Nhema: Hondo Inodiwa (tsanangudzo)

Kune hondo chero ipi zvayo inoitika, uye kunyange yakawanda isingaiti, inogona kuwanika vanhu vanotenda panguva iyoyo, uye shure, kuti hondo imwe neimwe iripo kana kuti yaidiwa. Vamwe vanhu havana kugutsikana nekutaura kwekudikanwa kwehondo dzakawanda, asi vanomiririra kuti rimwe kana maviri hondo mumakore akapfuura zvakange zvakadikanwa. Uye vazhinji vanochengetedza kuti dzimwe hondo mune ramangwana inogona kunge inofanirwa - zvichida kune rumwe rutivi rwehondo, saka zvinoda kugadziriswa kwechigarire chemauto akagadzirira kurwisana.

Iyi ingano yakasiyana yehondo pane ngano yekuti hondo inobatsira, kuti hondo inounza zvakakosha kune rudzi rwairibhadhara kana rudzi rwairi kurwirwa. Ngano idzodzo dzinogona kuwanikwa pane yavo peji pano.

Hondo Haisi "Kudzivirirwa"

Dhipatimendi reHondo yeUS rakatumidzwa zita rekuti Dhipatimendi reDziviriro muna1947, uye zvakajairika munyika zhinji kutaura nezvemadhipatimendi ehondo ako uye nemamwe marudzi se "kudzivirira." Asi kana izwi iri riine chero zvarinoreva, harigone kutambanudzwa kuti rivhare kuita kwehondo kunogumbura kana chiuto chine hukasha. Kana "kuzvidzivirira" kuchireva chimwe chinhu kunze kwe "mhosva," uye kurwisa imwe nyika "kuitira kuti vatange kutirwisa isu" kana "kutumira meseji" kana "kuranga" mhosva haina kuzvidzivirira uye haina basa.

Muna 2001, hurumende yeTaliban muAfghanistan yakagadzirira kutsvaga Osama bin Laden kune rumwe rudzi rwechitatu kuzotongwa nekuda kwemhosva iyo United States yaireva kuti yainge yaita. Panzvimbo yekutsvaga kutongwa kwemutemo nekuda kwemhosva, United States neNATO vakasarudza hondo isiri pamutemo yakaita zvakanyanya kukuvadza kupfuura mhosva, yakaramba mushure mekunge bin Laden ainzi akasiya nyika, akaenderera mberi nekufa kwaBad Laden kwakaziviswa, uye akaita zvakasimba nguva kukanganisa kuAfghanistan, kuPakistan, kunyika dzeUnited States uye NATO, uye kutonga kwemutemo.

Maererano neshoko remusangano munaFebruary 2003 pakati peMutungamiri weUnited States George W. Bush uye Prime Minister weSpain, Bush akati Mutungamiri Saddam Hussein akanga ataura kuti abve muIraq, uye kuti aende kuutapwa, kana aigona kuchengeta $ 1 bhiriyoni. Mumwe mutongi ari kubvumirwa kutiza ne $ 1 mabhiriyoni haisi mhinduro yakanaka. Asi chipo chacho chakanga chisina kuziviswa kuvanhu veUnited States. Pane kudaro, hurumende yeBush yakati hondo yaidiwa kuti dzivirire United States pamusoro pezvombo zvisina kumbovapo. Panzvimbo pokurasika mabhiriyoni emadhora, vanhu veIraq vakaona kurasikirwa kwemazana ezviuru zvehupenyu, mamiriyoni akaita vapoteri, ruzivo rwenyika yavo uye dzidzo uye hurongwa hwehutano hwakaparadzwa, hurumende dzakasununguka dzakasara, kuparadzwa kwemazingira, uye zvirwere zvezvirwere uye kuora kwekuzvarwa - iyo yose yakabhadhara United States $ 800 bhiriyoni, kwete kuverenga mabhiriyoni emadhora ekuwedzera kwemafuta emafuta, kudiwa kwekuuya kwemazuva ano, veterans 'kutarisira, uye kurasika mikana - kusataura nezvevakafa nekukuvadzwa, kuwedzera hurumende dzekunze, kuregerera rusununguko rwevanhu, kukanganisa pasi uye mumhepo yaro, uye kukanganisa kwetsika kwekugamuchirwa kwevanhu kubatwa, kutambudzwa, uye kuuraya.

Verenga zvakare: Nhema: China Inhu Dhiyabhorosi

Hakuna "Hondo Dzakanaka"

Pakati peavo vanodavira kuti hondo dzakasarudzwa bedzi ndidzo dziri madikanwa, muenzaniso wazvino uno wakakurumbira zvikurusa munyika dzinoverengeka, kubatanidza United States, iHondo yeNyika II. Chokwadi ichi chinokatyamadza. Vanhu vanodzokera shure kwezvikamu zvitatu kubva muzvina zvezana remakore kuti vawane muenzaniso unodzivirirwa weimwe yekuedza kwedu kukuru semhuka, chiitiko icho pasi rose rinopa mari inosvika madhora mazana maviri emadhora gore negore uye United States hafu yacho. Zvakaoma kuwana dziviriro yazvino ye2s nzira dzedzinza, zvepabonde, chitendero, mushonga, chikafu, fodya, kana chero chimwe chinhu. Mundima yehukama hwepasirese, makumi emakore anoverengeka echiitiko chakakosha anotiratidza kuti aripodzimwe nzira dzepamusoro pane kugadzira hondo kuti uwane kuchengeteka. Imperialism yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana yaiitwa muma1940 yakafa uye yaenda, asi kutya kwacho kwakasungirira vadzvinyiriri vasingaverengeki kuzita rekuti "Hitler" mukuparadzira kwehondo kwemakumi emakore. Chaizvoizvo, Hitler mutsva haasi kutyisidzira nyika dzakapfuma dzenyika. Panzvimbo pezvo, vari kutyisidzira nyika dzine urombo zvikuru norudzi rwakasiana zvikuru rwoudzvanyiriri.

Kutora chirevo chekuti Hondo Yenyika II yaive "hondo yakanaka" maererano nezvayo, hezvino zvimwe zvisingawanzo tariswa chokwadi, hapana chimwe chazvo - chisingadi kutaura - kupembedza mhosva dzinotyisa dzechero bato kuhondo iyoyo:

• Kunobvumwa zvakafara kuti Hondo yeNyika I yakanga isingakoshi, asi pasina Hondo yeNyika I kunotevera kwayo hakufungidziriki.
• Kugumisa Hondo Yenyika I nechirango chenyika yose kwete yevaiti vehondo kwakanzwisiswa nevacherechedzi vakachenjera panguva iyoyo kuita kuti Hondo Yenyika II ive nyore.
• Mujaho wezvombo pakati pehondo mbiri dzenyika wakanzwisiswa zvakafara uye zvakarurama kuva uri kuita kuti hondo yechipiri ive nyore.
• US nemamwe makambani ekuMadokero akawana purofiti nekupfumisa nekupa zvombo hurumende dzine njodzi muGermany neJapan, idzo dzaitsigirwawo nehurumende dzekuMadokero pakati pehondo.
• United States yakanga yadzidzisa Japan muhutongi uye ndokuitsamwisa kuburikidza nekuwedzera nharaunda, zvirango zvehupfumi, uye rubatsiro kumauto eChinese.
• Winston Churchill akadana Hondo Yenyika II kuti “Hondo Isingakoshi” achitaura kuti “hapana kumbova nehondo iri nyore zvikuru kumisa.”
• Churchill akawana kuzvipira kwakavanzika kubva kuMutungamiri weUnited States Franklin Roosevelt kuunza United States muhondo.
• Hurumende yeUnited States yaitarisira kurwiswa kweJapan, yakatora zviito zvakawanda zvayaiziva kuti zvingangomutsamwisa, uye isati yarwiswa: yakarayira Navy yayo kuti irwe neJapan, yakatanga hurongwa, yakaunganidza mazita evaJapan vekuAmerica, uye vasina hanya nevarwi verugare vaifamba muJapan. migwagwa kwemakore inopesana nekuvaka-kureba kuhondo neJapan.
• Mutungamiriri weJapan Fumimaro Konoye akakurudzira hurukuro neUnited States muna Chikunguru 1941, idzo Roosevelt akaramba.
• Mutungamiri Roosevelt vakanyepera ruzhinji rweUnited States pamusoro pekurwiswa neNazi uye zvirongwa mukuedza kuwana rutsigiro rwekupinda muhondo.
• Mutungamiri Roosevelt nehurumende yeUnited States vakavhara kuedza kubvumidza vapoteri vechiJuda kupinda muUnited States kana kumwewo.
• Chokwadi nezvemhosva dzeNazi mumisasa yevasungwa chaivepo asi hapana chaakaita muparadziro yehondo kutozosvikira hondo yapera.
• Manzwi akachenjera akafanotaura zvakarurama kuti kupfuurira kwehondo kwaizoreva kuwedzera kwemhosva idzodzo.
• Mushure mekuwana hukuru hwemhepo, veAllies vakaramba kupamba misasa kana kubhomba njanji kwavari.
• Hapana mhosva kunze kwehondo, nenyika ipi neipi, inofananidzwa nekure muhukuru rufu nekuparadzwa kwehondo pachayo.
• Mauto eUS nehurumende vaiziva kuti Japan yaizokanda mapfumo pasi pasina kudonhedza mabhomba enyukireya pamaguta eJapan, asi vakaakanda zvakadaro.
• Mauto eUS akaisa matsotsi ehondo eJapan neGerman pavashandi vayo zvichitevera hondo.
• Vanachiremba vekuUS, vakaita mukuyedza kwevanhu panguva uye mushure meHondo Yenyika II, vaiona zvakanyanya Nuremberg Code seinoshanda chete kumaGerman.
• Nonviolent kuramba Nazism muDenmark, Sweden, Netherlands, uye kunyangwe muBerlin - isina kurongeka uye yakagadziridzwa kunyangwe yaive muzuva iroro nezera - yakaratidza kugona kunoshamisa.
• Hondo Yenyika II yakapa nyika: hondo idzo vagari vemo ndivo vanonyanya kubatwa, pamwe neuto guru reUS riripo nechisimba pasirese.

Kugadzirira Hondo Hakusiwo "Kudzivirirwa"

Pfungwa imwe chete ingati kurwisa imwe nyika "kudzivirira" inogona kushandiswa kuyedza kupembedza kumisa zvachose kwemauto mune imwe nyika. Mhedzisiro yacho, mune zvese zviri zviviri, inopesana, inoburitsa kutyisidzira pane kuabvisa. Panyika dzinenge 196 pasi pano, United States ine mauto angasvika 177. Mamwe marudzi mashoma anewo nhamba duku zvikuru yemauto ari kunze kwenyika. Ichi hachisi chekudzivirira kana chinodiwa chiitiko kana mari.

Uto rinodzivirira raizove nemurindi wegungwa, muganhu wepatrol, anti-ndege zvombo, uye mamwe masimba anokwanisa kudzivirira pakurwiswa. Kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwechiuto, kunyanya nenyika dzakapfuma, kunogumbura. Zvombo kunze kwenyika, mumakungwa, uye muchadenga hazvidziviriri. Mabhomba nezvinokandwa zvinonangana nedzimwe nyika hazvidziviriri. Nyika zhinji dzakapfuma, kusanganisira idzo dzine zvombo zvakawanda zvisingashandiri chinangwa chekuzvidzivirira, dzinopedza mari isingasviki mabhiriyoni zana emadhora gore negore kumauto adzo. Iyo yakawedzera $100 bhiriyoni inounza US mari yekushandisa kusvika inosvika $900 trillion pagore haisanganisi chinhu chinodzivirira.

Kudzivirirwa hakufaniri kusanganisira kurwisana

Mukurondedzera hondo yemazuva ano muAfghanistan neIraq sevasingadziviriri, takasiya maonero eAfghans neAraqis? Zvinodzivirirwa kurwisana pakurwiswa here? Zvechokwadi, ndizvo. Iyo ndiyo tsanangudzo yekudzivirira. Asi, ngatirangarirei kuti ndivo vanosimudzira hondo avo vanoti kuzvidzivirira kunoita kuti hondo ive yakarurama. Uchapupu hunoratidza kuti nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira ndeyekuti, nguva yakawanda kupfuura kwete, kusagadzikana kwekusagadzikana. Nhema dzevanhu vemhare dzinoratidzira kuti kusaita chisingaiti chinhu chisina simba, chisingaiti, uye chisina maturo mukugadzirisa matambudziko makuru evanhu. Ichokwadi kuratidzira zvakasiyana. Saka zvinogoneka kuti chisarudzo chakanaka kupfuura zvose zveIraq kana Afghanistan chakanga chisingarevi kurwisana, kusina kubatanidzwa, uye kukumbira kururamisiro rwepasi rose.

Sarudzo dzakadai dzinonyanya kukurudzira kana tichifungidzira nyika yakaita seUnited States, iine masimba makuru pamusoro pemitumbi yepasi rose senge United Nations, ichipindura kurwisa kunobva kunze kwenyika. Vanhu veUnited States vaigona kuramba kugamuchira masimba ekunze. Runyararo zvikwata zvinobva kunze kwenyika zvinogona kujoinha kusagadzikana. Zvirango zvakanangwa uye kutongwa zvinogona kusanganiswa nedzvinyiriro yenyika dzese. Kune dzimwe nzira dzekuita zvechisimba.

Hondo Inoita Kuti Munhu Wese Ade Akachengeteka

Mubvunzo unokosha, zvisinei, hausi iyo rudzi rwacho rwakarwiswa runofanira kupindura, asi sei kudzivirira rudzi rune utsinye kurwisa. Imwe nzira yekubatsira kuita izvo zvingave kuparadzira kuziva kuti hondo inoita kuti vanhu vangovadza vanhu pane kuvadzivirira.

Kuramba hondo iyoyo inokosha haisi yakangofanana nekukundikana kuona kuti kune zvakaipa munyika. Ichokwadi, hondo inofanira kuverengwa seimwe yezvinhu zvakashata zvikuru munyika. Hapana chakaipa chakaipa iyo hondo inogona kushandiswa kudzivirira. Uye kushandisa hondo kurambidza kana kuranga kushandiswa kwehondo kwakaratidza kukanganisa kunotyisa.

Ngano dzehondo dzinoita kuti titende kuti hondo inouraya vanhu vakaipa vanoda kuurayiwa kuti vatidzivirire uye rusununguko rwedu. Kutaura zvazviri, hondo dzichangobva kuitika dzinobatanidza nyika dzakapfuma dzave dziri kuuraya kwedivi rimwe chete kwevana, vakwegura, uye vagariwo zvavo vomunyika dzine urombo vakarwiswa. Uye nepo “rusununguko” rwakashanda seruramiso yehondo, hondo dzakabatira se ruramisiro yekuvhara rusununguko rwechokwadi.

Iko pfungwa yokuti iwe unogona kuwana kodzero nekupa simba hurumende yako kushanda muchivande uye kuuraya vanhu vakawanda mazwi anongonzwisisika kana hondo isiri chinhu chedu chete. Apo zvose zvaunazvo nyundo, dambudziko rose rinoratidzika semisungo. Nokudaro hondo ndeye mhinduro kumakakatanwa ose emamwe marudzi, uye hondo dzinotyisa dzinokonzera kwenguva yakareba dzinogona kupera nekudziwedzera.

Zvirwere zvinodzivirirwa, tsaona, kuzviuraya, kudonha, kunyura, uye kupisa kwemamiriro ekunze kunouraya vanhu vazhinji muUnited States nedzimwe nyika zhinji kupfuura kuita hugandanga. Kana ugandanga ukaita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuisa $ 1 tiririyoni pagore mukugadzirira zvehondo, chii chinopisa mamiriro ekunze chinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuita?

Nhema yehukuru hwehugandanga inopesana nemasangano akaita seFBI anogara achikurudzira, mari, nekubatanidza vanhu vasingazombokwanisi kuva mitezo yegandanga pachavo.

Chidzidzo chekukurudzira chaiko kwehondo kunojekesa kuti kudikanwa hakufananidzi mukuita sarudzo, kunze kwekunge propaganda kune veruzhinji.

"Kudzora Kwevanhu" neMisa-Kuuraya Hakusi Sarudzo

Pakati peavo vanoziva kuti hondo inokuvadza zvakadii, kune imwezve dzidziso yekufungidzira yeiyi yakasarudzika institution: hondo inodiwa mukutonga kwevanhu. Asi kugona kwepasi kudzikamisa huwandu hwevanhu kuri kutanga kuratidza zviratidzo zvekushanda pasina hondo. Mhedzisiro yacho ichave inotyisa. Mhinduro inogona kunge iri yekudyara imwe yehupfumi hwakawanda hwakakandirwa muhondo mukuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwehupenyu panzvimbo. Pfungwa yekushandisa hondo kubvisa mabhiriyoni evarume, vakadzi, nevana inoda kushandura mhando dzinogona kufunga idzo dzinofunga kuti hadzina kufanira kuchengetedza (kana kuti isingakodzere kushora maNazi); nerombo rakanaka vanhu vazhinji havagone kufunga chero chinhu chinotyisa kudaro.

Nhepfenyuro yezviri pamusoro apa.

Zvishandiso nemamwe mashoko.

Zvimwe Nhema:

Hondo haigoneki.

Hondo inobatsira.