naChristine Ahn, www.truth-out.org, Chikunguru 22nd, 2017
Makore maviri apfuura, ndakayambuka muganhu wepasirese wakasimba kubva kuNorth kuenda kuSouth Korea nevakadzi makumi matatu vanoita runyararo kubva kunyika gumi neshanu, ndichidaidza chibvumirano cherunyararo chekupedza Hondo yeKorea yemakore gumi nematanhatu. Musi waChikunguru 30, ndakarambidzwa kupinda muSouth Korea kubva kuUnited States semubairo wekuratidzira kwangu runyararo, kusanganisira kufora kwerunyararo kwevakadzi kwa15.
Pandakatarisa ndege yangu yeAsiana Airlines yaienda kuShanghai paSan Francisco International Airport, mumiriri wematikiti pakaunda akandiudza kuti handichakwira ndege yaienda kuSeoul Incheon International. Mutariri wacho akandidzorera pasipoti yangu ndokundiudza kuti akanga achangobva kufonera mumwe mukuru wehurumende yeSouth Korea akanga amuudza kuti ndakanga “ndarambidzwa kupinda” munyika yacho.
“Iyi ingave kukanganisa,” ndakadaro. "Chokwadi South Korea ichandirambidza here nekuti ndakaronga mafambiro erunyararo evakadzi munzvimbo isina mauto?" ndakabvunza ndichinyengerera hana yake. Kana zvechokwadi pakanga pane kurambidzwa kufamba, ndakafunga, kunofanira kunge kwakaiswa panzvimbo neMutungamiriri Park akanyadziswa. Asi aisada kundibata kumeso. Akafamba achibva ati hapana zvekuita. Ini ndaizoda kunyorera vhiza uye kubhuka ndege itsva kuenda kuShanghai. Ndakadaro, asi ndisati ndakwira ndege yangu, ndakataura neveteran vatori venhau Tim Shorrock weThe Nation naChoe Sang-hun weNew York Times.
Pandakasvika muShanghai, pamwe chete nemufambidzani wangu Ann Wright, Colonel wemauto eUS akasiya basa uye aimbove mumiriri weUS, takasvika kune network, kubva kumahofisi eCongress kusvika kumahofisi epamusoro kuUnited Nations kusvika kune vakadzi vane simba uye vakabatana vakafora. nesu mhiri kwedemilitarized zone (DMZ) muna 2015.
Maawa mashomanana, Mairead Maguire, mubairo weNobel Runyararo kubva kuNorthern Ireland, uye Gloria Steinem vakatumira maemail vachikurudzira mumiriri weSouth Korea kuUS, Ahn Ho-young, kuti vafunge zvakare kurambidzwa kwavo kufamba. Gloria akanyora kuti, “Ndaisagona kuzvikanganwira kana ndikasaita zvose zvandaigona kuti Christine asarangwa nokuda kwechiito chokutsigira nyika yake uye rudo rwaifanira kupiwa mubayiro. Ivo vese vakaratidza kuti kurambidzwa kwekufamba kwaizonditadzisa kupinda musangano wakakokerwa nemasangano erunyararo evakadzi vekuSouth Korea muna Chikunguru 27, zuva rekurangarira kupera kwehondo kwakamira, asi hakuna kupera zviri pamutemo, Hondo yeKorea.
Maererano ne iyo New York Times, iyo yakaparura nhau yacho, ndakarambidzwa kupinda nechikonzero chokuti ndaigona “kukuvadza fariro dzenyika nokuchengeteka kwevoruzhinji.” Kurambidzwa kwekufamba kwakavambwa muna 2015 panguva yekutonga kwaPark Geun-hye, mutungamiri akamiswa ari mutirongo achipomerwa huwori hukuru, kusanganisira kugadzira mubatanidzwa. blacklist yevanyori ve10,000 uye maartist anotsoropodza marongero ehutongi uye akanzi "pro-North Korean."
Mumaawa makumi maviri nemana, mushure mekuchema kukuru kweveruzhinji - kusanganisira kunyangwe kubva zvangu vatsoropodzi - hutungamiri hweMwedzi huchangobva kusarudzwa hwakasimudza kurambidzwa kwekufamba. Kwete chete kuti ndaizokwanisa kudzokera kuSeoul, kwandakaberekerwa uye uko madota evabereki vangu akarara pedyo netemberi yechiBhudha mumakomo akapoteredzwa eBukhansan, ndaizokwanisa kuramba ndichishanda nevakadzi vekuSouth Korea vanoita runyararo kuti tiite chinangwa chedu: kugumisa Hondo yeKorea nechibvumirano cherunyararo.
Kukurumidza kusimudzwa kwechirambidzo kwakaratidza zuva idzva paKorea Peninsula ine hutongi hwejekerere uye yakajeka yeSouth Korea, asiwo tarisiro chaiyo yekuwana chibvumirano cherunyararo neMutungamiri Moon [Jae-in] musimba.
Vanobvumirana Vanodaidza Chibvumirano cheRunyararo cheKorea
Musi waChikunguru 7, muBerlin, Germany, pamberi peMusangano weG20, Mutungamiriri Mwedzi akadana “chibvumirano cherunyararo chakabatanidzwa nemapato ese akakodzera pakupera kweHondo yeKorea kugadzirisa runyararo rusingaperi papeninsula.” South Korea parizvino yabatana neNorth Korea neChina mukudaidzira chibvumirano cherunyararo kugadzirisa gakava ragara riripo.
Kutaura kwaMwedzi kuBerlin kwakatevera mushure memusangano wavo muWashington, uko Mwedzi sezviri pachena wakagamuchira makomborero eMutungamiri Trump kuti vatangezve nhaurirano dzepakati peKorea. "Ini ndakagadzirira kusangana nemutungamiri weNorth Korea Kim Jong-un chero nguva uye chero nzvimbo," Moon akadaro, kana mamiriro aive akanaka. Mukusimuka kwakakosha kubva kune vakamutangira vakaoma, Mwedzi akajekesa, "Hatidi kuti North Korea ipunzike, uye hatizotsvage chero nzira yekubatana nekunyura."
Mugwaro reBlue House (rakaenzana nebepa reWhite House) rakaburitswa munaChikunguru 19, Mwedzi akatsanangura mabasa zana aanoronga kuita mukati metemu yake imwe chete yemakore mashanu. Chekutanga pane yake rondedzero yaisanganisira kusaina chibvumirano cherunyararo ne100 uye "denuclearization yakakwana" yeKorea Peninsula. Mune pivot yekuwanazve hutongi hwakazara hweSouth Korea, Mwedzi waisanganisirawo kutaurirana nezvekudzoka kwekutanga kwekutonga kwemauto ehondo kubva kuUnited States. Izvi zvaisanganisira hurongwa hwehupfumi nebudiriro hunogona kufambiswa mberi kana nhaurirano dzepakati peKorea dzichienderera, sekuvaka bhandi resimba pamativi ese eKorea Peninsula inozobatanidza nyika yakakamukana, uye kudzoreredza misika yepakati-yeKorea.
Kunyange zvibodzwa izvi zvingaite sezvisingadaviriki munzvimbo yakaoma pakati pemaKorea maviri, zvinogoneka, kunyanya kupihwa Mwedzi kusimbaradza kwediplomacy, nhaurirano uye kuita kwevanhu-kune-vanhu, kubva pakusanganazve kwemhuri kusvika mukutsinhana kweveruzhinji, kune rubatsiro rwevanhu kuenda kuhondo- hurukuro dzechiuto. NeChipiri, akakurudzira hurukuro neNorth Korea kuDMZ kuti vakurukure nyaya idzi, kunyange hazvo Pyongyang isati yapindura.
Amai vaMutungamiri Mwedzi vakaberekerwa kuchamhembe Korea isati yapatsanurwa. Iye zvino anogara kuSouth Korea uye anoramba akaparadzaniswa nehanzvadzi yake, inogara kuNorth Korea. Kwete Mwedzi chete unonzwisisa zvakadzama kurwadziwa uye kutambura kweinofungidzirwa 60,000 mhuri dzakasara dzakakamurwa muSouth Korea, anoziva kubva pane zvakaitika kwaari semukuru wevashandi kuMutungamiri Roh Moo-hyun (2002-2007), mutungamiri wekupedzisira weSouth Korea ane rusununguko, kuti kufambira mberi kwepakati-koreya kunogona kungoenda kure pasina kugadziriswa kwakarongeka kweHondo yeKorea pakati peUnited States neNorth Korea. Nekuona izvi, Mwedzi watarisana nedambudziko rinotyisa rekugadzirisa hukama hwepakati peKorea hwakafumuka mumakore gumi apfuura uye kuvaka zambuko pakati peWashington nePyongyang iro rakadhirika pamusoro pehutongi huviri hweUS hwakapfuura.
Vakadzi: Kiyi yekusvika kuChibvumirano cheRunyararo
NeSouth Korea, North Korea neChina dzose dziri kudaidzira kuti paitwe chibvumirano cherunyararo, zvakakosha kuziva kuti vanhukadzi vave muzvinzvimbo zvakakosha zvebazi rezvekunze munyika idzi. Mukufamba kwakasimba, Mwedzi akagadza gurukota rekunze rechikadzi rekutanga munhoroondo yeSouth Korea: Kang Kyung-hwa, mumwe wezvematongerwo enyika ane unyanzvi ane basa rakashongedzwa kuUnited Nations. Vakagadzwa nevaimbove Munyori Mukuru weUN, VaBan Ki-moon, Kang akashanda semutevedzeri wemukuru wekodzero dzevanhu uye mutevedzeri wemunyori mukuru wezverubatsiro asati ava chipangamazano chepamusoro kumukuru mutsva weUN, António Guterres.
MuPyongyang, mutungamiri weNorth Korea munhaurirano nevakuru veAmerica munhaurirano nevaimbova vakuru veUS ndiChoe Son-hui, director general weNorth America nyaya muNorth Korea Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Choe aifanirwa kusangana nenhumwa dzevamiriri-mapato evakuru veUS kubva kuhurumende yaObama naBush muNew York muna Kurume musangano uyu usati wakanganiswa. Choe akashanda semubatsiri uye muturikiri weSix-Party Talks uye mimwe misangano yepamusoro-soro nevakuru veUnited States, kusanganisira rwendo rwaAugust 2009 kuPyongyang neMutungamiri Bill Clinton. Aiva murairidzi uye muturikiri wemushakabvu Kim Kye-gwan, mukuru weNorth Korea mutauriri wenyukireya.
Zvichakadaro, kuChina, Fu Ying ndisachigaro [wekomiti yezvekune dzimwe nyika] weNational People's Congress. Akatungamira nhumwa dzeChinese kuSix-Party Hurukuro pakati pe2000s izvo zvakaunza budiriro yenguva pfupi yekuparadza chirongwa chenyukireya cheNorth Korea. Mune a chidimbu chazvino yeBrookings Institution, Fu akati, "Kuvhura chivharo chine ngura chenyaya yenyukireya yeKorea, tinofanira kutsvaga kiyi chaiyo." Fu anotenda kuti kiyi ndiyo "suspension for suspension" Chikumbiro chakaitwa neChina, icho chinodaidzira kumisa chirongwa chenyukireya cheNorth Korea uye chirongwa chehurefu-refu mukutsinhana kumisa mauto eUS-South Korea. Chikumbiro ichi, chekutanga chakaunzwa neNorth Korea muna 2015, chave kutsigirwawo neRussia uye chiri kuva yakatariswa zvakanyanya neSouth Korea.
Kang, Choe naFu vese vanogovana nzira yakafanana mukusimuka kwavo kutonga - vakatanga basa ravo sevaturikiri vechiRungu kumisangano yepamusoro yeshumiro yekunze. Vese vane vana, uye vanodzikamisa mhuri dzavo nemabasa avo anonetsa. Kunyange hazvo tisingafungire kuti chibvumirano cherunyararo chinovimbiswa nekuda kwekuti vakadzi ava vari kutonga, nyaya yekuti vakadzi vari muzvinzvimbo zvepamusoro mubazi rezvekunze kwenyika inokonzeresa kurongeka kwenhoroondo uye mukana.
Chatinoziva kubva kumakumi matatu emakore echiitiko ndechekuti chibvumirano cherunyararo chinowanzoitika nekubatanidzwa kwemapoka erunyararo evakadzi mukugadzirisa runyararo. Maererano ne kudzidza kukuru ichifukidza makore 30 egadziriro dzorugare 40 munyika 35, chibvumirano chakaitwa muzvose kunze kwechiitiko chimwe apo mapoka evakadzi akapesvedzera zvakananga gadziriro yorugare. Kubatanidzwa kwavo kwakakonzerawo kuwanda kwemazinga ekuita uye kusimba kwezvibvumirano. Kubva 1989-2011, ye182 yakasaina zvibvumirano zverunyararo, chibvumirano chaive ne35 muzana mukana wekugara makore gumi nemashanu kana vakadzi vakapinda mukusikwa kwayo.
Kana pakambove nenguva apo mapoka erunyararo evakadzi anofanirwa kushanda achiyambuka miganhu, iko zvino, apo zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda - mutauro, tsika nemagariro - zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti kusanzwisisana kuvepo, uye kukanganisa kune ngozi kuti kuitike, zvichigadzira nzira hurumende kuti dzizivise hondo. Pamusangano wedu waChikunguru 27 muSeoul, tinotarisira kutanga kutsanangura nzira yerunyararo yedunhu kana nzira iyo mapoka erunyararo evakadzi kubva kuSouth Korea, North Korea, China, Japan, Russia neUnited States vanogona kuita basa muhurongwa hwehurumende hwekuvaka runyararo. .
Rutsigiro Rworugare rweRugare
Zviripachena, chidimbu chisipo mupuzzle iyi iUnited States, uko VaTrump vakangozvikomberedza nevarume vachena, kunyanya vakuru vemauto, kunze kwaNikki Haley, mumiriri weUS kuUN, ane zvirevo kuNorth Korea - pamwe chete. dzinenge dzimwe nyika dzese - dzakadzosera kumashure kuedza kwekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika.
Nepo hutongi hwaTrump hunogona kunge husati hwadaidzira chibvumirano cherunyararo, denderedzwa riri kukura revakuru vakuru vari kuda kuita hurukuro nePyongyang kuti vamise chirongwa cheNorth Korea chezvombo zvenguva refu chisati charova nyika yeUS. A bipartisan tsamba kuna Trump yakasainwa nevaimbove vakuru vehurumende yeUS kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu vakakurudzira, "Kutaura hakusi mubairo kana chibvumirano kuPyongyang uye hazvifanirwe kutorwa sechiratidzo chekugamuchira North Korea ine zvombo zvenyukireya. Idanho rinodikanwa kutanga kutaurirana kudzivirira njodzi yenyukireya. " Pasina kutaura tsigiro yekudaidzira kweChina "kumiswa kwekumiswa," tsamba yakayambira kuti kunyangwe zvirango uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, North Korea iri kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwayo hwekupotsera uye nyukireya. "Pasina kuyedza kumisa kufambira mberi kwayo, hapana kupokana kuti ichagadzira chombo chenguva refu chinokwanisa kutakura zvombo zvenyukireya kuenda kuUnited States."
Izvi zvinovaka patsamba kuna Trump yakasainwa muna Chikumi ne64 Congressional Democrats kukurudzira hurukuro dzakananga neNorth Korea kudzivirira "kurwisana kusingafungidzike." Tsamba iyi yakatungamirwa naJohn Conyers, mumwe wevaviri vakasara vakashanda muHondo yeKorea. "Semunhu akaona kusawirirana uku kuchiitika kubva pandakatumirwa kuKorea ndiri Lieutenant weChiuto wechidiki," Conyers akadaro, "kusava nehanya, kusava neruzivo rwekutyisidzira mauto izvo zvinogona kuguma nekuparara pane kutsvaga hukama hwakasimba."
Aya machinjo makuru muWashington anoratidza kubvumirana kuri kukura pakati peveruzhinji: MaAmerican anoda runyararo neNorth Korea. Maererano naMay Economist/YouGov sarudzo, 60 muzana yevaAmerica, pasinei nevezvematongerwo enyika, vanotsigira nhaurirano dzakananga pakati peWashington nePyongyang. Pazuva remusangano weMwedzi-Trump, masangano anoda kusvika gumi nemaviri ehurumende, anosanganisira Win Pasina Hondo uye CREDO [Action], akaunza chikumbiro kuenda kuMwedzi kwakasainwa nevanopfuura zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu vekuAmerica vachipa rutsigiro rwakasimba pakuzvipira kwake kudiplomacy neNorth Korea.
Hurumende yeUS yakapatsanura Korean Peninsula (neyaimbova Soviet Union) uye yakasaina chibvumirano chezvombo ichivimbisa kudzoka kuhurukuro mumazuva makumi mapfumbamwe kuti vataurirane kugadzirisa runyararo zvachose. Hurumende yeUS ine hunhu uye mutemo mutoro wekupedza Hondo yeKorea nechibvumirano cherunyararo.
NeMwedzi musimba muSouth Korea uye vakadzi vepro-diplomacy munzvimbo dzakakosha dzebazi rezvekunze mudunhu iri, tarisiro yekusvika pachibvumirano cherunyararo ine tariro. Ikozvino, masangano erunyararo eUS anofanirwa kusundidzira kupera kwehutongi hwaObama hwakatadza mutemo weStrategic Patience - uye kusundidzira kumashure kutyisidzira kwehutongi hwaTrump hwekukwira kwemauto.
Pamberi pemusangano wavo weSeneti muWhite House, vatungamiri vechikadzi vanopfuura mazana maviri kubva kunyika dzinopfuura makumi mana - kusanganisira North neSouth Korea - vakakurudzira Trump kusaina chibvumirano cherunyararo icho chichaunza kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya kweKorea Peninsula neNortheast Asia dunhu uye kumisa chibvumirano. kuwanda kwezvombo zvenyukireya.
As tsamba yedu inoti, “Rugare ndicho chinodzivisa chine simba kupfuura zvose.”
