Mufananidzo Kunobva: Antti T. Nissinen
naAlfred de Zayas, CounterPunch, September 15, 2022
Zvakaoma kunzwisisa kuti sei vezvematongerwo enyika vekuMadokero uye vezvenhau vakatadza kuona njodzi iripo yavakaisa kuRussia uye nekusakendenga kune isu tose. Kuomerera kweNATO pane iyo inonzi "yakavhurika gonhi" mutemo ndeye solipsistic uye inofuratira zvine hungwaru zvido zvekuchengetedza zveRussia zviri pamutemo. Hapana nyika yaizotsungirira kukura kwakadaro. Zvirokwazvo kwete iyo US kana nekuenzanisa Mexico ingaedzwa kujoinha mubatanidzwa unotungamirwa neChinese.
NATO yakaratidza zvandaizodaidza kuti kusatendeseka uye kuramba kwayo kutaurirana neEuropean-wide kana chibvumirano chekuchengetedza chepasirese chakaumba nzira yekutsamwisa, zvichikonzera zvakananga hondo iripo muUkraine. Uyezve, zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti hondo iyi inogona kukwira nyore nyore kukuparadzana kwenyukireya.
Aka hakasi kekutanga kuti vanhu vazviwane vakatarisana nedambudziko guru iro ringadai rakadzivirirwa nekuchengeta zvakavimbiswa mushakabvu Mikhail Gorbachev nevaimbove Secretary of State of America James Baker.[1] uye nevamwe vakuru vakuru veUS. Kuwedzera kwekumabvazuva kweNATO kubvira 1997 kwave kuchionekwa nevatungamiriri veRussia sekutyora kwakanyanya kwechibvumirano chakakosha chekuchengetedza neexpoential overtones. Zvave zvichionekwa senjodzi iri kuramba ichiwedzera, "kutyisidzira kwekushandiswa kwesimba" nezvinangwa zvechinyorwa 2(4) cheUN Charter. Izvi zvinosanganisira njodzi huru yekunetsana kwenyukireya, sezvo Russia ine hombe yenyukireya arsenal uye nzira dzekuendesa mauto.
Mubvunzo wakakosha usiri kubvunzwa nevezvenhau vemazuva ano ndewekuti: Nei tiri kunyandura simba renyukireya? Takarasa pfungwa dzedu nokuda kwezviyero here? Tiri kutamba rudzi rwe "Russian roulette" nekuguma kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera zvevanhu panyika?
Uyu hausi mubvunzo wezvematongerwo enyika chete, asi zvakanyanya nyaya yemagariro, huzivi uye tsika. Vatungamiri vedu zvechokwadi havana kodzero yekuisa hupenyu hwevanhu vese vekuAmerica panjodzi. Aya maitiro asina demokrasi uye anofanirwa kushorwa nevanhu vekuAmerica. Maiwe, vezvenhau vemazuva ano vanga vachiparadzira nhema dzeRussia kwemakumi emakore. Nei NATO iri kutamba mutambo uyu une njodzi "va banque"? Tinogona here kuisa hupenyu hwevese vekuEurope, maAsia, maAfrica neLatin America mungozi? Nekuda kwekuti isu tiri "vakasarudzika" uye tinoda kusava nehanya nezve "kodzero" yedu yekuwedzera NATO?
Ngatifemerei uye tiyeuke kuti nyika yaive pedyo sei neApocalypse panguva yeCuban missile crisis muna October 1962. Tinotenda Mwari kwaiva nevanhu vane misoro inotonhorera paWhite House uye John F. Kennedy akasarudza kutaurirana zvakananga na maSoviet, nekuti ramangwana revanhu riri mumaoko ake. Ndakanga ndiri mudzidzi wechikoro chesekondari muChicago uye yeuka ndichiona makakatanwa pakati paAdlai Stevenson III naValentin Zorin (wandakasangana naye makore akawanda gare gare pandakanga ndiri mukuru mukuru weUN wekodzero dzevanhu muGeneva).
Muna 1962 UN yakaponesa nyika nokugovera nhandare umo misiyano yaigona kugadziriswa norugare. Izvo zvinosuruvarisa kuti iyezvino Secretary General Antonio Guterres akatadza kugadzirisa njodzi yakakonzerwa nekuwedzera kweNATO nenguva. Angadai akatadza kufambisa nhaurirano pakati peRussia nenyika dzeNATO pamberi paFebruary 2022. Zvinonyadzisa kuti OSCE yakatadza kunyengetedza hurumende yeUkraine kuti yaifanira kuita zvibvumirano zveMinsk - pacta sunt servanda.
Zvinosiririsa kuti nyika dzisina kwadzakarerekera dzakaita seSwitzerland dzakatadza kumiririra vanhu pazvaive zvichibvira kumisa kutanga kwehondo. Kunyange iye zvino, zvakakosha kumisa hondo. Ani naani ari kurebesa hondo ari kupara mhosva inorwisa runyararo uye mhosva yakanangana nevanhu. Kuuraya kunofanira kumira nhasi uye vanhu vese vanofanirwa kusimuka vachida Runyararo ZVINO.
Ndinorangarira kero yaJohn F. Kennedy yekutanga kuAmerican University muWashington DC musi wa10 Chikumi 1963.[2]. Ini ndinofunga kuti vese vezvematongerwo enyika vanofanirwa kuverenga chirevo ichi chehungwaru uye vaone kuti zvakakosha sei kugadzirisa hondo iripo muUkraine. Purofesa Jeffrey Sachs weColumbia University muNew York akanyora bhuku rine nzwisiso pamusoro pazvo.[3]
Mukurumbidza kirasi yaipedza kufunda, Kennedy akarangarira rondedzero yaMasefield yeyunivhesiti se“nzvimbo umo avo vanovenga kusaziva vangavavarira kuziva, uko avo vanorangarira zvokwadi vangavavarira kuita kuti vamwe vaone.
Kennedy akasarudza kukurukura “musoro unokosha zvikuru pasi pano: rugare rwenyika. Ndinoreva rugare rwakaita sei? Rugare rudzii rwatinotsvaka? Kwete a Pax Americana kumanikidzirwa pasi rose nezvombo zvehondo zveAmerica. Kwete rugare rweguva kana kuchengeteka kwemuranda. Ndiri kutaura nezvorugare rwechokwadi, rudzi rworugare runoita kuti upenyu pasi pano huve hwakakodzera kurarama, rudzi runogonesa vanhu nemarudzi kukura nokuva netariro nokuvakira vana vavo upenyu huri nani—kwete bedzi rugare nokuda kwavaAmerica asi rugare nokuda kwavose. varume nevakadzi—kwete chete rugare munguva yedu asi rugare rwenguva dzose.”
Kennedy aive nevapi vemazano vakanaka vakamuyeuchidza kuti "hondo yese haina musoro ... muzera iro chombo chimwe chenyukireya chine simba rinoputika rakapetwa kagumi rinounzwa nemauto ese akabatana muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Hazvina musoro muzera iro chepfu dzinouraya dzinogadzirwa nekuchinjana kwenyukireya dzaizotakurwa nemhepo nemvura nevhu nembeu kusvika kumativi ari kure enyika uye kuzvizvarwa zvisati zvaberekwa.”
Kennedy uye akamutangira Eisenhower akaramba achishora kushandiswa kwemabhiriyoni emadhora gore rega rega pazvombo, nekuti mashandisirwo akadaro haisi nzira inoshanda yekuvimbisa runyararo, inova ndiyo magumo akakodzera evarume vane pfungwa.
Kusiyana nevateveri vaKennedy muWhite House, JFK aive neruzivo rwechokwadi uye kugona kuzvishora: "Vamwe vanoti hazvibatsiri kutaura nezverunyararo rwenyika kana mutemo wepasirese kana kubviswa kwezvombo pasi rose-uye kuti hazvizobatsiri kusvika . vatungamiriri veSoviet Union vanova nemafungiro akajeka. Ndinovimba vanodaro. Ndinotenda kuti tinogona kuvabatsira kuzviita. Asi ini ndinotenda zvakare kuti tinofanira kuongorora zvakare maitiro edu - sevanhu uye seNyika - nekuti maitiro edu akakosha seavo. "
Saizvozvo, akakurudzira kuongorora maitiro eUS kune rugare pacharwo. “Vazhinji vedu vanofunga kuti hazvibviri. Vazhinji vanofunga kuti hazvisi zvechokwadi. Asi ikoko kutenda kune ngozi, kwokukunda. Zvinotungamirira kumhedziso yokuti hondo haidzivisiki—kuti rudzi rwomunhu rwakaparadzwa—kuti takabatwa nemasimba atisingagoni kudzora.” Akaramba kubvuma maonero iwayo. Sokuudza kwaakaita vakapedza kudzidza paAmerican University, “Matambudziko edu akagadzirwa nevanhu—saka, anogona kugadziriswa nomunhu. Uye munhu anogona kuva akakura sezvaanoda. Hapana dambudziko rekurongerwa kwevanhu rinopfuura vanhu. Kufunga kwemunhu nemweya wake kazhinji zvakagadzirisa zvinoita sezvisingagadzirike-uye tinotenda kuti vanogona kuzviita zvakare…. ”
Akakurudzira vateereri vake kuti vatarise parunyararo runoshanda, runogona kuwanikwa, runobva kusiri pakuchinja kwakangoerekana kwaitika muhunhu hwevanhu asi pakushanduka-shanduka mumasangano evanhu-pamwe zviito zvakatevedzana uye zvibvumirano zvinobudirira izvo zviri mukufarira kwevose vanobatanidzwa. : “Hapana kiyi imwe, yakapfava kurunyararo urwu–hapana nzira huru kana yemashiripiti inofanira kutorwa nesimba rimwe kana maviri. Rugare rwechokwadi runofanira kuva chibereko chemarudzi akawanda, mubatanidzwa wezviito zvakawanda. Inofanira kuva ine simba, kwete kumira, kuchinja kuti isangane nedambudziko rechizvarwa chitsva choga choga. Nokuti rugare inzira-nzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko. "
Ini pachangu, ndinosuwa nenyaya yekuti mazwi aKennedy ari kure kure nekutaura kwatinonzwa nhasi kubva kune vese Biden naBlinken, ane rondedzero yekuzvipa mhosva - dema uye chena caricature - hapana zano rehunhu hweJFK uye pragmatic. nzira yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika.
Ndinokurudzirwa kuwana zvakare chiono cheJFK: “Rugare rwepasi rose, serunyararo munharaunda, harudi kuti murume mumwe nemumwe ade muvakidzani wake-zvinongoda chete kuti vagare pamwe chete mukushivirirana, vachiendesa kusawirirana kwavo kune kururamisira uye murunyararo. Uye nhau inotidzidzisa kuti ruvengo pakati pemarudzi, sepakati pavanhu vamwe navamwe, hahugari nokusingaperi.”
JFK yakasimbirira kuti tinofanira kutsungirira uye kutora maonero mashoma ekunaka kwedu uye kuipa kwevadzivisi vedu. Akayeuchidza vateereri vake kuti rugare harufaniri kuva rusingabviri, uye hondo haifaniri kuva isingadzivisiki. "Nekutsanangura chinangwa chedu zvakajeka, nekuita kuti chiite sechinhu chinogoneka uye chisingaregi, tinogona kubatsira vanhu vese kuchiona, kuwana tariro kubva kwachiri, uye kufamba vasingadzivisiki kwachiri."
Mhedziso yake yakanga iri rwendo rwemauto: “Naizvozvo, tinofanira kutsungirira mukutsvaka rugare tichitarisira kuti chinjo dzinovaka mukati meboka rechiKomonisiti dzingaunza zvigadzikiso izvo zvino zvinoratidzika sezvisingabviri kwatiri. Tinofanira kuita zvinhu zvedu nenzira yokuti zvinova mufariro yamaKomonisiti kubvumirana parugare rwechokwadi. Pamusoro pazvo, tichidzivirira zvatinoda isu pachedu, masimba enyukireya anofanirwa kunzvengesa kunetsana uko kunounza mhandu kusarudzo yekudzokera kunonyadzisa kana hondo yenyukireya. Kutora nzira yakadaro muzera renyukireya hungangove humbowo hwekubhuroka kwegwaro redu-kana rekuda kufa kwepasirese. "
Vakapedza kudzidza paAmerican University vakaombera Kennedy nemufaro muna 1963. Ndingashuva kuti mudzidzi wese wepayunivhesiti, mudzidzi wese wepachikoro chesekondari, nhengo yese yeCongress, mutori wenhau wese averenge hurukuro iyi uye afungisise zvazvinoreva kune nyika NHASI. Ndinoshuva kuti dai vakaverenga George F. Kennan's New York Times[4] rondedzero ye1997 ichishora kuwedzera kweNATO, maonero aJack Matlock[5], mumiriri wekupedzisira weUS kuUSSR, nyevero dzenyanzvi dzeUS Stephen Cohen[6] uye Purofesa John Mearsheimer[7].
Ndinotya kuti munyika yazvino yenhau dzemanyepo uye nganonyorwa, munzanga yanhasi yakanyanyiswa pfungwa, Kennedy angapomerwa mhosva yekuve "mucheri" weRussia, kunyangwe mutengesi kuhunhu hweAmerica. Uye zvakadaro, mugumo wevanhu vose wava mungozi. Uye chatinoda chaizvo imwe JFK muWhite House.
Alfred de Zayas purofesa wezvemitemo paGeneva School of Diplomacy uye akashanda seUN Yakazvimirira Nyanzvi paInternational Order 2012-18. Iye ndiye munyori wemabhuku gumi nerimwe anosanganisira "Kuvaka Yakarurama World Order" Clarity Press, 2021, uye "Kuverengera Mainstream Narratives", Clarity Press, 2022.
- https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/document/16117-document-06-record-conversation-between ↑
- https://www.jfklibrary.org/archives/other-resources/john-f-kennedy-speeches/american-university-19630610 ↑
- https://www.jeffsachs.org/Jeffrey Sachs, Kufambisa Nyika: JFK's Kutsvaga Runyararo. Random House, 2013. Onawo https://www.jeffsachs.org/newspaper-articles/h29g9k7l7fymxp39yhzwxc5f72ancr ↑
- https://comw.org/pda/george-kennan-on-nato-expansion/ ↑
- https://transnational.live/2022/05/28/jack-matlock-ukraine-crisis-should-have-been-avoided/ ↑
-
"Kana tikaendesa mauto eNATO kumiganhu yeRussia, zviri pachena kuti zvichagadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu, asi Russia haisi kuzodzokera shure. Dambudziko riripo." ↑
- https://www.mearsheimer.com/. Mearsheimer, The Great Delusion, Yale University Press, 2018.https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2022/03/11/john-mearsheimer-on-why-the-west-is-principally-responsible- ye-the-ukrainian-dambudziko ↑
2 Mhinduro
Iyo US / kumadokero nyika inopenga mukupa maoko ese avari kuita. Zviri kutowedzera hondo
Handikwanise kuratidza kusafara kwangu nekuverenga chinyorwa chemunyori anoremekedzwa!
"Ndinotya kuti munyika yazvino yenhau dzenhema uye nganonyorwa, munharaunda yemazuva ano yakasvibiswa pfungwa, Kennedy angapomerwa mhosva [...]"
Chii chinodiwa kuti munhu ati nyika ino (nemamwe mademokrasi) haana zvikoro zveruzhinji? Kuti vadzidze mumayunivhesiti kosi zvinhu (dzimwe nguva kunyange kusimba kupfuura izvozvo) izvo zvakadzidziswa muzvikoro zvepamusoro zvesocialist nyika (nekuti, "iwe unoziva", pane "engineering", uyezve pane (yakagadzirira?) "sainzi / advanced engineering ” (zvichienderana neyunivhesiti!) … Iwo e“engineering” anodzidzisa masvomhu ekuchikoro chesekondari – pekutanga.
Uye uyu muenzaniso “wakakwirira”, mizhinji yemienzaniso iripo inovhara marara akawanda echikoro uye nhamo dzevanhu - munyika dzakaita seGermany, France, Italy, Spain - uye zvirokwazvo nyika dzinotaura Chirungu.
Kusvika papi pasi rondedzero yezvakakosha zve "chaiyo Kuruboshwe" ndiyo miyero yezvidzidzo muzvikoro zveruzhinji? "Rugare Panyika" ndicho "chinhu chinonyanya kukosha" (pakupera kwenzira)? Zvakadini nenzira yekuenda ikoko? Kana nzvimbo yokusvika panzira iyoyo ikava isingasvikiki, ipapo tingazvikudza here kuti icho ndicho “chinhu chinokosha zvikuru”?
Kune uyo akasvika kuUN, ndine nguva yakaoma yekutenda kuti munyori haakwanisi, ndinosarudza kumuisa muboka rekusavimbika. Vamwe vazhinji vanosimudza fungidziro ye "brainwashing" uye/kana "propaganda" vangave - kusvika pamwero wakati - vasingakwanisi (ivo, pasina kunze, vanonzvenga kutsanangura kuti sei vasina kunyengerwa!), Asi munyori uyu anofanira kuziva zviri nani.
"Mhedziso yake yakanga iri yemauto evashanyi: "Naizvozvo, tinofanira kushingirira mukutsvaga rugare netarisiro yekuti shanduko dzinovaka mukati meboka reCommunist dzingaunza mhinduro dzinoita sekuti hatigone. Tinofanira kuita zvinhu zvedu nenzira inoita kuti zvive mufariro yemaKomonisiti kubvumirana parugare rwechokwadi. […]”
Ehe, zivisa kuJFK (chero kwaangave) kuti "shanduko dzinovaka mukati meCommunist bloc" dzaitika zvechokwadi: imwe yenhengo dzavo (mugadziri weIMO!) parizvino inodada nepamusoro pe40% FUNCTIONAL ANALPHABETISM (iyo "zvikuru. zvinonetsa” hutungamiriri hwegutsaruzhinji hwenyika!) neTRASH SCHOOLS – pakati pemamwe maropafadzo asingaverengeki. Uye ndine manzwiro ekuti HAVASI CHETE, asi mutemo.
PS
Munyori anoziva kuti ndiani chaizvo ari mukuraira?