NaAlice Slater
Chibvumirano che1970 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), chakawedzerwa nekusingaperi muna 1995 apo chaifanira kupera, kunze kwekuti zvombo zvishanu zvenyukireya zvikaitika kuti zvibate simba reveto paSecurity Council (P-5)- US, Russia, UK, France, neChina- "vaizotevera nhaurirano mukutenda kwakanaka"[I] yekubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya. Kuti vatenge rutsigiro rwepasirese pachibvumirano, zvombo zvenyukireya zvinoti "yakatapira hari" neFaustian bargain ichivimbisa iyo isiri-nuclear zvombo nyika "isingagoneke kodzero"[Ii] kune inonzi “rugare” simba renyukireya, nokudaro richivapa kiyi dzefekitari yebhomba. [Iii] Nyika dzese pasi rose dzakasaina chibvumirano chitsva kunze kweIndia, Pakistan, neIsrael, iyo yakaenderera mberi nekugadzira zvombo zvenyukireya. North Korea, nhengo yeNPT, yakatora mukana weruzivo rwetekinoroji iyo yakawana kuburikidza ne "kodzero isingagoneki" yesimba renyukireya ndokusiya chibvumirano kugadzira mabhomba enyukireya. Nhasi kune zvipfumbamwe zvombo zvenyukireya nyika ine 17,000 mabhomba pasi, 16,000 ayo ari muUS neRussia!
Pa1995 NPT Ongororo uye Kuwedzera Musangano, network nyowani yeNGOs, Abolition 2000, yakadana nhaurirano dzechibvumirano chekubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya uye chikamu chekubuda kwesimba renyukireya. [Iv]Boka Rinoshanda ramagweta, masayendisiti uye vanoita mitemo vakanyora Musangano Wezvombo zveModel Nuclear[V] kuronga matanho ose anodiwa anofanira kufungwa nezvawo kuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvibviswe zvachose. Yakave gwaro repamutemo reUN uye yakataurwa muchikumbiro cheMunyori Mukuru Ban-ki Moon muna 2008 cheChirongwa cheNuclear Disarmament chaXNUMX. [vi]Kuwedzerwa kusingagumi kweNPT kwaida Ongorora Makonferensi makore mashanu ega ega, nemisangano yeKomiti Yekugadzirira pakati.
Muna 1996, iyo NGO World Court Project yakatsvaga Advisory Opinion kubva kuInternational Court of Justice pamusoro pemutemo webhomba. Dare rakapa mutongo pamwe chete kuti chisungo chepasirese chiripo "kupedzisa nhaurirano pamusoro pezvombo zvenyukireya mune zvese zvayakaita", asi zvinoodza moyo yakataura chete kuti zvombo "hazvisi pamutemo" uye rakafunga kuti harina kukwanisa kusarudza kuti zvingave zviri pamutemo here kana kuti kwete. shandisa zvombo zvenyukireya "apo kupona kwenyika kwaive kuri mungozi". [vii]Kunyangwe maNGOs akaedza zvakanyanya mukutsvagira zvivimbiso zvinoenderera mberi zvakapihwa neP-5 pawongororo yakazotevera yeNPT, kufambira mberi kwekubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya kwakaoma. Muna 2013, Egypt yakabuda mumusangano weNPT nekuti vimbiso yakaitwa muna 2010 yekuita musangano wezvombo zveMass Destruction Free Zone kuMiddle East (WMDFZ) yakanga isati yaitika, kunyangwe vimbiso yeWMDFZ yaive. yakapihwa kuMiddle East nyika senzira yekudyidzana kuti vawane vhoti yekuwedzera nekusingaperi kweNPT makore anoda kusvika makumi maviri apfuura muna 20.
Muna 2012, International Committee yeRed Cross yakaita nhamburiko isati yamboitika kudzidzisa pasirese kuti pakanga pasina mutemo waivepo wekurambidza kushandiswa nekuva nezvombo zvenyukireya zvisinei nenjodzi yakaipisisa yaizokonzerwa nehondo yenyukireya, zvichibva zvaita kuti veruzhinji vazive. nezvengozi dzinotyisa dzokuparadza kukuru kwenyukireya. [viii] Chirongwa chitsva, International Campaign to Abolish Nyukliya Weapons (NDINOKWANISA) [ix]yakanga yatangwa kuti izivise miuyo ine ngwavaira kuupenyu hwose pasi pano kana hondo yenyukireya ikatanga, zvingava netsaona kana kuti magadzirirwo, pamwe chete nokusakwanisa kwehurumende pamwero upi noupi kupindura zvakakwana. Vari kudaidzira kurambidzwa kwepamutemo kwezvombo zvenyukireya, sekurambidza kwakaita nyika zvombo zvemakemikari nezvebiological, pamwe chete nezvimbambaira nemambumburu. Muna 1996, maNGOs akabatana nenyika dzine hushamwari, achitungamirwa neCanada, vakasangana muOttawa, mukutenderera kusati kwamboitika kwemasangano akavharirwa eUN kuti vataurirane chibvumirano chekurambidza zvimbambaira. Izvi zvakazozivikanwa se "Ottawa Process" iyo yakashandiswa zvakare neNorway muna 2008, payakaita musangano kunze kwenzvimbo yakavharwa yeUN yenhaurirano yekumisa kurambidzwa kwemauto emapoka.[x]
Norway yakatorawo kudanwa kweInternational Red Cross muna 2013, ichiitisa Musangano wakakosha weHumanitarian Effects of Nuclear Weapons. Musangano weOslo wakaitika kunze kwezvakajairwa masangano akaita seNPT, Musangano weKubvisa Zvombo muGeneva neDare Rekutanga reGeneral Assembly, uko kufambira mberi kwekubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya kwakaoma nekuti nyika dzezvombo zvenyukireya dzinongoda kuita chimwe chinhu. nhanho dzekusawedzera, ukuwo uchitadza kutora matanho ane musoro ekubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya. Izvi, zvisinei nehuwandu hwezvipikirwa zvisina chinhu zvakaitwa pamusoro pe44 gore renhoroondo yeNPT, uye angangoita makore 70 mushure mekubhomba kwe1945 kweHiroshima neNagasaki. P-5 yakarambidza musangano weOslo, ichipa chirevo chakabatana ichiti chingave "kuvhiringidza" kubva muNPT! Nyika mbiri dzezvombo zvenyukireya dzakauya — India nePakistan, kuti dzibatane nenyika zana nemakumi maviri nenomwe dzakauya kuOslo uye idzo nyika mbiri dzezvombo zvenyukireya dzakapinda zvakare musangano wekutevera wegore rino wakaitwa neMexico, nenyika zana nemakumi mana nenhanhatu.
Iko kune shanduko mumhepo uye shanduko mune zeitgeist mune iyo nyika uye veruzhinji vari kugadzirisa zvombo zvenyukireya. Vari kusangana mumubatanidzwa muhuwandu hwakawanda uye nekutsunga kuri kukura kutaurirana chibvumirano chekurambidza nyukireya icho chinorambidza kuva, kuedza, kushandisa, kugadzira uye kutora zvombo zvenyukireya sezviri pamutemo., sezvakangoita nyika nezvezvombo zvemakemikari nezvoutachiona. Chibvumirano chekurambidza chaizotanga kuvhara gaka remutongo weDare reNyika iro rakatadza kusarudza kana zvombo zvenyukireya zvisiri pamutemo mumamiriro ese ezvinhu, kunyanya apo kupona kwenyika kwaive panjodzi. Iyi nzira nyowani iri kushanda kunze kwevakaremara mitezo yeUN yekukurukurirana zvimiro, kutanga muOslo, tevere kuMexico nemusangano wechitatu wakarongwa muAustria., gore rino chairo, kwete makore mana gare gare muna 2018 sezvakarongwa nesangano risina kurongeka renyika dzinotadza kunzwisisa kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kumisa nyukireya, uye haisati yawana chero kutenga-mukati kubva kune recalcitrant P-5. Chokwadi, US, France neUK hazvina kana kumbonetsekana kutumira mumiriri ane hunhu kumusangano wekutanga wepamusoro munhoroondo yevakuru vehurumende nemakurukota ekunze kuti vagadzirise zvombo zvenyukireya paUN General Assembly yapera. Uye vakapokana nekugadzwa kweUN Open Ended Working Group yeNuclear Disarmament iyo yakasangana muGeneva muhurongwa husina kurongeka neNGOs nehurumende, vachitadza kuratidzira kumusangano mumwe wakaitwa muzhizha re2013.
KuNayarit, Mexico, Sachigaro weMexico akatumira pasi rose Valentine musi waKukadzi 14, 2014 paakapedzisa kutaura kwake nemufaro mukuru nevazhinji vevamiriri vehurumende nemaNGO aivepo achiti:
Hurukuro dzakadzama uye dzakazara pamusoro perubatsiro rwezvombo zvenyukireya dzinofanirwa kutungamira kune kuzvipira kweNyika nevemasangano akazvimirira kusvika kune mitsva yepasi rose netsika, kuburikidza nechishandiso chinosunga zviri pamutemo. Ndiwo maonero eSachigaro kuti Nayarit Conference yakaratidza kuti nguva yasvika yekuti vatange hurongwa hwemadiplomatic hunoenderana nechinangwa ichi. Kutenda kwedu ndekwekuti maitiro aya anofanirwa kuve nenguva yakatarwa, tsananguro yeforamu yakanyatsokodzera, uye yakajeka uye yakakosha sisitimu, zvichiita kuti kubatsira kwevanhu kwezvombo zvenyukireya kuve musimboti wekuedza kubvisa zvombo. Yasvika nguva yekuita chimwe chinhu. Makore makumi manomwe ekurwiswa kweHiroshima neNagasaki ndiyo nhanho yakakodzera yekuzadzisa chinangwa chedu. Nayarit inzvimbo yekusadzoka (kusimbisa kuwedzera).
Nyika yatanga chirongwa cheOttawa chezvombo zvenyukireya chinogona kupedzwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera kana takabatana uye takatarisana! Chimwe chipingamupinyi chiri kuoneka pakubudirira kwekuwana chibvumirano chakatemerwa chekurambidza inzvimbo ye "amburera yenyukireya" nyika dzakaita seJapan, Australia, South Korea uye nhengo dzeNATO. Vanotsigira zvine mutsindo kurwisa zvombo zvenyukireya asi vachiri kuvimba ne "nuclear deterrence" inouraya, mutemo unoratidza chido chavo chekuti US maguta apise uye kuparadza pasi redu panzvimbo yavo.
Kuzadzisa chibvumirano chekurambidza chakaitwa pasina nyika dzezvombo zvenyukireya kunotipa mukana wekuvabata pachibvumirano chavo kuti vataurirane kuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvibviswe zvachose munguva yakafanira nekuzvinyadzisa nekutadza kukudza NPT chete asi nekukanganisa zvachose. “kutenda kwakanaka” kuvimbisa kuderedza zvombo zvenyukireya. Vanoenderera mberi nekuyedza nekuvaka mabhomba matsva, zvivakwa zvekugadzira, uye masisitimu ekutakura uku Amai Pasi vachirwiswa nekutevedzana kweanodaidzwa kuti "sub-critical" bvunzo, sezvo nyika idzi dziri kuramba dzichiputika plutonium pasi pevhu kuNevada neNovaya. Zemlya test nzvimbo. Kusimbirira kweP-5 padanho re "nhanho nenhanho", rinotsigirwa nedzimwe nyukireya "amburera nyika", pane nhaurirano yekurambidza zviri pamutemo kunoratidza hunyengeri hwavo hunokatyamadza sezvo vasiri kungovandudza uye kutsiva zvombo zvavo. kuparadzira mafekitori emabhomba enyukireya pasirese muchimiro chemagetsi enyukireya kuti awane mari yekutengeserana, kunyangwe "kugovera" tekinoroji iyi inouraya neIndia, bato risiri reNPT, tsika isiri pamutemo inotyora mutemo weNPT wekugovana tekinoroji yenyukireya nenyika dzinoti. akatadza kupinda muchibvumirano.
Nemusangano wekutevera unouya muAustria, Zvita 7th uye 8th of gore rino, tinofanira kuva neunyanzvi mukusundira kurudziro mberi kwekurambidzwa kwemutemo. Isu tinofanirwa kuwana hurumende dzakawanda kuti dziratidze muVienna, uye kuita hurongwa hwekutendeuka kwakakura kweNGOs kukurudzira nyika kuti dzibude pasi peamburera yenyukireya inonyadzisa uye kufara neboka riri kuwedzera renyika dzinotsvaga rugare mukuedza kwedu kupedza dambudziko renyukireya!
Tarisa uone mushandirapamwe weICAN kuti uzive maitiro aungaita muVienna. www.icanw.org
[I] "Imwe neumwe weMapato eChibvumirano anozvipira kuita nhaurirano nekutenda kwakanaka pamatanho anoshanda ane chekuita nekumisa nhangemutange yezvombo zvenyukireya panguva yekutanga uye pakubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya, uye pachibvumirano chekubvisa zvombo zvachose."
[Ii] Chisungo IV: Hapana chiri muChibvumirano ichi chichadudzirwa sechinokanganisa kodzero isingachinjiki yeMapato ese eChibvumirano chekuvandudza tsvakiridzo, kugadzira uye kushandiswa kwesimba renyukireya nezvinangwa zverunyararo pasina rusarura…”
[V] Kuchengetedza Kupona Kwedu: http://www.disarmsecure.org/
