuInstitute for Policy Study muWashington, DC, akatarisa mutemo wezvemamiriro ekunze kubva pamamita makumi mana emamiriyoni ematanho emamiriro ekunze. Anotarisisa nezvekuti Hurricane Sandy yaunza sei kumba zvizere nezve shanduko yemamiriro ekunze: “Hurricane Sandy yakabatsira kuita kuti kutyisidzira kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuve kwechokwadi. Mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa akadaro vanhu vanokwanisa kunzwa. Gavhuna weNew York, Andrew Cuomo, anoti dutu iri rakakonzerwa 'nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze,' uye munhu akakurumbira. ”
Zvakare, apo gavhuna weNew Jersey Chris Christie akakumbira mari yeFederal yekuvakazve gungwa, Meya weguta reNew York Michael Bloomberg akapfuurira mberi. Meya Bloomberg vakati tinoda kushandisa mari yemubatanidzwa kutanga kuvaka New York City pachayo. "Akataura zvakajeka kuti mwero wegungwa uri kukwira, uye isu tinofanirwa kugadzira guta rakasimba izvozvi," anoyeuka Redman. “Bloomberg yakazivisa kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yasvika. Akatoenda kusvika pakuratidza kuti isu tinofanirwa kudzorera madota akatenderedza New York City kuti titore mhando dzemadutu idzi. Mune mamwe mazwi, isu tinoda zano rekugadzirisa. Saka kusangana kweakanyanya mamiriro ekunze nharo ine simba kubva kune mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika ane yakakwira yeruzhinji / midhiya kuoneka kunobatsira kushandura hurukuro. Bloomberg haisi Al Gore; haasi mumiririri weShamwari dzePasi. ”
Kunetseka kwakanyanya kunogona kunge kuri kudzikira mukufunga kutsva kwechengetedzo. Robert Bishop, aimbova CEO weSilicon Graphics Inc., akatanga iyo International Center for Earth Simulation senzira yekuita kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze nhasi inzwisisike kune vanogadzira mitemo uye maindasitiri. Bishop vanozivisa kuti Dutu reSandy richabhadhara chimwe chinhu se $ 60 bhiriyoni, uye mutengo wakakwana waKatrina naWilma, uye wekupedzisira mutengo weYakadzi Mvura Horizon mafuta ekushambidza ekushambidza, uchaita anenge $ 100 bhiriyoni imwe neimwe.
"Tiri kutaura pamusoro penjodzi yezvakatipoteredza inorema kuita mabhiriyoni zana emadhora pop." Iye anoti, "Idzo nhamo dzerudzi dzinozotanga kuchinja maonero muPentagon - nekuti zvinonyatso kuisa nyika yese munjodzi. Pamusoro pezvo, kukwira kwenzvimbo yegungwa pamwe neUnited States 'Eastern Seaboard kunotyisidzira kuumba mutengo mukuru mune ramangwana. Mari hombe yekudzivirira maguta ari kumahombekombe ichakurumidza kudiwa. Norfolk, Virginia, semuenzaniso, inogara nzvimbo chete inotakura ndege yenyukireya kuEast Coast, uye guta iro riri kutambura nedambudziko remafashama. ”
Bishop vanoenderera mberi vachitsanangura kuti New York City, Boston neLos Angeles, "nzvimbo dzepamberi" dzeUnited States, dzese dziri munzvimbo dzinotambura kwazvo dzenyika uye zvishoma zvakaitwa kuzvidzivirira kubva kutyisidziro, kwete yemauto ekunze kana zvombo zvinokandwa, asi zvemakungwa anomuka.
Nei shanduko yemamiriro ekunze isingatariswe se "tyisidziro"
Izvo hazvingave zvechokwadi kutaura kuti hapana chatiri kuita kugadzirisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze, asi kana isu tiri mhando yakatarisana nekutsakatika, saka hatisi kuita zvakanyanya.
Zvimwe chikamu chechinetso ndiyo nguva yakatarwa. Vemauto vanowanzo funga nezve chengetedzo mukumhanya mhanya: Ungaita sei kuchengetedza nhandare mumaawa mashoma, kana bhomba chinangwa chakawanikwa mukati meatreti yekushanda mukati memaminitsi mashoma? Maitiro akadaro anowanda nekukurumidza kweanotenderera kutenderera kwehungwaru kuunganidzwa uye kuongororwa kwakakwana. Isu tinofanirwa kukwanisa kupindura kuWebhu-based network kurwiswa kana missile inotanga pakarepo. Kunyangwe nekukurumidza kupindura kune imwe aura yekubudirira, iyo pfungwa yepfungwa yekupindura nekukurumidza haina chekuita nekuchengetedza chaiko.
Ko kana iyo yekutanga kuchengetedza kuchengetedza yaizoyerwa mumazana emakore? Iko kunoratidzika kunge kusingave nehurongwa huri munzvimbo yechiuto nevechengetedzo nharaunda yekugadzirisa nematambudziko pane yakadai nguva-nhanho. David Montgomery anoratidza kuti dambudziko iri nderimwe rematambudziko akatarisana nevanhu nhasi. Semuenzaniso, kurasikirwa kwemafiro epasi rose chinhu chiri pakurongeka kwe1 muzana pagore, kuchiita kuti kuchinjike kusingaonekwe pane iyo mutemo radar skrini muWashington DC. Asi maitiro aya achava nenjodzi kune vanhu vese munguva isingasvike zana, sezvo zvichitora mazana emakore kugadzira nzvimbo yepamusoro. Kurasikirwa kwevhu rinogoneka, pamwe nekuwedzera nekukurumidza kwehuwandu hwevanhu pasi rese, pasina mubvunzo kumwe kwekutyisidzira kukuru kwatakatarisana nako. Uye zvakadaro vashoma munharaunda yekuchengetedzeka vakatarisana mune iyi nyaya.
Janet Redman anoratidza kuti tinofanirwa kutsvaga imwe tsananguro yenguva refu yekuchengeteka inogona kugamuchirwa munzvimbo dzekuchengetedza: "Pakupedzisira, tinofanirwa kutanga kufunga nezvekuchengeteka mupfungwa yepakati penyika, seinganzi 'inter- kuchengetedzwa kwenyika. ' Kureva kuti zvaunoita nhasi zvinokanganisa ramangwana, zvichabatsira vana vako, nevazukuru vako nekumberi kwedu. ” Zvakare, Redman anoratidza, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inongotyisa vanhu vazhinji. “Kana dambudziko rakanyanyisa, rinogona kugadzirisa zvese zvatakakoshesa; kuparadza nyika sekuziva kwedu. Tichafanirwa kuchinja mararamiro atinoita hupenyu hwedu. Kubva kutakurwa kuenda kuchikafu kusvika kumabasa, mhuri; zvinhu zvose zvaifanira kuchinja. ”
Jared Diamond anoratidzira mubhuku rake Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive kuti nzanga nguva nenguva dzakatarisana nesarudzo dzakaomarara pakati pebhenefiti-yenguva pfupi yevatongi varipo nehunhu hwavo hwakanaka uye zvido zvenguva refu zvezvizvarwa zvinotevera, uye kuti havawanzo vakaratidza kunzwisisa kwe "kurongeka kwemazera." Diamond anoenderera mberi achitaura kuti kana shanduko dzichidikanwa dzichipesana nepfungwa dzetsika nemagariro, vanhu vanokwanisa kudzoka pakuramba kukuru. Kana iko iko kwekutyisidzira kuri kufunga kwedu kusingaoni kuti zvinhu zvekushandisa zvinoratidzira rusununguko uye kuzviziva, semuenzaniso, isu tinogona kunge tiri munzira imwecheteyo nekushayikwa kwebudiriro yeIsita Island.
Zvichida ikozvino kushushikana nehugandanga uye kuwedzera kwemauto kusingaperi ndiyo nzira yekuramba kwepfungwa kwatinovhiringidza pfungwa dzedu kubva mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nekutsvaga dambudziko risinganyanyi kuoma. Kutyisidzira kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwakanyanya uye kutyisidzira zvekuti zvinoda kuti tifungisise kuti tiri vanaani uye zvatinoita, kuzvibvunza isu kana kwete cafe latte kana zororo reHawaii iri chikamu che dambudziko. Zvakanyanya nyore kutarisisa pane muvengi kunze uko mumakomo eAfghanistan.
John Feffer, director we Foreign Policy muFocus uye mutsoropodzi ane utsinye wezvaanoti "dambudziko rekufutisa rePentagon," anopfupisa pfungwa yepfungwa zvakanyanya.
“Tiri pano, takavharirwa pakati pejecha riri kupararira nemvura iri kusimuka, uye neimwe nzira hatigoni kuputira pfungwa dzedu padambudziko, ndoda kutsvaga mhinduro.
“Zvinoita sekunge takamira pakati pebani reAfrica. Kubva kune rimwe divi nzou inobhadharisa iri kutitakurira. Kubva kune rimwe divi, shumba yave kuda kurova. Uye tiri kuitei? Isu takatarisana netyisidziro diki, senge al-Qaeda. Takatarisa pane svosve iro rakakwenenzvera pamusoro pezvigunwe zvedu uye rakanyura zvarinotenderedza muganda redu. Zvinorwadza, chokwadi, asi harisi iro dambudziko hombe. Takabatikana kutarisa pasi chigunwe chedu chigunwe zvekuti tanga tisisaone nzou neshumba. ”
Chimwe chinhu chingori kushomeka kwekufungidzira kune avo vanogadzira mutemo uye avo vanogadzira midhiya inotizivisa. Vanhu vazhinji havangakwanise kubata nezvenjodzi-yakaipa nharaunda nenjodzi. Ivo vanowanzo fungidzira kuti ramangwana rinenge rakangoita senge nhasi, kuti kufambira mberi kunogara kwakaenzana, uye kuti muyedzo wekupedzisira wechero fungidziro yeramangwana chiitiko chedu pachedu. Nezvikonzero izvi, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ine njodzi haigoneke - chaiko.
Kana chiri icho chakakomba, isu tinofanirwa kutendeukira kunzira yemauto?
Wazove mutsetse wakajairwa kune vezvematongerwo enyika kurumbidza mauto eUS seakanyanya munyika. Asi kana mauto asina kunyatsogadzirira dambudziko rekuparadzira magwenga nekutsakatika kwevhu, ramangwana redu rinogona kufanana nemambo akakanganwa kubva mudetembo raPercy Bysshe Shelley "Ozymandias," ane chifananidzo chakakura, chakaparadzwa chine chinyorwa.
Tarisa uone mabasa angu, iye Ane Simba, uye kupera simba.
Hapana parutivi chinosara. Kutenderedza kuora
Pamusoro peiyo yakapenga yakawanda, isina simba uye isina chinhu
Iyo imwe uye yejecha jecha anotambanudza kure kure.
Kurwisa kupararira kwemagwenga nemakungwa anokwira zvinotora zviwanikwa zvihombe nehungwaru hwedu hwese. Mhinduro yacho haingogadzirise chete hurumende yedu pamwe nehupfumi, asi zvakare kugadzirisa hupenyu hwedu. Asi zvakadaro mubvunzo unosara: Mhinduro yacho ingori yekumutsidzira yezvakakosha uye zvinokurudzira here, kana ndiko kutyisidzira kuri kwechokwadi kwakaenzana nehondo, kureva, "hondo yakazara," zvakasiyana chete nemamiriro ekupindura uye inofungidzirwa kuti "muvengi?" Tiri kutarisa kune hupenyu-uye-kufa dambudziko iro rinoda kuwanda kwevanhu, hupfumi hwakadzorwa uye hwakaganhurwa uye hukuru hwekuronga kwakarongeka kwenguva pfupi uye yakareba? Dambudziko iri rinoda here, muchidimbu, hupfumi hwehondo uye kufungisisa zvizere nezvemauto system?
Kune ngozi huru dzinosanganisirwa nekupindura mauto kupindura, kunyanya muzera iro chisimba chepfungwa chinopinda munharaunda yedu. Zvirokwazvo kuvhura musuwo weBeltway mahendi kumisikidza bhizinesi mutembere yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kungava tsaona. Ko kana Pentagon yaizobata shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kuti iratidze mari yakawandisa yemauto pamapurojekiti ane zvishoma kana kusave nebasa kwekutyisidzira chaiko? Isu tinoziva kuti mune dzakawanda ndima dzekuchengetedza tsika tsika iyi yatove dambudziko rakakura.
Zvirokwazvo kune njodzi yekuti tsika dzemauto uye kufungidzira zvichashandiswa zvisiri izvo panhau yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kutyisidzira uko pakupedzisira kunogadziriswa nekunyatso shanduko yetsika. Sezvo United States ine matambudziko akakomba kumisikidza mukumanikidzira kwayo kushandisa sarudzo yehondo senzira yekugadzirisa zvese zvese, tinoda, kana chero chinhu, kuti tiisezve muchiuto, kwete kuti tiwedzere mafuta mberi.
Asi kana dziri shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana. Kuitazve mauto nechinangwa chekurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kuri madikanwa, kana paine njodzi, nhanho, uye maitiro akadaro anogona kuchinja tsika, mishoni, uye zvinotarisirwa muhurongwa hwese hwekuchengetedza. Hatina chisarudzo kunze kwekuita nharo nevemauto.
Kunze kwekunge zvinetso zvekuchengetedzeka kwechokwadi zvabatwa, kubva pakupazwa nekukwira kwemakungwa kuenda kune kushomeka kwekudya uye nekukara kwevanhu, zvinogona kuve zvisingawanikwe kuwana rakabatana rekuchengetedza aratidziro iyo inobvumidza kushandira pamwe kwakadzama pakati pemauto epasi rose. Mushure mezvose, kunyangwe dai mauto eUS angadonha pasi kana kusiya chigaro pachezvavo-nyika basa, mapurisa akachengeteka angave ane njodzi. Kunze kwekunge tawana mukana wekudyidzana pakati pemasoja asingade muvhenganiswa angave muvengi, hatina mukana wekudzora njodzi dzinotyisa dzatinotarisana nadzo izvozvi.
James Baldwin akanyora kuti: "Hazvisi zvese zvakatarisana zvinogona kushandurwa, asi hapana chinogona kuchinjwa kana zvisina kutarisana." Kwatiri isu kushuvira kuti mauto angangoita chimwe chinhu chakasiyana chayo chega chisingaiti chinhu. Isu tinofanirwa kuronga mepu nzira yekushandurwa uyezve kumanikidza uye kukurudzira mauto kuti atore chinzvimbo chitsva. Saka nharo yekupokana nekubatanidzwa muchiuto ndeyechokwadi, asi chokwadi ndechekuti mauto haazombobvuma kudzikiswa kwakadzama kwemabhajeti emauto ekutsigira mari yekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nemamwe masangano. Asi, njodzi yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze inofanirwa kuve inoonekwa mukati memasoja. Zvakare, kuiswa kwekusimudzira senzira yakakosha yemauto kunogona kuenda kure kugadzirisa zvemauto nemafungiro emhirizhonga anotambudza nzanga yeAmerica nekuisa simba remauto mukuporesa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Iyo truism yemauto kuti inogara ichigadzirira kurwa hondo yekupedzisira. Kunyangwe madzishe eAfrica akarwa vekuEuropean colonist vane mahipi nemapfumo, Hondo yeParadise vanoisa simba kune mabhiza akavhara njanji dzakasviba, kana mauto eHondo yeNyika I vakatumira zvikamu zvevacheche mumapini-pfuti moto sekunge vari kurwisa vaFranco-Prussian. Hondo, vemauto vanowanzofungidzira kuti kurwa kunotevera kuchangova chirevo chakasarudzika chekupedzisira.
Kana mauto, panzvimbo pekutaurisa kutyisidzira kwemauto muIran kana Siria, anotora chinjana neshanduko yemamiriro ekunze seyavariro yekutanga, ichaunza boka idzva remajaya nevasikana vane tarenda, uye iro basa remauto richachinja. Sezvo United States inotanga kuisazve mari yemauto, ndozvichaitawo mamwe marudzi epasi. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kuve isina kuringana mauto masisitimu uye mukana wechinodiwa chitsva wekubatana kwepasi rose.
Asi iyo pfungwa haina basa kana tisingakwanise kuwana nzira yekurovera mauto eUS munzira kwayo. Sezvazviri, tiri kushandisa pfuma yakakosha pane masystem ezvombo ayo asingatombo gutsa zvido zvemauto, ndoda kupa chero kunyorera kumatambudziko ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. John Feffer anoratidza kuti bureaucratic inertia uye makwikwi emabhajeti ndicho chikonzero chikuru chinoita senge tisina sarudzo kunze kwekutevera zvombo zvisina mashandiro akajeka. havadi kuona mabhajeti avo azere. ” Feffer anoreva kuti dzimwe nharo dzinodzokororwa kudzamara dzakaita senge Evhangeri: "Tinofanirwa kuchengetedza yedu yenyukireya katatu; isu tinofanirwa kuve nenhamba shoma yejeti varwi; tinofanirwa kuva neNavy inokodzera simba repasirese. ”
Izvo zvakakosha zvekuramba uchivaka zvimwe zvakafanana zvine dunhu pamwe nezvematongerwo enyika. Mabasa ane chekuita nezvombo izvi akapararira nenyika. "Hakuna dunhu rekongiresi risingabatanidzwe neimwe nzira kugadzirwa kwemauto ezvombo," anodaro Feffer. “Uye kugadzirwa kwezvombo izvi kunoreva mabasa, dzimwe nguva mabasa ekusara ekugadzira chete. Vezvematongerwo enyika havagone kufuratira iwo mazwi. Mumiriri weBarney Frank weMassachusetts aive akashinga zvikuru mukudaidzira shanduko yemauto, asi apo injini yekuchengetedza yeF-35 ndege yendege yaigadzirwa mudunhu rake yaida kuvhota, aifanira kuivhotera - kunyangwe neveAir Force akataura kuti yakanga isingadiwe. ”
Kune vamwe muWashington DC vatanga kugadzira tsananguro yakafararira yekufarira kwenyika uye chengetedzo. Imwe yeino vimbisa zvikuru ndiyo Smart Strategy Initiative kuNew America Foundation. Pasi pekutungamira kwaPatrick Doherty, "Grand Strategic" iri kutora chimiro chinokwezva kutarisa kune ina yakakosha nyaya dzinobuda kunze kwenzanga nepasi rose. Nyaya dzakarapwa mu "Grand Strategic" ndedze "kubatanidzwa mune zvehupfumi," kupinda kwevanhu mabhiriyoni matatu muboka repakati repasirese mukati memakore makumi maviri anotevera uye zvinorehwa neshanduko iyoyo kune hupfumi uye nharaunda; "Kupera kwezvisikwa," kukanganisa kwezviitiko zvevanhu pane zvakatipoteredza uye zvazvinoreva kwatiri; "Yanga iine kushushikana," mamiriro ehupfumi azvino anoratidza kuderera kwakadzika uye matanho akasimba ekuomesa; uye "kushomeka kushomeka," iko kusimba kwezvivakwa zvedu uye nehupfumi hurongwa. Iyo Smart Strategic Initiative haisi yekuita kuti mauto ave akasvibira, asi pamusoro pekugadzirisa zvese zvinokosheswa kurudzi rwakazara, kusanganisira mauto. Doherty anofunga kuti mauto anofanirwa kunamatira kune rake rekutanga basa uye kwete kutambanudzira muminda iri pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwayo.
Paakabvunzwa nezve mhinduro yakaitika yePentagon kumubvunzo wekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, akataura misasa mina yakasarudzika. Kutanga, kune avo vanoramba vakatarisa pane zvechinyakare kuchengetedza zvinetso uye vanotora shanduko yemamiriro ekunze mukuverenga kwavo. Ikozve kune avo vanoona shanduko yemamiriro ekunze seimwe kutyisidzira kunofanirwa kuverengerwa muhurongwa hwekudzivirirwa kwechinyakare asi sekuwedzera kwechinhu chekunze kupfuura nyaya yekutanga. Ivo vanotaura kunetsekana nezvenzira dzechisvo izvo zvichave zviri pasi pemvura kana zvazvinoreva munzira itsva dzegungwa pamusoro pematanda, asi kufunga kwavo kwechinangwa hakuna kuchinja. Kune avo zvakare vanotsigira vachishandisa yakakura yekudzivirira bhajeti kuti isimudzire shanduko dzemusika neziso rekuchinja masimba ese ehondo uye ehurumende simba.
Chekupedzisira, kune avo vari muchiuto vauya nemhedziso yekuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inoda zano renyika nyowani rinotora nharaunda uye yekune dzimwe nyika uye vari kuita hurukuro huru nevatambi vakasiyana siyana pamusoro pekuti nzira yekumberi inofanirwa kunge iri yei.
Dzimwe pfungwa dzekuti ungadzoreredza sei muchiuto, asi nekukurumidza!
Tinofanira kusimudzira hurongwa hwemauto anoshandisa 60 muzana kana kudarika bhajeti rake kuvandudza tekinoroji, masikirwo uye zviitwa kumisa kupararira kwemasango, kumutsidzira makungwa uye kushandura maindasitiri anoparadza anhasi kuti ave hupfumi hutsva. . Chii chingave chiuto chakatora senge basa raro rekutanga kudzikisira kusvibisa, kutarisa kwezvakatipoteredza, kudzoreredza kukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza uye kujairana nematambudziko manyowani? Tinogona here kufungidzira uto ane basa rekutanga kusiri kuuraya nekuparadza, asi kuchengetedza nekudzivirira?
Tiri kudaidzira vemauto kuti vaite chimwe chinhu icho parizvino chisina kugadzirirwa kuti chiite. Asi munhoroondo yese, mauto kazhinji ave achidikanwa kuti vazviratidze zvizere kuti vasangane nekutyisidzira ikozvino. Zvakare, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze idambudziko rakasiyana nechero chii zvacho chakasangana nharaunda yedu. Kutamisa mauto nekuda kwezvakatipoteredza matambudziko ndomamwe emamwe ekuchinja kwakakosha kwatichaona.
Kurudziro yakarongeka yechikamu chese chiripo chemauto-chengetedzo sisitimu ichave iri yekutanga nhanho yekubva kubva piecemeal kuenda kuchisimba chakakosha. MaNgezi aigona kubata zvakanyanya nekudzivirira nekudzorera makungwa; Hondo Yemhepo yaizotora mutoro kumhepo, kuongorora kubuda kwemagetsi uye kugadzira hurongwa hwekuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo; nepo Mauto aigona kubata ivhu rekuchengetedza uye nyaya dzemvura. Mapazi ese aizove nemhosva yekupindura munjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza. Isu mabasa ehungwaru anotora mutoro wekutarisa iyo biology pamwe neinosvibisa, kuongorora chimiro chayo uye kugadzira kwenguva yakareba mazano ekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa.
Kuchinja kwakadaro kwakasarudzika kwenzira kunopa zvakanakira zvakawanda. Pamusoro pazvose, zvaizodzorera chinangwa uye rukudzo kumauto Emauto. Mauto Emauto akambodaidzira kuAmerica akanakisa uye akajeka, achigadzira vatungamiriri vakaita saGeorge Marshall naDwight Eisenhower, panzvimbo pevapanduki vezvematongerwo enyika uye prima donnas saDavid Petraeus. Kana izvo zvakakosha zvemauto zvichichinja, ichadzorera kumira kwayo munharaunda munharaunda yeAmerica uye maofficial ayo anokwanisa zvakare kutora chinzvimbo chakakosha mukupa kubumbiro renyika uye kwete kutarisa nemaoko avo akasungwa sezvo masystem ezvombo achiteverwa kubatsira lobbyists nevatsigiri vavo vemakambani.
United States yakatarisana nedanho renhoroondo: Tinogona kungotevedzera nzira isingadzivisike yekuenda kuhondo uye kuderera kweumambo, kana kushandura zvine mutsindo zvemauto nemaindasitiri kuita muyenzaniso wekubatana kwepasirese kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Iyo yekupedzisira nzira inotipa mukana wekuti tigadzirise zvisirizvo zveAmerica uye kusimuka munzira isingatungamire mukufamba kwenguva kuchinjika uye kupona.
Ngatitangei nePacific Pivot
John Feffer anokurudzira kuti shanduko iyi ingangotanga neEast Asia yoita chimiro chekuwedzera kweObama Administration anonyanya kufarirwa "Pacific pivot." Feffer anokurudzira kuti: "Pacific Pivot inogona kuve hwaro hwemubatanidzwa wakakura unoisa nharaunda semusoro wepakati wekushandira pamwe kwekuchengetedza pakati peUnited States, China, Japan, Korea nedzimwe nyika dzeEast Asia, nokudaro zvichideredza njodzi yekukonana uye kugadzirisa zvombo. ” Kana isu tikatarisa kutyisidziro chaidzo, semuenzaniso kukurumidza kusimukira kwehupfumi - zvichipesana nekukura kusingaperi - kwakabatsira mukupararira kwemagwenga, kudzikira kwemvura yakachena, uye tsika yevatengi inokurudzira kushandiswa kwemaziso, tinogona kudzora njodzi maoko anovaka mudunhu. Sezvo chinzvimbo cheEast Asia muhupfumi hwenyika chichiwedzera uye chiri bhenji-rakatarwa nenyika dzese, shanduko yedunhu mune pfungwa yekuchengetedza, pamwe neshanduko yakabatana mubhajeti remauto, inogona kukanganisa zvikuru pasirese.
Avo vanofungidzira kuti "Hondo Yemashoko" nyowani iri kutsvaira East Asia vanowanzo kukanganwa chokwadi chekuti maererano nekukurumidza kukura kwehupfumi, kubatana kwehupfumi uye nyika, kufanana kunotyisa hakusi pakati peEast Asia nhasi neEast Asia panguva yeCold War, asi asi pakati peEast Asia nhasi neEurope muna 1914. Iyo nguva inosiririsa yakaona France, Germany, Italy uye Humambo hweAustro neHungary, pakati pekudyidzana kwezvehupfumi kusati kwamboitika uye kunyangwe paine kutaura netariro dzerunyararo rusingagumi, ichitadza kugadzirisa nhoroondo yakare nyaya uye vanopinda muhondo yenyika inoparadza. Kufunga kuti tinotarisana neimwe "hondo inotonhora" ndeyekutarisa padanho iro iro anovakwa nemauto anotyairwa nehupfumi hwemukati uye hune chekuita nepfungwa.
Kushandiswa kwemauto eChina kwakasvika pamadhora zana emabhiriyoni muna100 kekutanga, sezvo kuwanda kwayo kwakapetwa kaviri kuchisunda vavakidzani kuti vawedzere mabhajeti ehondo. South Korea iri kuwedzera mashandisiro ayo muchiuto, iine fungidziro ye2012 muzana kuwedzera kwegore ra5. Kunyangwe Japan yakachengeta mashandisiro ayo muchiuto kusvika pa2012 muzana yeGDP yayo, mutungamiriri achangosarudzwa, Abe Shinzo, arikudaidzira kuwedzera kukuru muJapan mhiri kwemakungwa. mashandiro emauto sekuvengana neChina anorova zvakakwirira-nguva.
Zvichakadaro, Pentagon inokurudzira mubatanidzwa wayo kuwedzera mari muchiuto uye kutenga zvombo zveUS. Zvinoshamisa kuti, kudimbudzira kungangoitika muPentagon bhajeti kunowanzo kupihwa semikana kune dzimwe nyika kuwedzera mari yemauto kutamba basa rakawedzera.
mhedziso
Ambassador Kwon's Future Forest yakabudirira zvikuru kuunza vechidiki veKorea neChina kuti vasime miti uye vagadzire "Great Green Wall" kuti ive neKubuchi Desert. Kusiyana neGreat Wall yekare, rusvingo urwu haruna kuitirwa kubvisa muvengi wemunhu, asi kuti kugadzira mutsetse wemiti sedziviriro yezvakatipoteredza. Zvichida hurumende dzeEast Asia neUnited States dzinogona kudzidza kubva pamuenzaniso wakasiyiwa nevana ava uye kusimbisa iyo Yakaremara Nhanhatu Nhaurwa Hurukuro nekugadzira nharaunda nekugadzirisa iwo musoro wekutanga wekukurukurirana.
Iko mukana wekubatana pakati pemasoja nemauto ehurumende zvine chekuita nharaunda zvakakura kana mazwi ehurukuro akawedzerwa. Kana tikakwanisa kuenzanisa vanokwikwidza vematunhu muchinangwa chimwe chemauto icho chisingade "mamiriro emuvengi" ekuti tivhare, tinogona kukwanisa kunzvenga imwe yenjodzi huru dzemazuva ano. Mhedzisiro yekukanganisa mamiriro emakwikwi uye kuvaka kwemauto kungave mukana wakakura pachawo, wakasiyana kwazvo nemipiro inoitwa nemamishinari ekupindura mamiriro ekunze.
Nhanhatu dzeParty Taura dzinogona kushanduka kuita "Green Pivot Forum" inoongorora kutyisidzira kwezvakatipoteredza, inoisa zvinokosheswa pakati pevanobata uye inogovera zviwanikwa zvinodiwa kurwisa matambudziko.
