Okinawa, Zvakare - Iyo US Air Force uye iyo US Marines Vakatadzira Mvura yeOkinawa neHove neMassive Kuburitswa kwePFAS. Iye zvino rave Zero reHondo.

naPat Mukuru, World BEYOND War, June 23, 2021

Iyo tsvuku "X" inoratidza "nzvimbo dzine mvura yekudzimisa moto ine organo-fluorine macomputer (PFAS) anotenda kuti akayerera. ” Nzvimbo ine mavara mana pamusoro i "Tengan Pier."

Musi waJune 10, 2021, 2,400 litita e "mvura yekudzimisa moto" ine PFAS (per-uye poly fluoroalkyl zvinhu) zvakaburitswa netsaona kubva kuUS Army Oiri yekuchengetedza Mafuta muUruma City nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri pedyo, sekureva Ryukyu Shimpo inhau yeOkinawan. Okinawa Defense Bureau yakati zvinhu zvine chepfu zvakayerera zvichibva pachigadziko nekuda kwemvura zhinji. Iko kusangana kwePFAS mukuburitswa hakuzivikanwe nepo Mauto asiri kuuya. Iko kudururwa kunofungidzirwa kunge kwakadururira muTengan Rwizi uye negungwa.

Munguva yekuferefeta kwakapfuura kwakaitwa nedunhu, rwizi Tengan rwakawanikwa riine huwandu hwakanyanya hwePFAS. Kuburitswa zvine chepfu kwemakemikari ane chepfu nemauto eUS kwakajairika muOkinawa.

Funga marapirwo achangobva kudururwa mupepanhau reOkinawan:

"Manheru emusi waChikumi 11, Defence Bureau yakamhan'ara chiitiko ichi kuhurumende yepurovhinzi, Uruma City, Kanatake Town, nemubatanidzwa wevabati vehove vane chekuita, ndokukumbira divi reUS kuti rione kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa, kudzivirira kudzokororwa, uye nekukurumidza kumhan'ara chiitiko ichi. Bazi rezvekunze rakaratidza kuzvidemba kwaro kudivi reUSU muna Chikumi 11. Dziviriro Bureau, hurumende yeguta, nemapurisa ematunhu vakasimbisa nzvimbo iyi. Ryuko Shimpo akabvunza nezve chiitiko chechiitiko ichi kumauto eU.S., asi kusvika na10 PM musi waChikumi11, hapana mhinduro. "

Kana Hondo ikapindura, isu tinoziva zvavanogona kutaura. Vachati vanonetsekana nezve hutano pamwe nekuchengetedzeka kwevaOkinawans uye vakazvipira kuona kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa uye nekuona kuti hapana kuitika zvakare. Ndiwo uchava mugumo wenyaya. Bata nazvo, Okinawa.

MaOkinawans ndivo vechipiri kirasi vagari veJapan. Hurumende yeJapan yakaratidza kakawanda kuti haina hanya nehutano uye kuchengetedzeka kwevaOkinawans mukutarisana nekudzokororwa zvine chepfu kubva kubheseni reUS. Kunyangwe chitsuwa chidiki cheOkinawa chine chete 0.6% yenyika yeJapan, 70% yenzvimbo muJapan iyo yakasarudzika kumauto eUS iri ipapo. Okinawa ingangoita chetatu chehukuru hweLong Island, New York, uye ine makumi matatu nemaviri emauto eAmerica.

MaOkinawans anodya hove dzakawanda dzakashatiswa nemazinga akawandisa ePFOS, yakasarudzika mhando inouraya yePFAS inoyerera ichienda pamusoro pemvura kubva kumaAmerican bases. Iyo dambudziko pachiwi, nekuda kwekukwira kwakanyanya kwemauto eAmerica. Kudya hove dzegungwa ndiyo sosi yekutanga yekumedzwa kwevanhu kwePFAS.

Mhando ina dzakanyorwa pamusoro (kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi) ndeye pfumo, pearl danio, guppy, uye tilapia. (1 nanogram pagiramu, ng / g = chiuru chimwe chezvidimbu patirioni (ppt), saka pfumo raive ne 1,000 pptEPA inokurudzira kudzikisira PFAS mumvura yekunwa kusvika 70 ppt.

Futenma

Muna 2020, hurongwa hwekudzimisa moto munhandare yendege paMarine Corps Air Station Futenma yakaburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hwehuturu hwekudzimisa moto. Foamy suds yakadururwa murwizi rwemuno uye gore-kunge mafufu ehuputi akaonekwa achiyangarara pamusoro pemamita zana pamusoro pevhu uye achigara munzvimbo dzekugara dzekutandarira nemunharaunda.

VaMarines vaive vachinakidzwa ne barbecue  mune yakakura hangar yakashongedzwa neiyo yepamusoro furo yekudzvinyirira sisitimu iyo sezviri pachena yakaburitswa pakaonekwa utsi uye kupisa. Gavhuna weOkinawan Denny Tamaki akati, "Ini zvechokwadi handina mazwi," paakaziva kuti bhengi ndiyo yakakonzera kusunungurwa.

Uye ndeipi ingave mhinduro yakakodzera kubva kuna Gavhuna izvozvi? Aigona kuti, semuenzaniso, "MaAmerican ari kutisikira chepfu apo hurumende yeJapan iri kuda kupira hupenyu hweOkinawan nekuda kwemauto asingaperi eUS. 1945 yaive nguva refu yapfuura uye isu takave vanyajambwa kubva ipapo Chenesa tsvina yako, United States Forces Japan, uye buda. ”

Giant carcinogenic foam puffs yakagara munzvimbo dzekugara padhuze neFutenma Marine Corps base muOkinawa.

Paakamanikidzwa kuti apindure, David Steele, mukuru weFutenma Air Base, akagovana mazwi ake ehungwaru neruzhinji rweOkinawan. Akavaudza kuti "kana kukanaya mvura, ichaderera." Sezvineiwo, anga achireva kune mabhuru, kwete iko kuita kwemafuro ekurwarisa vanhu. Tsaona yakafanana yakaitika padanho rimwe chete muna Zvita we2019 apo hurongwa hwekudzimisa moto hwakanganisa kuburitsa furoiniki.

Mukutanga kwa2021, hurumende yeOkinawan yakazivisa mvura yepasi munzvimbo yakatenderedza Marine Corps base yaive neyakaunganidzwa ye2,000 ppt yePFAS. Dzimwe nyika dzeUS dzine mirau panzvimbo dzinorambidza mvura yepasi kubva kune zvinopfuura makumi maviri ppt zvePFAS, asi izvi zvinogara Okinawa.

Chirevo cheOkinawa Defense Bureau yakati furo rinoburitswa paFutenma

“Zvainge zvisina basa kuvanhu.” Zvichakadaro, Ryukyo Shimpo pepanhau sampled rwizi mvura padhuze neFutenma base uye yakawana 247.2 ppt. yePFOS / PFOA murwizi rweUchidomari (inoratidzwa neruvara rwebhuruu.) Mvura yegungwa kubva kuMakiminato chiteshi chehove (kumusoro kuruboshwe) yaive ne41.0 ng / l yehupfu. Rwizi rwanga rwune gumi nematanhatu ePFAS ayo ari mune eutoous aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF).

Mvura ine furo yakayerera ichibva mupombi dzetsvina (tsvuku x) kubva kuMarine Corps Mhepo Chiteshi Futenma. Runway inoratidzwa kurudyi. Rwizi rweUchidomari (neruvara rwebhuruu) runotakura uturu kuenda kuMakiminato kuEast China Sea.

Saka, zvinorevei kuti mvura ine zvikamu makumi maviri nemana makumi maviri nezviviri kubva pamatirioni ePFAS? Zvinoreva kuti vanhu vari kurwara. Dhipatimendi reWisconsin reZviwanikwa rinoti mazinga emvura epamusoro ayo pfuura 2 ppt inokanganisa hutano hwevanhu. Iyo PFOS mumafovhu zvakashata bioaccumulate muhupenyu hwemumvura. Nzira yekutanga vanhu vanoshandisa makemikari aya nekudya hove. Wisconsin munguva pfupi yapfuura yakaburitsa data rehove padhuze neTruax Air Force Base iyo inoratidza mazinga ePFAS zvinoshamisira padyo padyo nenzvimbo dzakataurwa muOkinawa.

Izvi ndezve hutano hwevanhu uye kusvika kune vanhu vari kuiswa chepfu kuburikidza nehove dzavanodya.

Muna 2013, imwe tsaona paKadena Air Base yakaparadzira 2,270 litita emagetsi ekudzimisa moto kunze kwe hangar yakavhurika uye mumadutu emvura. Akadhakwa Marine akagonesa pamusoro wekudzvinyirira system. Tsaona yemauto ichangoburwa yakaburitswa 2,400 litita yefuro rine muchetura.

PFAS-yakasungwa furo inozadza Kadena Air Force Base, Okinawa mu2013. Teaspoon yefuro mumufananidzo uyu inogona kukuvadza guta rese rekumwa doro.

Mukutanga kwa2021 hurumende yeOkinawan yakashuma kuti mvura yepasi pekunze kwechigadziko yaive 3,000 ppt. yePFAS.  Mvura yepasi inodira mumvura yepamusoro, iyo inoyerera ichienda kugungwa. Izvi zvinhu hazvisi kungonyangarika. Inoenderera ichipera kubva pachigadziko uye hove dzakaiswa chepfu.

Mauto eKin Wan Petroleum, Oiri, uye Lubricant yekuchengetera nzvimbo muUruma City iri padhuze padhuze nepfumo, iro rinoshandiswa kugamuchira mhando dzakasiyana dzezvombo uye zvombo. Sekureva kwemukuru weFleet Operations Okinawa, "Tengan Pier inzvimbo inozivikanwa nevashambadzi uye vanoshambira. Iri muTengan Bay paPacific Ocean kudivi reOkinawa, nzvimbo iyi inopa imwe yenzvimbo dzepagungwa dzakanyanya kuwanikwa munzvimbo ino. ”

Ndiko kungozvimba. Rimwe dambudziko: zviitiko zvemauto eUS zvinotyisidzira kuenderera kwehutano hwehupenyu hwemumvura, uye hupenyu hwemugungwa. Muchokwadi, iyo nyowani yekuvaka base muHenoko inotyisidzira iyo ecosystem yemakorari matombo, nyika yekutanga kutsakatika ecosystem. Zvombo zvenyukireya zvinogona zvakare kuchengetwa muHenoko, kana hwaro hwakatombopera.

Mutungamiriri Fleet Mabasa Okinawa

Navy yakatyisidzira kuti ichuchise
Mauto Emasoja ekushandisa maisignias emumvura.

Kin Wan inogamuchira, inochengetera, uye inopa mafuta ese eaviation, mota peturu, uye mafuta edhiziri anoshandiswa neUnited States Mauto kuOkinawa. Inoshanda nekuchengetedza 100-mamaira peturu peturu sisitimu inosvika kubva kuFutenma Marine Corps Mhepo Chiteshi kumaodzanyemba kwechitsuwa, kuburikidza neKadena Air Base, kuenda kuKin Wan.

Iyi ndiyo aorta yemoyo wekumauto eAmerica kuOkinawa.

Masoja emafuta eUS seichi kutenderera pasirese anozivikanwa kunge akashandisa akawanda makemikari ePFAS kubvira ekutanga ma1970. Mabhizimusi emafuta emabhizimusi akambomira kushandisa mafomu anouraya, achichinjira kune akaenzana anokwanisa uye ane hushamwari nharaunda asina mafuru.

TAKAHASHI Toshio muratidziri wezvakatipoteredza uyo anogara padhuze neFutenma Marine Corps base. Ruzivo rwake mukurwa kudzora ruzha nhanho kubva padenga remhepo rinopa chidzidzo chakakosha mukukosha kwekudzivisa maAmerican ari kuparadza nyika yake.

Anoshanda semunyori weFutenma US Air Base Bombing Lawsuit Boka. Kubva 2002, akabatsira kupomera mhosva yekirasi-yekumisa kupedza runyararo rwunokonzerwa nendege dzemauto eUS. Dare rakapa mutongo muna 2010 uye zvakare muna 2020 kuti ruzha rwakakonzerwa nekushanda kwendege dzemauto eUS haruite pamutemo uye kupfuura zvinonzi zvinoregererwa zviri pamutemo, kuti hurumende yeJapan inoonawo kukuvara kwakakonzerwa nevagari uye inofanirwa kubhadhara vagari .

Sezvo hurumende yeJapan isina simba rekutarisa mashandiro enhandare dzemauto eU.S., chikumbiro chaTakahashi che "kurayira kwendege" chakarambwa, uye kukuvara kwakakonzerwa neruzha rwendege kuri kuramba kuchimiswa. Mhosva yechitatu parizvino yakamirira kuOkinawa District Court. Iyo hombe kirasi yekuitisa mhosva ine vanopfuura zviuru zvishanu vanomhan'ara vanoti kukuvara.

"Mushure mechiitiko cheFutenma inopupuma furo muna Kubvumbi we2020," Takahashi akatsanangura,

hurumende yeJapan (uye hurumende yemuno nevagari) vakatadza kuongorora chiitiko ichi chakaitika mukati meuto remauto eU.S. Iyo

 US - Japan Mamiriro Echibvumirano Chemauto, kana SOFA  inopa kukoshesa mauto eUS akamira muJapan uye kunotadzisa hurumende kuferefeta nzvimbo yakasvibiswa nePFAS nemamiriro akaita tsaona iyi. ”

Munyaya yemauto ichangoburwa muUruma City, hurumende yeJapan (kureva hurumende yeOkinawa) haigone kuongorora chinokonzera hutachiona.

Takahashi akatsanangura, "Zvakaratidzirwa kuti kusvibiswa kwePFAS kunokonzera gomarara uye kunogona kukanganisa kukura kwechibereko nekukonzeresa chirwere muvana vadiki, saka kuongorora chikonzero nekuchenesa kusvibiswa kwakakosha kuitira kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevagari nekuzadzisa basa redu kune ramangwana." zvizvarwa. ”

Takahashi anoti anzwa kuti kufambira mberi kuri kuitwa kuUS, uko mauto akaferefeta kusvibiswa kwePFAS uye atora danho rekuchenesa. "Iyi haisi nyaya yemasoja eUS akamira mhiri kwemakungwa," anodaro. "Izvi zvakapetwa kaviri zvine rusarura uye kusaremekedza nyika dzakatambira uye kumatunhu uko mauto eUS akamiswa, uye haigone kubvumidzwa," akadaro.

Kutenda kuna Joseph Essertier, Murongi weJapan kune a World BEYOND War uye Assistant Professor paNagoya Institute of Technology. Joseph akabatsira neshanduro uye nemitauro yekupepeta.