NaJohn LaForge
North Korea's May 7 kuzivisa kuti haisi kuzotanga kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya yakasangana nekusekwa kwemashoko panzvimbo pokuzorodzwa uye kuombera. Hazvina ruzivo rumwe rwechiziviso chandingawana chakataridzirwa kuti United States haina kumbobvira yaita sekuti-yekutanga kushandisa pledge. Hapana rimwe remashoko matatu ezvinyorwa akataurwa kunyange kuti North Korea haina rimwe remusoro wehondo yenyukireya rinoshandiswa. IThe New York Times yakabvuma, "Vakuru veSouth neSouth Korea havana chokwadi kuti North Korea yakagadzira missile yakavimbika ye intercontinental ballistic iyo inogona kupa nhare yenyukireya kunyika yeUnited States."
Nyukliya "kushandiswa kokutanga" zvinoreva nyukliya sneak kurwisa kana kuwedzera kubva pakuparara kwemajaya kusvika kushandiswa kwehondo yenyukireya, uye vatungamiri vauyisidzira yakawanda se15 nguva. Mukuvaka-kusvika ku1991 Persian Gulf bhomba, vakuru veUnited States vanosanganisira panguva iyoyo Def. Sec. Dick Cheney uye Sec. weHurumende James Baker pachena uye akadzokorora zvakare kuti US ingashandisa zvombo zvenyukireya. Pakati pebhodhi, Rep.Dan Burton, R-Ind., Uye munyori wenyori weCol Thomas vose vakakurudzira hondo yenyukireya muIraq.
Muna Kubvumbi 1996, mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri wezveDziviriro, VaBill Clinton, Herald Smith, vakatyisidzira pachena kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya kurwisa Libya isiri-yenyukireya - yaive bato reNuclear Nonproliferation Treaty - vachipomerwa kuvaka chivakwa chezvombo zvakavanzika. Munyori wezveDziviriro waClinton, William J. Perry, paakabvunzwa nezvenjodzi iyi akazvidzokorora achiti, "Hatisi kuzopika mukana uyu." (Sangano reNonproliferation rinorambidza kurwiswa kwenyukireya kune mamwe mapato enyika.)
Mu "Presidential Policy Directive 60" (PD 60) yeNovember 1997, Clinton akaita kuti nhare yenyukireya ishandise kutanga kushandisa varwi vake. US H-mabhomba akanga ari kutarirwa kumarudzi akaonekwa neDhipatimendi reHurumende kuti ave "anokwidza." PD 60 inotyisa ichideredza chikumbaridzo pamusoro pezvombo zvenyukireya zvingaita. Dzidziso yeClinton "inobvumira US kuunza zvombo zvenyukireya mukupindura kushandiswa kwemakemikari kana zvigadziriswa zvombo," Los Angeles neNew York Times yakashuma. (Kutaurirana kuti tinoda H-mabhomba kuti tidzivise kupikisa kwemakemikari kwakafanana tichiti tinoda nyukiliya kuti tigadzire mvura.) Kurasa kukanganisa kwemutemo pasi pebhazi, Clinton akabva "akaraira kuti mauto ... akachengetedze kodzero yekushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya kutanga, zvisati zvaitika kubviswa kwevengi muhondo. "
Kuraira kwaClinton kwaive kutsiura kwakashata kuNational Academy of Sayenzi (NAS) - boka rezano repamusoro soro renyika - iro rakakurudzira mwedzi mitanhatu zvisati zvaitika, musi wa18 Chikumi 1997, kuti US, "yazivisa kuti haisi kuzove yekutanga kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya muhondo kana mumatambudziko. ” Muna Kubvumbi 1998, Mumiriri weClinton kuUS kuMoscow akaramba kuramba kushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya kuIraq, achiti, "… hatirambe pamberi pehumwe hunyanzvi huripo kwatiri."
Zvakare, munaJanuary naFebruary 2003, Munyori weHurumende Colin Powell uye Munyori weMugumo weVictoria Press Ari Fleischer vakaramba kurondedzera zvakananga zvombo zvenyukireya sechisarudzo muhondo yeIraq, vachiti Sangano reUnited States harisi kutonga chinhu, Wade Boese weArms Control Association yakashuma. Uyezve, Def. Sec. Donald Rumsfeld vakati pane a Feb. 13 Senate Armed Services Komiti inonzwa kuti mutemo wepamutemo unoreva kuti US, "... isati yambotanga kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya kana ukarwiswa."
Kuisa kuguma kwekutyisa kukuru kwebhomba kwaizounza chiito cheUS mukuenderana nekutaura kweMutungamiri wenyika uko kwagara kuchishora "hugandanga hwenyukireya." Chibvumirano chepasi rose pamusoro pe "kusagadzikana kwenyukireya," chakagamuchirwa nenyika shanu dzakapakata zvombo zvenyukireya May 11, 1995, hachina kudzora mhosva dzekunyepedzera dzavakaitirwa. Chibvumirano chizere nezvakasiyana - semuenzaniso, PD 60 - uye hazvisunge. China chete ndiyo yakaita chibvumirano chisina mubvunzo ichi: “Hapana nguva uye chero mamiriro ezvinhu China ichava yekutanga kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya uye [China] inoita zvisingaite kusashandisa kana kutyisidzira kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya kurwisa nyika dzisiri dzenyukireya nenzvimbo dzisina nyukireya. . ” India yakaita vimbiso yakafanana-yekutanga-kushandisa.
Kuramba kushandiswa kweUnited States kushandiswa kokutanga kwaizoita kuti misoro yakanyanyisa iwedzere kuburikidza nekupedzisa kupikisana pamusoro pezvinonzi "chikumbaridzo" kushandiswa kweBhomba. Icho chinopedzisa zvakare kusanzwisisika kwevanhu kudarika kwekuzivisa kuti zvombo zvenyukireya ndezvokudzivirira chete panguva yekugadzirira kurwiswa "kusati kwasvibiswa muvengi wehondo."
Kupikira "kusashandiswa kwekutanga" kunoponesa mabhiriyoni emadhora mukutsvakurudza, kubudirira nekugadzirwa, uyewo mari yekuchengetedza matanho ekutanga: B61 H-mabhomba, Trident submarine warheads, Cruise uye nyika-based missile warheads.
Sezvineiwo, varongi vehondo yenyukireya avo vakashandisa yavo yekutanga-siteki "master kadhi" vanotenda kuti vakabudirira - nzira iyo gororo inogona kuwana bhegi remari ichishandisa pfuti yakatakura asi isina kudhonza iyo inokonzeresa. Vanoda kuchengeta "ace" yavo inotyisa kumusoro, uye vagadzira ruzvidzo rwakakura pakuramba zvachose kushandisa nyukireya, nekuti kuita kudaro kunogona kuramba kuchikonzera zvikonzero zve "kukunda" zvepamutemo zvekuyedza mabhomba emwaranzi kuHiroshima uye Nagasaki muna 1945.
IU.S. inofanira kunge yakagamuchira mutauro weChina unodzidza uye unopikira kusamboshandisa zvombo zvenyukireya pakutanga kana kuti kwete nenyaya dzisiri dzenyukireya. Kana Mutungamiri Obama achida kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwenyika pasina kukumbira ruregerero kuna Hiroshima paanoshanyira guta rinoyevedza, aigona kutora mutungamiri weChinton mutungamiri wehurumende neavo, achizivisa kuti US haichazovizve yekutanga kugadzira nyukliya.
John LaForge, akabatanidzwa ne PeaceVoice, ndiye Co-mutungamiri weNukewatch, boka rekururamisira uye yezvakatipoteredza muWisconsin, uye ari mutevedzeri weArianne Peterson weNuclear Heartland, Revised: Bhuku reChitsuwa cheHNC-based Based United States.
