Berlin Bulletin Nhamba 134, Gunyana 25 2017
Yakanyorwa naVictor Grossman
Mhedzisiro yakakosha yesarudzo dzeGerman haisi yekuti Angela Merkel nebato rake rakapetwa, Christian Democratic Union (CDU) neBavarian CSU (Christian Social Union), vakakwanisa kuramba vari pamberi nemavhoti akawanda, asi kuti vakagumburwa. kurasikirwa kukuru kubva pakuvambwa kwavo.
Chechipiri kiyi mhedzisiro ndeyekuti iyo Social Democrats (SPD) yakavharwa zvakare, zvakare nemhedzisiro yakaipisisa kubva muhondo. Uye sezvo vatatu ava vakachata muhurumende yemubatanidzwa kwemakore mana apfuura, kubata kwavo kwakaratidza kuti vavhoti vazhinji vaive vasiri vanhu vanofara, vakagutsikana vanogara vachifananidzirwa naYou-never-had-it-so-good-Merkel, asi vari kunetseka. , akavhiringidzika uye akatsamwa. Vakashatirwa kwazvo zvokuti vakaramba mapato aitungamirira eNzvimbo, ayo anomirira nokudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu.
Nyaya yechitatu yakakosha, iyo inotyisa chaizvo, ndeyekuti chikamu chimwe muzvisere chevavhoti, vangangosvika gumi nenhatu muzana, vakaburitsa kutsamwa kwavo munzira ine njodzi - kubato rechidiki reAlternative for Germany (AfD), rine vatungamiriri vakapatsanurwa pakati pekurudyi. vanosarura uye vanonyanya kusarura vanhu. Nevatevedzeri vanosvika makumi masere vane ruzha muBundestag nyowani - kutanga kwavo nyika - vezvenhau vanofanirwa kuvapa nzvimbo yakawandisa kupfuura nakare kuti vaburitse meseji yavo ine chepfu (uye midhiya yakawanda yave nerupo kwavari kusvika zvino).
Iyi njodzi yakaipisisa muSaxony, iyo yakasimba yeEast Germany nyika, yakatonga kubva pakubatana neCDU inochengetedza. AfD yakasundira munzvimbo yekutanga ne27%, ichirova CDU zvishoma nechikamu chegumi cheperesenti, kukunda kwavo kwekutanga mune chero nyika (Kuruboshwe kwakawana 16.1, SPD chete 10.5 % muSaxony). Mufananidzo uyu wakanga wakafanana mune zvakawanda zvepasi-pasi-zvitsitsinho, zvakasarura East Germany uye zvakare mune yaimbova nhare yeSocial Democratic, iyo Rhineland-Ruhr mudunhu reWest Germany, uko vazhinji vanoshanda uye vakatonyanya vasina mabasa vakatsvaga vavengi. mamiriro ezvinhu - uye akasarudza AfD. Varume kwese kwese kupfuura vakadzi.
Zvakaoma kufuratira mabhuku enhau. Muna 1928 vaNazi vakawana 2.6% chete, muna 1930 izvi zvakakura kusvika 18.3%. Pakazosvika 1932 - kusvika pamwero mukuru nekuda kweDepression - vakange vaita bato rakasimba riine 30%. Nyika inoziva zvakaitika mugore rakatevera. Zviitiko zvinogona kufamba nekukurumidza.
MaNazi akavakira pakusagutsikana, kutsamwa uye kupesana nevaJudha, vachitungamira hasha dzevanhu kumaJuda pachinzvimbo chevaKrupps vane mhosva chaizvo kana maMillionaires eDeutsche Bank. Sezvineiwo, AfD yave kutungamira kutsamwa kwevanhu, panguva ino kashoma kurwisa maJuda asi kuti kurwisa maMuslim, "Islamists", vatorwa. Vakagadziriswa pane "vamwe vanhu" ava vanonzi vakatunhidzwa vachibhadharisa "vanhu vakanaka vekuGerman" vanoshanda, uye vanopomera Angela Merkel nevamwe vake vemubatanidzwa, veSocial democrats - kunyangwe vese vari kukurumidza kudzoka pamubvunzo uyu. kuenda kune dzimwezve zvirambidzo uye kudzingwa. Asi usambofa wakakurumidza zvakakwana kune AfD, vanoshandisa matekiniki mamwe chete semumakore apfuura, kusvika pari zvino nebudiriro yakafanana. Vanopfuura miriyoni yevavhoti veCDU uye vanoda kusvika hafu yemiriyoni yevavhoti veSPD vakachinja kuvimbika neSvondo nekuvhotera AfD.
Kune akawanda akafanana kune imwe nzvimbo muEurope, asiwo munenge makondinendi ese. Vakasarudzwa vane mhosva MuU.SA vane tsika dzeAfrica-America, asi ipapo Latinos uye ikozvino - seEurope - vaMuslim, "Islamists", vatorwa. Kuedza kurwisa maitiro akadai nemakampani ekupikisa uye ruvengo rweRussia, maNorth Korea kana maIran anongowedzera nyaya - uye nenjodzi zvakanyanya, kana nyika dzine simba guru remauto uye zvombo zveatomu zvine chekuita. Asi kufanana kwacho kunotyisa! Uye muEurope Germany, mune zvese kunze kwezvombo zveatomu, ndiyo nyika yakasimba kwazvo.
Paive pasina dzimwe, dzimwe nzira dziri nani pane AfD yevanopikisa "kuramba uri munzira"? MaFree Democrats, boka rine hunhu rine zvisungo zvebhizinesi hombe chete, vakakwanisa kuwana kudzoka kwakasimba kubva mukupunzika, vaine 10.7% inogutsa, asi kwete nekuda kwemasirogani avo asina zvaanoreva uye akangwara, mutungamiri asina tsika, asi nekuti ivo. akanga asina kuva bato kusangano rinodzora.
Kana maGreens uye DIE LINKE (kuruboshwe). Kusiyana nemapato maviri makuru, ivo vese vakavandudza mavhoti avo pamusoro peaya a2013 - asi ne0.5% chete yeGreens uye 0.6 % yeKuruboshwe, zvirinani pane kurasikirwa, asi zvese zviri zviviri zvinoodza mwoyo zvikuru. Iwo maGreens, nekuwedzera kwavo kubudirira, hungwaru uye nehunyanzvi maitiro, haana kupa zororo rakakura neKutangwa.
Kuruboshwe, kunyangwe kusinga peri kushata midhiya kurapwa, kwaifanira kunge kwakave nemukana wakakura. Yakapokana nemubatanidzwa wenyika isingafarirwe uye yakatora matanho ekurwa pazvinhu zvakawanda: kubviswa kwemauto eGerman kubva kumakakatanwa, pasina zvombo kunzvimbo dzine mhirizhonga (kana kupi zvako), mibairo yakakwira yakakwira, penjeni yepakutanga uye yevanhu, mutero chaiwo wemamirioni nemabhirioni vanobvarura. MaGermany nenyika.
Yakarwa kurwa kwakanaka uye, ichiita kudaro, yakasundidzira mamwe mapato kune imwe gadziriso, nekutya kuwana Kuruboshwe. Asi yakabatanawo nehurumende dzemubatanidzwa mumatunhu maviri ekuEast Germany neBerlin (yakatotungamira imwe yadzo, muThuringia). Zvakaedza zvakaoma kana zvakashaya basa kuti abatanidze vamwe vaviri. Muzviitiko zvese zvakadaro yakadzora zvayaida, ichinzvenga kuzunungusa igwa, zvakanyanyisa, nekuti izvozvo zvaigona kukanganisa tariro yeruremekedzo uye nhanho yekukwira kubva pakona "isingateereri" inowanzopihwa kwairi. Yakawanawo kashoma nzira yekubva kuhondo dzekutaura uye munzira, neruzha uye nehasha kutsigira varovi uye vanhu vanotyisidzirwa nekudzingwa kukuru, kana kudzingwa nevakapfuma gentrifiers, nemamwe mazwi kuita dambudziko rechokwadi kune ese ari kurwara mamiriro aripo, kunyangwe kutyora. inotonga nguva nenguva, kwete nemashoko echimurenga emusango kana kuti mafafitera akapwanyika uye marara akatsva asi nokuramba kwakakurumbira uku achipa maonero anovimbika enguva yemberi, pedyo nokure. Apo izvi zvakanga zvisipo, kunyanya kumabvazuva kweGermany, vanhu vakatsamwa kana vainetseka vakazviona, zvakare, sechikamu cheKutangwa uye mudziviriri wemamiriro ezvinhu. Dzimwe nguva, pamatanho emunharaunda, kunyangwe ematunhu, iyi girovhosi inokodzera zvese zvakanyanya. Kushaikwa kwayo kunenge kuzere kwevanoshanda-kirasi vakakwikwidza kwakatora chikamu. Chirongwa chekuita chakadaro chingaite semhinduro yega yechokwadi kune vanotyisidzira verudzi nemafascist. Kutenda kwayo, yaipikisa kuvenga vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kunyange zvazvo izvi zvaiita kuti vavhoti vakawanda vaipikisa kamwe chete; 400,000 yakachinja kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kuAfD.
Imwe nyaradzo; muBerlin, uko kuri kuhurumende yemubatanidzwa, Kuruboshwe vakaita zvakanaka, kunyanya muEast Berlin, vachisarudzazve vamiriri vana zvakananga uye vachiswedera pedyo kupfuura nakare kose mune mamwe matunhu maviri, nepo varwi veKuruboshwe mapoka muWest Berlin vakawana zvakawanda kupfuura vakuru. East Berlin nhare.
Padanho renyika zviitiko zvinoshamisa zvinogona kunge zviri kuitika. Sezvo SPD ichiramba kumutsiridza mubatanidzwa wayo usingafadzi nebato raMerkel rakapetwa kaviri, achamanikidzwa, kuwana zvigaro zvakawanda muBundestag, kuti abatane nevese bhizinesi hombe reFDP uye rakabvaruka, risingaregi Greens. Vese vari vaviri havadanane nemoyo wese, nepo maGreen midzi mazhinji achipokana nechibvumirano naMerkel kana FDP yakaenzana. Vatatu ava vangabatana here voumba inonzi “Jamaica coalition”- zvichibva pamavara emureza wenyika iyoyo, dema (CDU-CSU), yeyero (FDP) neGreen? Kana zvisina kudaro, chii zvino? Sezvo pasina-munhu achabatana neiyo kure-kurudyi AfD - kwete, zvakadaro - hapana mhinduro inoonekwa, kana pamwe inogoneka.
Mubvunzo mukuru, pamusoro pezvose, wakajeka; zvinozoita here kudzosera kumashure njodzi yepati izere nemaungira ekare anotyisa uye azere nevayemureri vayo, avo vanoramba varipachena vachida kuzvarwa patsva, uye vakagadzirira kushandisa chero nzira dzekuzadzisa zviroto zvavo zvinotyisa. Uye, sorutivi rwokukundwa kweiyi tyisidziro, ngozi dzakadaro dziri kuuya kurugare rwenyika dzinogona kubviswa here?
