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Mukupera kwaKurume wegore rino, ruzhinji rwenyika dzepasi rose dzichasangana pamuzinda weUnited Nations muNew York City kutanga nhaurirano dzechibvumirano chekurambidza zvombo zvenyukireya. Chichava chiitiko chinokosha munhoroondo yepasi rose. Kwete chete nhaurirano dzakadaro hadzisati dzamboitwa - zvombo zvenyukireya zvinoramba zviri izvo chete boka rezvombo zvekuparadza kukuru (WMD) zvisina kurambidzwa zvakajeka nemutemo wepasirese - maitiro acho anoratidzawo shanduko mukudyidzana kwenyika dzakawanda.
Ichiri kubuda sechikamu che“mwero webudiriro” yeEurope muzana ramakore rechi 19, mitemo yehondo yairehwa, murutivi, kuti kusiyanisa "yakabudirira" Europe kubva kune "isina budiriro" yepasirese. Sezvo mashoko akanaka nevafundisi vawo vakapararira kumativi ari kure zvikuru enyika, chiratidzo chechiziviso chegamuchidzanwa cheEurope chechiKristudhomu hachina kuzoshanda. Mumashoko eHegelian, kusimudzirwa kwemitemo yehondo kwakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuti masimba ekare eEurope arambe achizivikanwa nekuramba "Zvimwe" zvisina kunaka.
Vanhu vaionekwa sevasingakwanisi kana kusada kutevedzera mitemo yeEurope uye tsika dzehondo dzakanzi hadzina hunhu nekutadza. Kurongwa seusina kusimba, zvakare, kwaireva kuti musuo wokuva mutezo wakakwana wenzanga yenyika yose wakanga wakavharwa; zvematongerwo enyika zvisina hunhu hazvigone kuumba mutemo wenyika dzese kana kutora chikamu mumisangano yevamiriri vakaenzana nenyika dzakabudirira. Uyezve, nyika dzisina kusimba dzaigona kukurirwa kana kuti neimwe nzira kushandiswa navanhu vokuMadokero vane tsika dzakakwirira. Uye vanhu vasina hunhu, zvakare, vaive vasina chikwereti chemwero wakafanana womufambiro savanhu vakagwinya. Manzwisisiro aya ainyanya kuramba akanyarara, asi aipota achikakavadzana munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. Pamusangano weHague muna 1899, somuenzaniso, masimba ekoloni kukakavadzana kana kunyora kurambidza kushandiswa kwekuwedzera mabara kurwisa varwi vemarudzi "akabudirira" vachichengetedza kuenderera mberi kwekushandiswa kwezvombo zvakadaro kurwisa "vanotyisa". Kumatunhu mazhinji muGlobal South, nhaka yezana ramakore regumi nepfumbamwe ndeimwe yekubatana kunyadziswa uye kunyadziswa.
Zvose izvi hazvirevi kuti mitemo yehondo haina mirairo yakanaka yetsika. Ius in belloMitemo yakakosha ye "isiri kurwisa kudzivirirwa", kuenzana pakati pemagumo uye nzira, uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwakanyanya kunogona kudzivirirwa semirairo ine chekuita nehunhu (asi zvakare yave ichinyengetedza. kupikiswa) Nekufamba kwenguva, uyezve, mamwe mabviro ane rusarura emitemo yehondo akapa nzira kune yavo yepasirese. Pamusoro pazvo, mitemo chaiyo inodzora kuitisana kurwisana hainyatsooni kuti mapato ari kurwa ndiani uye kuti ane mhosva yokukonzera kukakavara.
Musiyano uripo pakati penyika dzakabudirira nedzisina budiriro unogara munhaurirano dzemutemo dzepasi rose. The Statute yeInternational Court of Justice—chinhu chiri pedyo zvikuru nemutemo wenyika dzemazuva ano kubumbiro remutemo—rinozivisa semanyuko emitemo yenyika yose kwete zvibvumirano netsika chete, asiwo “misimboti yose yomutemo inogamuchirwa nenyika dzakabudirira.” Pakutanga inoreva zvakajeka zvekuEurope Sosaiti yematunhu, mareferensi e "nyika dzakabudirira" nhasi anotorwa kudaidza "nharaunda yepasirese". Iyo yekupedzisira iboka rinosanganisirwa kupfuura yekutanga yeEuropean, asi haisati yapedza nyika dzese. Nyika dzinonzi dziriko kunze kwenyika dzepasirese - chikamu chinowanzounzwa nekuve nechishuwo chaicho kana chinofungidzirwa chekugadzira WMD - chakanzi "rouge" kana "bandit" nyika. (Nekutaura, kusiya kwaColonel Gaddafi WMD muna 2003 kwakakurudzira Tony Blair kuti ataure kuti Libya yakanga yava nekodzero "kubatanazve nevepasi rose”.) Mishandirapamwe yekurambidza zvombo zvezvikwata, zvimbambaira, zvombo zvinopisa moto, mabhomba, gasi rechepfu, uye zvombo zvebhayoloji zvese zvakashandisa mabhinairi evakabudirira/vasina hunyanzvi uye vane mutoro/vasina basa kuunza shoko ravo.
Mushandirapamwe unoenderera mberi wekurambidza zvombo zvenyukireya unoshandisa mutauro wakafanana. Asi chimiro chakasiyana chesangano rinoramba riripo rekurambidza zvombo zvenyukireya hadzisi pfungwa dzazvinopedzwa nadzo, asi kuzivikanwa kwevanozvigadzira. Nepo mishandirapamwe yese yataurwa pamusoro yakagadziridzwa kana kutsigirwa nenyika zhinji dzeEurope, bato rekurambidza chibvumirano chenyukireya rinoratidza kekutanga chishandiso chemutemo wepasirese werubatsiro chinomanikidzwa kuvepo mukupokana nekupopotera kweEuropean core. Basa rebudiriro rekuitwa chiseko chetsika rakatorwa neavo vaimbogamuchira.
Gore rino, vachipikiswa zvakanyanya nevakawanda vevakapfuma, nyika dzekuMadokero, chibvumirano chekurambidza nyukireya chichakurukurwa nevaimbova "save" uye "vatorwa" veGlobal South. (Sezvinobvumwa, chirongwa chechibvumirano chekurambidza chinotsigirwa nenyika dzemuEurope dzisina kwadzakarerekera dzakaita seAustria, Ireland, neSweden. Asi ruzhinji rwevatsigiri vekurambidzwa uku inyika dzemuAfrica, Latin America, neAsia-Pacific). Vanoti kuva nemashandisirwo ezvombo zvenyukireya hakugoni kuwiriraniswa nenheyo dzemitemo yehondo. Kunenge kushandiswa kupi nokupi kunobvira kwezvombo zvenyukireya kungauraya vanhuwo zvavo vasingaverengeki uye kukuvadza zvikuru zvakatipoteredza. Kushandiswa nekutora zvombo zvenyukireya, muchidimbu, hakuna hunyanzvi uye kunofanirwa kunzi hazvisi pamutemo.
Chibvumirano chekurambidza, kana chikagamuchirwa, chingangove chakaumbwa nemavara mapfupi anozivisa kushandiswa, kuve, uye kuendesa zvombo zvenyukireya zvisiri pamutemo. Kurambidzwa kwekudyara mumakambani ane chekuita nekugadzirwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya kunogona kunge kuri muzvinyorwa. Asi hurongwa hwakadzama hwekubviswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya uye mapuratifomu ekutumira anozofanira kusiiwa kune rimwe zuva. Kutaurirana nezvezvirongwa zvakadaro kunozoda kuti kuvepo uye kutsigirwa kwenyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya, uye kuti, parizvino, kwete zvinogona kuitika.
Great Britain, yakagara iri mutakuri wemitemo yehondo, yapedza makore mashoma apfuura ichiedza kukanganisa chirongwa chekurambidza-chibvumirano. Hurumende dzeBelgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, neSpain dzinotsigira Britain mukupikisa kwayo kuita kuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvive zvisiri pamutemo, sezvinoita Australia, Canada, neUnited States. Hapana kana mumwe wavo ari kutarisirwa kupinda munhaurirano idzi. United Kingdom nevamwe vayo vanopokana kuti zvombo zvenyukireya hazvina kufanana nezvimwe zvombo zvese. Zvombo zvenyukireya, vanodaro, hazvisi zvombo zvachose asi “zvidziviriro”—zvishandiso zvegadziriro yehurumende ine musoro uye inovimbika kupfuura umambo hwemutemo. Zvakadaro kubva pamaonero ematunhu mazhinji pasirese, kushora kwenyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya nevabatsiri vadzo pakurambidza zvombo zvenyukireya kunoratidzika kuva hunyengeri hwakadzama. Vatsigiri vechirambidzo vanopokana kuti, kwete chete kushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya kwaizopesana nemweya wenheyo dzemitemo yehondo, mhedzisiro yerubatsiro uye yezvakatipoteredza yehondo yenyukireya yaisazove nemiganhu yenyika.
Ban-treaty movement iri mune dzimwe nzira inoyeuchidza Haitian revolution ya 1791. Iyi yekupedzisira yakanga iri nguva yokutanga iyo vanhu vaiva muuranda vachipandukira tenzi wavo vachimiririra tsika dze "pasi rose" iyo varanda pachavo vaiti vanotsigira - kupandukira kwemuzivi. Slavoj Žižek has akadana 'chimwe chezviitiko zvikurusa munhoroondo yevanhu.' Vachifamba vachienda kuimba yeMarseillaise, varanda veHaiti vakakumbira kuti masirogani e rusununguko, equality, uye fraternité kutorwa pamutengo chaiwo. Nyika dzinokurudzira chibvumirano chekurambidza nyukireya, hongu, hadzisi muuranda sevaHaiti, asi nyaya mbiri idzi dzinogovana girama yetsika imwechete: seti yetsika dzepasirese ndeyekutanga kusimudzirwa kune vanoigadzira.
Kufanana nerevolution yeHaiti, iyo yakanyaradzwa nevakuru veFrance kwemakore Napoleon asati atumira mauto kuzoimisa, bato renyukireya rekurambidza-chibvumirano harina kufuratirwa muhurukuro yavose. Sezvo pfungwa yekurambidzwa ndeyekunyadzisa United Kingdom nedzimwe nyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya mukuderedza uye pakupedzisira kubvisa WMD yavo, danho riri pachena raTheresa May nehurumende yake nderokurega nhaurirano dzekurambidza chibvumirano ichipfuura nekunyarara. Hapana kutariswa, hapana kunyara. Parizvino, vezvenhau veBritain vakaita kuti basa rehurumende yeUK rive nyore.
Izvo zvicharamba zvichionekwa kuti Britain nemamwe masimba enyukireya akagadzwa anogona kuramba zviri kuitika mumutemo wenyika dzakawanda kwenguva yakareba sei. Zvicharamba zvichionekwa kana chibvumirano chekurambidza chichava nemhedzisiro inooneka pakuedza kuderedza uye kubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya. Zvechokwadi zvinogoneka kuti chibvumirano chekurambidza chichava nemigumisiro shoma pane tariro yevatsigiri vayo. Asi kushanduka kwemutemo kwemamiriro ezvinhu kwakakosha. Zvinoratidza kuti nyika seBritain haichafariri chii Hedley Bull rinozivikanwa sechikamu chepakati chechimiro sesimba guru: 'masimba makuru masimba kuzivikanwa nevamwe kuva ne … kodzero dzakakosha nemabasa'. Kodzero yakakosha yeBritain yekuva nezvombo zvenyukireya, yakanyorwa neNuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ya1968, yave kubviswa nevepasi rose. Kipling— nyanduri wehumambo — anomuka mupfungwa:
Kana, takadhakwa nekuona simba, tinosunungura
Ndimi dzemusango dzisingakutyii.
Kuzvirumbidza kwakadaro kunoitwa navaHedheni.
Kana mapoka maduku pasina Mutemo—
Ishe Mwari wehondo, chivaiwo nesu;
Kuti tirege kukanganwa-kuti tirege kukanganwa!
