NaDavid Swanson
Bhuku raDaniel Ellsberg idzva The Doomsday Machine: Confessions of Nuclear War Planner. Ndakaziva munyori kwemakore, ndinodada kupfuura nakare kose kuti nditaure. Takaita kutaura zviitiko uye kubvunzurudzwa kwenhau pamwechete. Isu takasungwa pamwechete tichiratidzira hondo. Takataurirana pachena nezvematongerwo enyika musarudzo. Isu takapesana muchivande kururamisa kweHondo Yenyika II. (Dan anotendera US kupinda muHondo Yenyika yechipiri, uye zvinoita kunge kuhondo yeKorea futi, kunyangwe iye asina chaanowana kunze kwekupa mhosva kubhomba kwevagari vakaumba zvakawanda zvakaitwa neUS muhondo idzodzo.) I ' ndakakoshesa maonero ake uye ave kuda zvisingatsanangurike kukumbira yangu pamhando dzese dzemibvunzo. Asi bhuku iri rakangondidzidzisa zvakawanda zvandanga ndisina kuziva nezvaDaniel Ellsberg uye nezve pasirese.
Nepo Ellsberg achireurura kuve nekutenda zvine ngozi uye nekunyepedzera izvo zvaachisiri kubata, kuti akashanda mukati mekambani inoronga kuparadza rudzi, kutora matanho akanyatsorehwa seanopomba izvo zvakadzora, uye kuve nekunyora mazwi aasina kuwirirana nawo, isu dzidza kubva kubhuku rino kuti akaita zvakabudirira uye zvakanyanya kufambisa hurumende yeUS munzira yekusaremekedza uye inotyisa mitemo kare vasati vasiya kunze uye kuva murungu. Uye paakaridza muridzo, aive nehurongwa hwakakura kwazvo hwayo kupfuura chero munhu anga achiziva.
Ellsberg haana kuteedzera uye kubvisa mazana manomwe ezviuru emapeji akazove Pentagon Mapepa. Akakopa ndokubvisa mapeji anenge 7,000 15,000. Iwo mamwe mapeji anga akatarisana nemitemo yehondo yenyukireya. Akaronga kuvaita nhepfenyuro inotevera yenhau, mushure mekuvhenekera mwenje kutanga pahondo yeVietnam. Iwo mapeji akarasika, uye izvi hazvina kumboitika, uye ndinoshamisika kuti ingangove yakakanganisa sei chikonzero chekubvisa mabhomba enyukireya. Iniwo ndinoshamisika kuti nei bhuku iri rave nenguva yakareba kuuya, kwete kuti Ellsberg haana kuzadza makore ekupindirana nebasa rakakosha. Chero zvazvingaitika, isu ikozvino tave nebhuku rinotora ndangariro dzaEllsberg, zvinyorwa zvakaitwa pachena kwemakumi emakore, kufambira mberi kwekunzwisisa kwesainzi, basa revamwe varidzi vemiridzo uye vatsvagiri, kureurura kwevamwe varongi vehondo yenyukireya, uye nekumwe kuwedzera kwechizvarwa chakapfuura. kana zvakadaro.
Ndinovimba bhuku iri rakaverengwa zvakanyanya, uye kuti chimwe chezvidzidzo zvakatorwa mariri ndiko kudikanwa kwekuti marudzi emunhu awedzere kuzvininipisa. Pano tinoverenga yakakwira-padyo nhoroondo kubva mukati meWhite House nePentagon yeboka revanhu vanoita zvirongwa zvehondo yenyukireya zvichienderana nepfungwa dzenhema zvachose dzekuti chii chichaitwa nemabhomba enyukireya (kusiya mhedzisiro yemoto uye utsi kunze kwekuverenga kwekukuvara, uye ichishaya iyo pfungwa yechando chenyukireya), uye yakavakirwa pamaumbirwo akagadzirwa zvachose ezvaiitwa neSoviet Union (vachifunga kuti kwaive kufunga kukanganisa apo yaifunga kuzvidzivirira, ichitenda kuti yaive nemakombuta chiuru epakati pezvikopokopo paine mana), uye yakavakirwa pakunzwisisika kwakashata kwezvakaitwa nevamwe muhurumende yeUS pachayo (nematanho ekuvanzika achiramba ruzivo rwechokwadi nerwenhema kuruzhinji neruzhinji rwehurumende). Iyi inyaya yekusaremekedza kushaya hanya nehupenyu hwevanhu, zvichidarika izvo zvevagadziri uye vanoedza bhomba reatomu, avo vakaisa kubhejera pamusoro pekuti ingabatisa mhepo uye kupisa pasi. VaEllsberg vaaishanda navo vaitungamirwa nemakwikwi ehurongwa uye ruvengo rwepfungwa zvekuti vaizofarira kana kupokana nezvakawanda zvombo zvinokandwa pasi kana zvabatsira Mauto Emhepo kana kukuvadza Mauto, uye vangaronga chero kurwa neRussia kuti ikurumidze kuda kuparadzwa kwenyukireya. yeguta rega rega muRussia neChina (uye muEurope kuburikidza neSoviet yepakati-renji makomba uye mabhomba uye kubva padhuze-mukati kudonha kubva kuUS kurwisa kwenyukireya kuSoviet bloc nharaunda). Sanganisa uyu mufananidzo wevatungamiriri vedu vanodiwa nenhamba yevanopotsa-kuburikidza nekusanzwisisana nenjodzi yatakadzidza pamusoro pemakore, uye chinhu chinoshamisa hachisi chekuti benzi rinoshamisira rinogara muWhite House nhasi richityisidzira moto nehasha, ne Congressional komiti inonzwa pachena ichiita kunge hapana chingaitwe kudzivirira apocalypse yaTrump. Chinhu chinoshamisa ndechekuti hunhu huchiri pano.
“Kupenga kuri chinhu chisingawanzoitiki; asi mumapoka, mapato, nyika, nenguva, ndiwo mutemo. ” -Friedrich Nietzsche, akataurwa naDaniel Ellsberg.
Memo yakanyorerwa Mutungamiri Kennedy chete kuti apindure mubvunzo wekuti vangani vanhu vangangofa muRussia neChina mukurwiswa kwenyukireya kweUS. Ellsberg akange abvunza mubvunzo uye akatenderwa kuverenga mhinduro. Kunyangwe yaive mhinduro kusaziva nezvenyukireya nguva yechando ingangodaro ichauraya vanhu vese, uye kunyangwe chikonzero chepamusoro chekufa, moto, chakasarudzwawo, chirevo chakataura kuti nezve 1 / 3 yemunhu yaizofa. Ndiro kwaive kuronga kuuraya nekukasira zvichitevera kutanga kwehondo neRussia. Iko kururamisa kwekupenga kwakadai kwagara kuri kwekuzvinyengera, uye nekunyengera neruzhinji.
"Chirevo chakaziviswa chepamutemo chehurongwa hwakadai," Ellsberg anonyora, "chagara chiri chikonzero chekufungidzira - kana zvichidikanwa kupindura - kurwisa kwenyukireya kweRussia kwekutanga kurwisa United States. Icho chinotendwa neruzhinji chirevo chevanhu kunyengera kwemaune. Kudzorera kushamisika kweSoviet kurwisa kwenyukireya-kana kupindura pakurwisa kwakadaro-hakuna kumbove iko chete kana kunyangwe chinangwa chekutanga chehurongwa hwedu hwenyukireya nekugadzirira. Hunhu, chiyero, uye kumira kwemauto edu enyukireya zvakagara zvakaumbwa nezvinodiwa zvezvinangwa zvakasiyana: kuyedza kudzora kukanganisa kweUnited States kubva kuSoviet kana kuRussia kutsiva kuenda kuUS kutanga kurwisa USSR kana Russia. Kugona uku, kunyanya, kunoitirwa kusimbisa kuvimbika kwekutyisidzira kweUS kutanga mashoma ekurwisa kwenyukireya, kana kuita kuti zviwedzere - kutyisidzira kweUS 'kwekutanga' - kukunda mumatunhu, kutanga kusava nenyukireya kunosanganisira mauto eSoviet kana eRussia kana vatsigiri. ”
Asi United States haina kumbotyisidzira Hondo yenyukireya kusvika VaTrump vauya!
Unotenda izvozvo here?
"Vatungamiriri veUS," Ellsberg anotiudza, "vakashandisa zvombo zvedu zvenyukireya kakawanda 'mumatambudziko,' zvakanyanya muchivande kubva kuruzhinji rweAmerica (asi kwete kubva kuvavengi). Vadzishandisa nenzira chaiyo inoshandiswa nepfuti kana yakanongedzwa kune mumwe munhu pakatarisana. ”
Mapurezidhendi eU.S. avo vakatyisidzira veruzhinji kana zvakavanzika kutyisidzira kune mamwe marudzi, atinoziva, uye sezvakatsanangurwa naEllsberg, vanosanganisira Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, George HW Bush, Bill Clinton, naDonald Trump, vamwe , kusanganisira Barack Obama, vagara vachitaura zvinhu zvakaita sekuti "Sarudzo dzese dziri patafura" zvine chekuita neIran kana imwe nyika.
Eya, kanenge bhatani renyukireya riri mumawoko emutungamiriri wenyika chete, uye anogona chete kurishandisa nekubatana kwemusoja anotakura "nhabvu," uye chete nekuteerera kwevakuru vakasiyana siyana mukati meuto reUS.
Iwe uri wakakomba here?
Kwete chete kuti Congress yakangonzwa kubva kumutsara wezvapupu uyo mumwe nemumwe akataura kuti pangave pasina nzira yekumisa Trump kana chero mumwe mutungamiriri wenyika kutanga hondo yenyukireya (zvichipiwa kuti kumhan'arwa nekutongwa hazvifanire kutaurwa zvine chekuita nechinhu chisina basa seapocalypse kudzivirira). Asi zvakare hazvina kumboitika kuti mutungamiri wenyika chete ndiye anogona kuraira kushandiswa kwema nukes. Uye iyo "nhabvu" inzvimbo yemitambo. Vateereri ndeveruzhinji rweUS. Elaine Scarry's Thermonuclear Monarchy inotsanangura matanho emambo ehumambo kubva pakutenda mubhatani remutungamiriri wenyika. Asi iko kutenda kwenhema.
Ellsberg anorondedzera masosi akasiyana siyana evakuru akapihwa simba rekumisikidza mamanyukeni, kuti iyo pfungwa yese yekuvimbisa kuparadzaniswa kuburikidza nekutsiva kunoenderana nekugona kweUnited States kuvhura muchina wayo wezuva rekuparadzwa kunyangwe mutungamiri wenyika asingakwanise, uye sei vamwe mauto anotora mapurezidhendi vasina simba nehunhu hwavo kunyangwe vachiri vapenyu uye vakagwinya uye nokudaro vanozvitenda kuva masimba evatungamiriri vemauto ekuunza magumo. Izvo zvaive uye pamwe zvichiri zvechokwadi muRussia, uye pamwe ichokwadi mukuwedzera kwenhamba yenyika dzenyukireya. Heano Ellsberg: “Kana purezidhendi panguva iyoyo kana iye zvino — nekungova nemitemo inodikanwa kuvhura kana kuputisa chero zvombo zvenyukireya (hapana makodhi akasarudzika akambobatwa nemutungamiriri wenyika) - panyama kana neimwe nzira kudzivirira ma Joint Chiefs of Staff kana chero mukuru wemauto emitambo (kana, sekutsanangura kwandaita, kuraira mukuru wepabasa) kubva mukupa mirairo yakadaro. ” Ellsberg paakakwanisa kuzivisa Kennedy nezvechiremera Eisenhower chaakatumira kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya, Kennedy akaramba kuchinja mutemo. VaTrump, nenzira, vanonzi vanga vachinyanya kuda kupfuura Obama kwaive kupa masimba kuuraya ne missile kubva ku drone, pamwe nekuwedzera kugadzirwa nekutyisidzira kwekushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya.
Ellsberg anorondedzera zvaakaita pakuita vakuru vehurumende, munyori wezve "kudzivirira" uye mutungamiri wenyika, vachiziva pamusoro pehurongwa hwehondo yenyukireya hwakachengetwa hwakavanzika nekunyeperwa nemauto. Iyi ndiyo yaive fomu yake yekutanga yekuridza muridzo: kuudza purezidhendi zvaive zvemauto. Anobatawo kushorwa kwevamwe muchiuto kune dzimwe sarudzo dzaMutungamiri Kennedy, uye mutungamiriri weSoviet Nikita Khrushchev kutya kuti Kennedy angatarisana nehutongi. Asi pakasvika mutemo wezve nyukireya, coup yaivepo munzvimbo Kennedy asati asvika kuWhite House. Vatungamiriri vezvigaro zviri kure izvo zvinowanzo kurasikirwa nekutaurirana vanonzwisisa (vanonzwisisa?) Ivo pachavo kuti vave nesimba rekuhodha ndege dzese, vakatakura zvombo zvenyukireya, kusimuka panguva imwe chete munzira imwechete muzita rekumhanyisa, uye panjodzi yedambudziko shanduko yendege kumhanya. Idzi ndege dzaifanira kuenda dzese kumaguta eRussia neChina, pasina hurongwa hwakajeka hwekupona kune imwe yeimwe ndege dzinopfuura nharaunda. Chii Dr Strangelove vanogona kunge vakawana zvisirizvo zvaisango kusanganisira zvakakwana zveSoftware Cops.
Kennedy akaramba kuisa masimba enyukireya pakati, uye Ellsberg paakaudza Secretary of "Defence" Robert McNamara wevamiriri veUS vari kuchengetwa zvisiri pamutemo muJapan, McNamara akaramba kuvaburitsa. Asi Ellsberg akakwanisa kudzokorora marongero ehondo yenyukireya eUS kubva pakuronga zvega kurwisa maguta ese uye munzira yekufunga nzira yekunanga kure nemaguta uye kutsvaga kumisa hondo yenyukireya iyo yakanga yatanga, iyo yaizoda kuchengetedza kuraira nekutonga pa mativi ese, izvo zvinobvumidza kuraira kwakadaro uye kutonga kuti kuvepo. Anonyora Ellsberg: "'Yangu' yakadzokororwa nhungamiro yakava hwaro hwekushanda kwehurongwa hwehondo pasi paKennedy - yakaongororwa neni seMutevedzeri Wemunyori Gilpatric muna 1962, 1963, uye zvakare muhutongi hwaJohnson muna 1964. ave achikanganisa zvikuru kuronga kwehondo kweUnited States kubvira ipapo. ”
Nhoroondo yaEllsberg yeCuba yeMissile Crisis chete chikonzero chekutora bhuku iri. Ipo Ellsberg achitenda hutongi hweUS chaiko (kusiyana nengano nezve "muswe gumbo") zvaireva kuti kwaisazove nekurwiswa kweSoviet, Kennedy aiudza vanhu kuti vavande pasi pevhu. Ellsberg aida kuti Kennedy ataure muchivande Khrushchev kuti amire bluffing. Ellsberg akanyora chikamu chehurukuro kuna Deputy Secretary of Defence Roswell Gilpatric iyo yakawedzera pane kudzikisira kusagadzikana, pamwe nekuti Ellsberg anga asiri kufunga maererano neSoviet Union ichizvidzivirira, yeKhrushchev seyekunyepedzera maererano nekwaniso-kekushandisa kugona. Ellsberg anofunga kuti kukanganisa kwake kwakabatsira kutungamira kuUSSR kuisa zvombo muCuba. Ipapo Ellsberg akanyora hurukuro yaMcNamara, achitevera rairo, kunyangwe aifunga kuti yaizotyisa, uye yaive.
Ellsberg akapikisa kutora zvombo zveUS kubva kuTurkey (uye anotenda kuti hazvina zvazvakaita mukugadziriswa kwedambudziko). Mune account yake, vese Kennedy naKhrushchev vangadai vakagamuchira chero chibvumirano kwete hondo yenyukireya, zvakadaro vakasundira mhedzisiro zvirinani kudzamara vagara pamucheto wedombo. Cuban yepasi-pasi yakapfura ndege yeUS, uye iyo US haina kukwanisa kufungidzira raisave iro basa raFidel Castro pasi pemirairo yakasimba yakanangwa naKhrushchev. Zvichakadaro Khrushchev akatendawo kuti raive basa raCastro. Uye Khrushchev aiziva kuti Soviet Union yakaisa zvombo zvenyukireya zana muCuba nevatungamiriri vemunharaunda vakapiwa mvumo yekuzvishandisa pakurwisa. Khrushchev akanzwisisawo kuti padzangangoshandiswa, United States inogona kutanga kurwisa kwenyukireya kuRussia. Khrushchev akamhanyira kuzivisa kuti zvombo zvacho zvaizobva kuCuba. Nenyaya yaEllsberg, akazviita pamberi pechibvumirano maererano neTurkey. Nepo munhu wese akabuditsa dambudziko iri munzira kwayo angave akabatsira kuponesa nyika, kusanganisira Vassily Arkhipov uyo akaramba kuvhura torpedo yenyukireya kubva mungarava yeSoviet, gamba chairo rengano yaEllsberg, pakupedzisira, ndinofunga, Nikita Khrushchev, uyo akasarudza kutukwa kunofungidzirwa uye kunyadziswa pane kutsakatiswa. Akange asiri murume aida kubvuma kutukwa. Asi, hongu, kunyangwe iko kutuka kwaakazopedzisira agamuchira hakuna kumbobvira kunzi kunzi "Little Rocket Man."
Chikamu chechipiri chebhuku raEllsberg chinosanganisira nhoroondo inonzwisisika yekuvandudzwa kwemabhomba emuchadenga uye kugamuchirwa kwekuuraya vanhu sechimwe chinhu kunze kwekuuraya kwaifungidzirwa kuve pamberi peHondo Yenyika II. (Muna 2016, ndingadai ndakacherekedza, mutungamiriri wedare remakurukota akabvunza vavhoterwa kana vachida kubhomba mazana nezviuru zvevana sechikamu chemabasa avo akakosha.) Ellsberg anotipa nyaya yakajairika iyo yekutanga Germany yakabhomba London, uye chete gore rakazotevera vanhu veBritish vakarova mabhomba kuGerman. Asi zvino anorondedzera kuBritain kubhomba, pakutanga, muna Chivabvu 1940, sekutsiva kubhomba kweGerman kweRotterdam. Ndinofunga angadai akadzokera kubhomba raApril 12 chechitima chechitima cheGerman, kubhomba kwaOpril 22 kuOslo, uye kubhomba kwaApril 25 kweguta reHeide, zvese izvi zvakakonzera kutyisidzira kweGerman kwekutsiva. (Maona Utsi hweMunhu naNicholson Baker.) Zvirokwazvo, Germany yakanga yatoputitsa varwi muSpain nePoland, sezvakaitwa neBritain muIraq, India, uye South Africa, uye sezvakaita mativi maviri padiki padiki muhondo yenyika yekutanga. Ellsberg inoverengera kukwira kwemutambo wekupomerwa usati wagadzika paLondon:
"Hitler aiti, 'Tichadzorera zvinezana kana ukaenderera izvi. Ukasamisa bhomba iri, ticharova London. ' Churchill akaramba achirwisa, uye vhiki mbiri mushure mekurwiswa kwekutanga, musi waGunyana 7, Blitz yakatanga-yekutanga kurwisa nemaune kuLondon. Izvi zvakapihwa naHitler semhinduro yake pakurwiswa kweBritain neBerlin. Kurwiswa kweBritain, zvakare, kwakaratidzwa semhinduro kune zvaifungidzirwa kuti kurwisa nemaune kweGerman kuLondon. ”
Hondo Yenyika II, nenyaya yaEllsberg - uye ingagone kupikiswa sei? - aive, mumashoko angu, kuuraya kwemuchadenga nemapato mazhinji. Kugamuchirwa kwetsika kweizvozvo kwave kunesu kubva ipapo. Nhanho yekutanga yekuvhura magedhi eutiziro, inokurudzirwa naEllsberg, ichave yekumisikidza mutemo wekusashandisa-kwekutanga. Batsira kuita izvi pano.
