The Next Frontier: Trump uye Space Weapons

NaKarl Grossman, CounterPunch

Zvinonyanya kuitika kuti Trump hurumende ichaenda kune imwe nyika yeAmerica kuzoshandisa zvombo munzvimbo. Kana izvi zvikaitika, zvichange zvichinyanyisa, kuisa mararamiro ehondo uye, pamwewo, kutungamirira kuhondo munzvimbo.

Kwemakumi emakore pane kuve nekufadzwa nehurumende yeUnited States-hurumende yeReagan ne "Star Wars" inoronga muenzaniso unotungamirira-mukuisa zvombo munzvimbo. Asi izvo zvakashandura nehumwe hurumende zvimwe-kana-zvishoma zvinopesana, Obama hutungamiri muenzaniso.

Kunyange zvakadaro, pasinei nehutungamiri, sezvo basa paUnited Nations rakatanga mu 1985 pachibvumirano chekutsvaga, sezvinoti musoro waro unoti, Kudzivirira kweArms Race muZvibhururu, US inenge isina kubatsigira. Canada, Russia neChina vave vatungamiri mukukurudzira chikamu chechibvumirano ichi chePAROS, uye pane zvese zvakatsigirwa kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzakapoteredza nyika. Asi kuburikidza nekuputika, hutungamiri hweUnited States mushure mokutungamira hwave huchidzivirira kupera kwayo

Nehurumende yeTrump, kupfuura kudarika kusingatsigiswi kwechibvumirano chePAROS chinogona kunge chiripo. Imotokari yeUnited States yekugadzirisa nzvimbo inowanikwa muchibvumirano.

Nzvimbo yekushandisa nzvimbo yakagara yakatsvakwa neuto reUnited States. IU.S. Air Force Space Command uye US Space Command (ikozvino yakabatana muUnited States Strategic Command) yakarondedzera nzvimbo iyo "nzvimbo yakakwirira yepamusoro"Kwakange kuri kuenderera mberi kwekushandiswa kwezvombo zvepakati.

Nyanzvi ye physics Edward Teller, chimiro chikuru pakuchengeta bhomba reHygengen uye mubatsiro mukugadzira Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory muCalifornia, yakadzingwa kuna Ronald Reagan, paakanga ari gavhuna weCalifornia achishanyira mabhii, chirongwa chekurwisa mabhodhoni e-hydrogen yakava kutanga nokuda kwe "Nyeredzi dzehondo" dzaReagan. Mabhomba aifanira kusimbisa laser X-ray. "Sezvo bhomba iri pamucheto we X-ray hondo yakatanga kuputika, mazamu akawanda aizobuda kuti aite zvinangwa zvakawanda vasati nzvimbo yose yakasvikirwa mukati maro mubhokisi remoto yenyukireya," akatsanangura kudaro New York Times munyori wenhau William Broad mubhuku rake Nyeredzi maWarri.

Chirongwa cheHit-bb chinotenderera H-bomb, zita rakanyorwa nezita rinonzi Excalibur, rakagumburwa, muchikamu, maererano neHurus, nokuti mumwe mutungamiri weReagan, Army Lt. General Daniel O. Graham, akanzwa kuti vanhu veUnited States havangambogamuchiri kuiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya mudenga. "

Saka pane kuchinja kwe "Star Wars kurwisana nemafora ane nuclear nyuzi kana" super "plutonium-yakagadziriswa radioisotope inonzi thermoelectric generator mubhokisi iyo inopa simba re hypervelocity zvigamba, zvinyorwa uyewo zvombo zveaser.

Ndeipi nzvimbo yezvombo zvingave masayendisiti uye mauto anotengesa Trump pane?

"Pasi peTrump, GOP kupa Zvipfeko Zvenguva Yakatarira Tarisa," yaiva musoro wehurukuro yakapera mwedzi in Ridza Call, anonzi 61 ane makore ane makore makumi mashanu anonzi Washington-based media outlet. Nyaya yacho yakati "Kutarisa kwaTrump pamapurogiramu ezvidziviriro uye zveuto zvehondo zvakasvibiswa kwete nekucherechedza, zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mutevedzeri wevasarudzo vezvidziviriro ... Asi nyanzvi vanotarisira kuti mapurogiramu akadaro azvidavirire nokuda kwechikamu chikuru chezvinhu zvinogona kuva kuzvidzivirira kwemari bhajamiro, iyo inogona kuwedzera $ 500 mabhiriyoni kana kupfuura mumakore gumi ari kuuya. "

Kutsigira kwakasimba kwezvirongwa zvemuRipublican purezidhendi zvinotarisirwa kubva kuGOP-inodzorwa Congress. Ridza Call vakataura kuti Representative Trent Franks, nhengo yeCommunity Armed Services Committee neArizona Republican, "vakadaro ruoko rweGOP rwakatsva kusimbiswa muWashington rinoreva zuva guru rekubhadhara riri kuuya nekuda kwezvirongwa zvinotungamirirwa nekugadzira zvombo zvinogona kuendeswa munzvimbo."

Yakatora mabhuku eFrananks achiti: "Yaiva pfungwa yeDemocrat yakatitadzisa kudzoka kubva munzvimbo yekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvisiri izvo kuti tisave 'zvombo zvombo,' apo vavengi vedu vakaita saizvozvo, uye zvino, tinozviwana tiri muguva kuputsika. "

Nekuda kwezvombo zvekushandisa iyo Trump inotarisira inogona kunge inofarira, iyo webhusaiti nenyunje News mune imwe nyaya mwedzi wapera-wakatungamirirwa "Donald Trump mutungamiri wekugadzira zvombo zvenguva" -chakaiswa kune izvo zvakanzi "matanda kubva kuna Mwari." Chikamu chakavhurwa ne: "Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha izvo iyo inofanirwa kutungamira Trump iri kufunga nezvekudzivirira ndeye kubatanidzwa kwemauto-based weapons. "Yakati" imwe nzira yekuuya kwehutungamiri ichacherechedza ichava zvigaro-zvigadziri zvinogona kukonzera zvinangwa pasi pano. Chimwe chirevo chakakonzera kumakumi emakumi mapfumbamwe inzira inogona kuva ye tungsten projectile uye yekufamba-famba. Paanorayira, idzi 'tsvimbo dzinobva kuna Mwari' sezvavanenge dzichinyadziswa dzinodedzesera kupinda zvakare pasi penyika uye dzinogona kukonzera chinangwa, kunyange imwe mubhadhadziro pasi pevhu, pamakumbo e36,000 nechipiri, ichiiparadza. "

Sezvakagadziriswa ne "vatungamiri vepamusoro veTrump vakuru" inonzi "Donald Trump 'rugare kuburikidza nesimba" nzvimbo yekuona "mu Space News munaOctober vakati, iyo Trump inotungamira icha "kutungamirira nzira yezvematongerwo enyika anokwanisa kuchinja shanduko ...

Zvinokosheswa naTrump pachirongwa chedu chemuchina wemauto chakajeka: Tinofanira kudzikisira panjodzi yedu yazvino uye nekuvimbisa kuti mauto edu emauto ane maturusi edenga avanoda kumabasa avo. ” Iyo op-ed yaive naRobert Walker uyo sekongressman akatungamira iyo US House Science, Space uye Technology Committee uye ave sachigaro weKomisheni pane Remangwana reUS Aerospace Committee naPeter Navarro, purofesa wezvebhizinesi paUniversity yeCalifornia. -Irvine.

Bruce Gagnon, mutungamiri we Global Network Kurwisana Nezvombo uye Nyukliya Simba muNzvimbo anoti: "Kunyange zvazvo zvinyorwa zvichange zvichinyatsozivikanwa pamusoro peTrump uye Republican Congress zvirongwa zvezvombo zvepakati, pane zvimwe zvinotyisa zvinokurudzira izvo zvave zvichiitika." Kwemakore 25, ruzivo rweMaine-based rwuri sangano rinoshanda munyika yose pane idzi nhau dzepakati.

Gagnon akaenderera mberi achiti: “Mazano ekuwedzera mari yePentagon kuisa ASAT (anti-satellite) zvombo muchadenga ingangodaro inonyanyisa kuvhiringidza nekuti masisitimu aya anoratidza kufunga kwekuti hondo yakazara mudenga iri mukufunga kwevamwe vava kutonga. Izvi hazvingogumise mukukonzera kuhondo yepasirese asi kuparadza muchadenga kwaizosimbisa ramangwana rezvizvarwa zvinotevera sezvo nzvimbo dzakakura dzemarara epakati dzichiparadza tarisiro ipi neipi yekufamba muchadenga kana kuongorora. ”

"Vatungamiri veRiphabhuliki vari kuratidza kuti kuwedzera izvo zvinonzi 'missile defense' (MD) maitiro, iye zvino ari kushandiswa kukomberedza Russia neChina, ari kuenderana kuti kuwedzera kukura kukuru muNavy Aegis vaparidzi vakagadzirirwa nevanopindira MD. MD chinhu chinokosha muPentagon kutanga-strike kuronga kurwisa uye zviri pachena kuti zvinotungamirira kumiganho yeMoscow neBeijing. "

"Nyika haidi nhangemutange yemaoko mitsva muchadenga - kunyanya patinofanira kunge tichishandisa zviwanikwa zvedu kugadzirisa matambudziko chaiwo ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye hurombo huri kukura nekuda kwekuwedzera kweupfumi," akadaro Gagnon.

“Mutengo wakakura wemujaho wemawoko anotungamirwa naTrump muchadenga zvirokwazvo uri kukonzera indasitiri yezvomuchadenga nevashambadziri vavo kumedzera mate pakufunga kwekuwedzera purofiti. Asi nyaya chaiyo inofanirwa kutariswa ndeyekuti hutongi hwaTrump hwaizobhadhara sei izvo Pentagon yakamborondedzerwa seinodhura kwazvo indasitiri chirongwa munhoroondo yevanhu VaTrump vakatotaura kare kuti vari kuda kudzikisa mitero kumakambani Izvi zvaizoreva here kuti Medicare neSocial Security zvaizovhara kuitira kuripira hondo muchadenga? ”

"Russia neChina kwemakore zvakapinda muUnited States vachitsvaga neUnited States kunyatsopinda nhaurirano dzechibvumirano chekurambidza zvombo munzvimbo-pfungwa yekuvhara musuo wegorosi musati mabuda bhiza," Gagnon akati. "Munguva yeRuban Republic neDemocrat vakuru veUnited States vadzivisa kusimbiswa kwechibvumirano chakadaro chekufungidzira kuchengeta kuti hakuna 'dambudziko.' Sangano rezvemauto-dhizimusi, iro rinoona nzvimbo senzvimbo itsva, inodzivirira kuti Kudzivirira kweArms Race muZvibvumirano zveZvibvumirano zveMhepo zvakange zvafa pakusvika. "

"Russia neChina vachasara nechisarudzo chimwechete-vachazofanira kutarisana nemhando sezvo US inedza 'kutonga uye kutonga nzvimbo' sezvaanodanwa mubhuku rekuAmerica Space Command rorongwa Chiratidzo che 2020. " Gagnon akaenderera mberi. "Nyika haikwanisi kukwanisa kurwisa zvombo zvehondo uyewo vanhu havangabvumi mutungamiri weTrump kuti aparadze pfuma yenyika pamusana pekufunga kweupenzi kuti US ichava 'Master of Space.'" ["Master of Space" ndiro chirevo ye50^th Space Wing weUS Air Force Space Command.] "Nguva yekutaura tichipesana nehondo muchadenga zvino — mari isati yapambadzwa uye kupfura kunotanga."

Ndanga ndichinyora kwemakore mazhinji pamusoro pezvombo zvesara (kusanganisira mubhuku rangu Weapons mu Space) uye paterevhizheni (kusanganisira kunyora uye kurondedzera zvinyorwa Nukes mu Space: iyo Nuclearization uye Weaponization yeDenga uye zvakare Nyeredzi Hondo Dzinodzoka. Ndakapa hurukuro kudarika US uye nyika.

In Weapons mu Space, Ndinorondedzera mharidzo ye1999 yandakapa kuUUN muGeneva. Zuva rakatevera, vhoti yaizobatwa ipapo pamutemo wePAROS. Ndiri munzira yangu yekuchengeta vhoti, ndakaona mumwe mukuru weUnited States uyo akanga ari pahurukuro yangu uye akanga asina kufara nazvo. Takataurirana uye akati aida kutaura neni, asingazivi. Akati, pamugwagwa pamberi pezvivako zveUnited States, kuti US inotambudza nehugari hweyo huri kuunza huwandu hwevarwi pasi. Asi mauto eUnited States anotenda "tinokwanisa kuronga simba kubva munzvimbo" uye ndicho chikonzero chiuto chakanga chiri kufamba ichi. Ndakamubvunza pamusoro pekuti, kana US inofambira mberi nezvombo munzvimbo, dzimwe nyika dzichasangana nemhando yeUnited States inopinza nhangemutange yezvombo munzvimbo. Akapindura kuti mauto eUnited States akanga aongorora uye akafunga kuti China yaiva "makore 30 kumashure" mukukwikwidzana nemauto eUnited States munzvimbo uye Russia "haina mari."

Akabva aenda kundotora uye ndakatarisa zvakare kune hurumende yepasi rose yakatsigira mutsigiri wePAROS-asi United States yakabatana. Uye nokuti kubvumirana kwaidiwa pakufamba kwechibvumirano, chakanga chakavharwa zvakare.

Uye izvi zvakaitika munguva yeClinton.

Muna 2001, pamwe nekusarudzwa kwaGeorge W. Bush, nzvimbo yezvombo yakagadziriswa zvakare kune yakakwirira-yemota panzvimbo yeiyo yakaderera yakave iyo panguva yaClinton.

Ndiyo apo pandakatanga kushanda paTV documentary Nyeredzi Hondo Dzinodzokaiyo inogona kuva akaonekwa pano.

Uye gore iroro, zvakare, ndakapa mharidzo pamberi pemiti yeParamende yeBritish muLondon. Mariri ndakarondedzera hurongwa hwakasunungurwa hweApace Commission hwakatungamirirwa naChina Munyori weZvondo Donald Rumsfeld panguva iyoyo. Ndakaona kuti yakataura sei kuti: "Munguva inouya USA inotungamirira maitiro, kubva, mukati uye munzvimbo kuburikidza nekutsigira zvido zvayo zvenyika zvose pasi uye munzvimbo." Ndakaratidza kuti yakakurudzira sei mutungamiri weUnited States kuti " vane sarudzo yekuendesa zvombo munzvimbo. "

Ndakatsanangura kubva kuU.S. Space Command's Chiratidzo che 2020 chirevo chiri kutaura nezve "kutonga nzvimbo nzvimbo yemabasa emauto kuchengetedza zvido zveUS nekudyara. Kubatanidza Masoja Emuchadenga kuita kugona kurwa munzvimbo dzese dzekupokana. "

"Iko US inosvika kusvika," ndakati, "ichagadzirisa nyika."

Ndakakurudzira Kunze kweNzvimbo Yechipatano cheC1967, yakasayirwa nemarudzi pasi rose-kusanganisira US- "kusimbiswa kubvisa zvombo zvose munzvimbo." Rinongorambidza zvombo zvekuparadza kukuru. "Maitiro ekuongorora anofanira kuwedzerwa," ndakati. "Uye nzvimbo inochengeterwa rugare."

Iyo svondo inokurumidza iyo inoshandiswa nzvimbo yezvombo yakange iripo munguva yeBush administration yakadzokera kuhombodo pasi ne Obama. Zvisinei, kubvira pakutanga, yakanga isiri kushorwa kwakakwana. Mazuva mashoma mushure mekunge Obama akapikira mu 2009, webhusaiti yeWhite House yakaratidza chirevo chematongerwo enyika pamusoro pehutungamiri hutsva chichida "kurambidzwa kwepasi pose kune zvombo zvinopesana nema satellites emauto nekutengeserana." Izvi zvakave zvichishandurwa zvakanyanya sechinhu chinoreva kuguma kwekuedza kweU.S. kuisa zvombo munzvimbo. As Reuters vakashuma vachiti: "Mutungamiri weBurack Obama wekupikira kutsvaga kurambidzwa kwepasi rose pamusoro pezvombo muzvimbo inoratidza kushandura kunoshamisa kwehutungamiri hweUS."

Asi mutemo wacho wakakurumidza kubviswa kubva pawebsite uye unonzi kune junior staffer.

Global Network Against Weapons uye Nuclear Power in Space ichaita musangano wegore negore uye kupikisa pakati peApril 7^thuye 9^th ye2017 muHuntsville, Alabama-nzvimbo yakakodzera. Sezvo sangano richitaura mukuzivisa kwayo, US Army's Redstone Arsenal muHuntsville "ndiyo nzvimbo iyo mushure mekunge Hondo Yenyika II yechiedza yeNazi dzichiendeswa neU.S., vachishandisa unyanzvi hwavo hwekodzero yekubatsira kusimbisa nzvimbo yeAmerica nehurongwa hwezvombo."

Purofesa Jack Manno weThe State University yeNew York / Environmental Science uye Forestry College, akanyora mubhuku rake, Kubatanidza Denga: Hondo Yakavanzika Yehondo, Space 1945-1995: "Zvizhinji zvepurogiramu dzehondo dzokutanga zvehondo dzakarota nemasayendisiti achishandira mauto eGermany, masayendisiti akaunza mahwendefa nemaonero avo kuAmerica mushure mehondo."

"Yakanga yakaita semhizha yemitambo," anodaro Manno. Pedyo ne1,000 yemasayendisiti aya akaendeswa kuUnited States, "vazhinji vavo vakazoenda kune zvigaro zvemasimba muuto reUnited States, NASA, uye inyanzvi yekugadzira zvinhu." Pakati pavo pane "Wernher von Braun nevamwe vake V-2" vakatanga "Kushanda pamaketeti eU.S. Army," uye paRedstone Arsenal muHuntsville "vakapiwa basa rekugadzira mhepo yepakati yebhokisi yekutengesa mauto atomic kusvika ku 200 makilomita. VaJalimane vakabudisa V-2 yakashandurwa zvakare zita rinonzi Redstone ... .Huntsville yakava nzvimbo huru yekuita nzvimbo dzeuto zveUnited States. "

Izvo zvakadaro.

Manno mubhuku rake re1984 akanyora kuti: "Njodzi chaiyo yezvombo zvinokwira mudenga hazvizove yakawanda zvombo izvo zvashanduka-hazvigoni kuipa kupfuura izvo zvatinazvo-asi izvozvo nekuwedzera uye kukurumidza kufamba kwemauto mumakumi maviri -kutanga yekutanga mukana uchave wakarasika kutamira kunyika yakachengeteka uye ine rugare. Kunyange kana varwi vanobudirira mukudzivirira matenga uye kuwedzeredza pamusoro pevavengi, ne 21^st kwemazana emakore teknolojia yehugandanga-makemikari, mabhakitiriya, mazita ezvakaberekwa uye zvepfungwa uye mabhomu enyukireya anotakura-zvichawedzera kushungurudzika kwekusachengeteka nguva dzose. Chero bedzi kuburikidza nekubvisa zvitubu zvekukakavadzana kwenyika dzakasiyana kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe nekufambiswa kwemazuva ose kune chero rudzi rwekuchengeteka kwenyika kunogona kuitwa muzana remakore rinouya Nzvimbo, inzvimbo yepasi rose, inogona kupa mukana wekutanga kwekuvandudzwa kwakadaro. "

For my Weapons mu Space, Manno akati mu 2001 kuti "kutonga pasi" ndizvo izvo avo vanoda kushandisa zvombo vachitsvaka. Akataura kuti masayendisiti eNazi ndiwo anokosha "nhoroondo yezvekambani uye inyanzvi, uyewo chinangwa chekufungidzira ... Chinangwa ndechokuti ... ave nekwanisi yekuita hondo yenyika yose, kusanganisira zvombo zvigaro zvinogara munzvimbo."

Uye zvino Trump inotungamirira iri mberi. Uye zvakadaro ndizvo zvingave zvombo zvekumatenga-kunze kwekuti isu tidzire, uye tinofanira. Connect with the Global Network Kurwisana Nezvombo uye Nyukliya Simba muNzvimbo.