NeHero Anwar Bzrw naGayle Morrow, January 31, 2019
From Counterpunch
MunaAugust we1990, Saddam Hussein akatumira mauto Iraq muKaititi, muvakidzani we-oil-rich muIraq, achinyengera achifunga kuti dzimwe nyika dzeArabhu munharaunda iyi uye United States haingabatsiri kuKaititi. IUnited Nations yakapindura nokukurumidza uye, pakukurudzirwa kweUnited States neUnited States, yakagadzirisa zvikwereti zvezvemari kuburikidza neSarudzo 661 pamwe nekuvharidzirwa kwechikepe kuti kusimbise mitongo neCarolution 665. MunaNovember, UN yakapfuura Resolution 668 ichipa Irak kusvika munaJanuary 15, 1991, kubvisa kana kutarisana nemigumisiro yehondo kubva kumauto eUnited Nations.
Musi waJanuary 16, 1991, nemauto eIraq achiri kusungwa muKoit, Operation Desert Storm, yakatungamirirwa neAmerican General Norman Schwarzkopf uye yakabatana nemakumi matatu nemaviri UN, yakatanga neyo ndege yekutanga yekuendesa ichibva kuPersian Gulf, inotungamirirwa neBaghdad. Zvisarudzo zvakapfuurira kwemakore gumi nematatu-1990-2003-kusvikira nguva refu mushure mekunge hurumende yeIraq yakanga yabva kuKaititi.
Hero Anwar Brzw, pamwechete nemukoma wake, aiva mudzidzi weSunivhesiti yeShadhaddin muErbil, Iraq, chikamu chekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika - Kurdistan. Irak uye Kurdistan vane nhoroondo refu yekusabvumirana uye kupandukira kunodzokera shure pfupi mushure meWWI, apo hutongi hweOttoman hwakaparadzaniswa sezvakapambwa zvehondo, uye vaBritain vakatora nzvimbo iyi.
Iyi iri kudzokorora nyaya yake yekutyisidzira kwehondo uye yemigumisiro yakaipa yezvimhosva kune vanhu vaKurdhi neIraqi.
Nhau yeHero
Kuwait yakavhiringidzwa mu1990. Isu isu taizobhadhara taitya kutya uku. Takaziva kuti zvakanga zvisina kururama kuti Iraq iende kuKaititi, uye taiziva kuti mutengo waizobhadharwa pakupedzisira isu, vanhu, kwete avo vari hurumende vakaitanga. Ndaive mudzidzi kuYunivhesiti, uye vadzidzi vakanga vachibva. "Zviri nani kuva pamba kana pane kurwisa," vakadaro.
Pakuvamba mitemo yakatongerwa yakatirova. Izvo zvakashamisa kwazvo. Kare kare muIraq mari yezvinhu zvakakosha yakanga isingabhadhari, asi pakarepo nhamba yakapetwa kaviri, katatu, uye ipapo skyrocketed asinganzwisisiki. Vanhu kazhinji vakava nehanya zvikuru pamusoro pezvinonyanya kukosha zvoupenyu, zvokudya. Izvi zvakasvibiswa nekumwe kusachengeteka kukuru-kumirira hondo. Kune vazhinji vedu isu nzira yekugadzirisa nayo pakutanga pakutanga kushandisa mari yedu; saka, pavakaoma, kutengesa chero zvataigona.
MuIraq, netsika taidya katatu pazuva uye taidya mukati. Zvishoma nezvishoma izvi zvakachinja kuva zvokudya zviviri pazuva. MuIraq vanhu vaigara vaine teji gumi pazuva. Kamwe kamwe hatina kukwanisa kuwana izvi, kunyange zvazvo tei isingadhura.
Fungidzira kusava nezvokudya zvakakwana patafura kuti ugutsikane iwe, uchidya kuti ugare. Mumhuri mangu taigona kupona pakutanga, asi mumakore maviri ekupedzisira ezvimhosva takasiya tafura tine nzara, nokuda makore maviri achienderera mberi. Kwakanga kune dzimwe mhuri dzaiva nevana vakashaya kuchikoro nekushaya zvokudya. Mumwe mudzidzisi ari munzvimbo inonetseka akataura kuti zuva rega rega vana vatatu paavhareji vaizoendeswa kuchipatara nekuda kwekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri.
[Kusarudzwa-kwakakonzerwa nokushaiwa kwezvokudya kwakanga kusiri dambudziko chete. Kurds, kufanana neHerodhe Anwar Brzw, akatarisana nemisungo miviri. Pamusoro pemisungo yepasi pose muIraq, hurumende yeBaghdad yakapomera vaKurds nezvimwe zvikwereti, mukupindura kurwendo rwaKurdistan rwekuzvimirira.]
Baghdad vakaranga Kurdistan nekudzivirira magetsi edu kweawa rimwe chete kana maviri pazuva. Iyi mitemo yakaramba ichienderera kwemakore. Amai vangu vakabika chingwa panguva iyo, kuitira kuti pave nechingwa chekudya chamangwanani zuva raitevera. Hatina kukwanisika kutenga chingwa kubva kubhandiro sezvatakanga tamboita zvisati zvatemwa.
Fufu yakanga iri dambudziko guru zvakare. Takanga tine ovini yegasi asi isu taisakwanisa kuishandisa, nekuda kwezvibvumirano zveBaghdad pafosheni. Takagadzira zvivhomore kunze kwekudzokidzwa zvakare emagetsi emagetsi nemagetsi emagetsi kuti ashandise kuitira heater uye imwe yekubika.
Munguva yezvakawanda, iwe haungadyi chingwa ichocho nokuti chakanga chisina kunaka, asi nokuti takanga tine nzara, yakaratidzika seinofadza kwatiri. Zvose zvokudya zvakanaka zvakamira: zvinodya, masipi, uye michero. Pfungwa dzepfungwa takanzwa tisina kuchengeteka nguva dzose.
Amai vakabika muto we lentiki uye takavhenganisa sipu nechingwa chechingwa chekudya kwedu. Pane imwe nguva, panzvimbo yekuwedzera nyuchi, Amai vakaerekana vawedzera yakawanda inopisa chiri pepper. Hatina kukwanisa kudya muto. Takaedza, asi yakanga yakaoma. Asi nekuda kwemari, Amai havana kukwanisa kuti, "Zvakanaka, tichava nechimwe chinhu."
Zvakanga zvichitambudza kudya muto iwoyo. Takanga tichichema, uye tichiedza zvakare kuti tidye. Chimwe chekudya chakakwana chakasakara. Hatina kukwanisa kuzvidya. Asi nokuda kwezuva rakatevera Amai vaidzorera. "Handigone kukanda zvokudya," akadaro. Izvo zvakaoma sei kutipa zvingwa zvaaiziva zvatisingadi, uye taisakwanisa kudya! Mushure memakore ose aya ini ndichiri kuyeuka.
Zvose zvebasa rehurumende dzaisanyanya kudhurika nekuda kwemitemo, kusanganisira yehutano. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, zvipatara uye mazano ezvokurapa zvaive hurumende yakatsigirwa, kunyange kune zvirwere zvisingaperi uye muzvipatara. Isuwo takagamuchira mishonga pasina zvekunyunyuta kwose.
Pamusana pezvigadziriswa, pakanga pane vashoma vasarudzo zvemarudzi ose emishonga. Mishonga inowanikwa yakavharirwa kune zvikamu zvisingabvumirwi. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekusarudzwa zvakave zvisingacharegi uye kuvimba mumamiriro ezvinhu zvakasununguka.
Izvi zvakakanganisa kuvhiyiwa pamwe nehutano hwehutano. Mushure mokunge chirango chakatanga, kusasha kwezvokudya kwakakonzera matambudziko akawanda ehutano. Kusagadzikana kwezvokudya kwakasara kwakava mutoro mutsva pachipatara, asi chirongwa chacho pachacho chaiva nemishonga mishoma uye midziyo kupfuura yekare.
Kuti kuwedzere matambudziko, nguva yechando muKurdistan inotonhora zvikuru. Kerosene ndiyo yaiva nzira huru yekupisa, asi hurumende yeIraqi yakabvumira kerosene mumatatu matatu ekurdhi. Pane imwe nguva kwaive kuchando uye hatina nzira yekupisa dzimba dzedu.
Kana vanhu vane unyanzvi vakaedza kuunza kerosene gumi kana makumi maviri kubva panzvimbo dzakasiyiwa nehurumende yeBaghdad kuenda kune nzvimbo dzisina mafuta, mafuta acho akabviswa kwavari. Vanhu vakaedza kutakura uremu hwakadaro pamasana avo kuti vapinde nepakati pekuongorora; dzimwe nguva vakabudirira, dzimwe nguva havana. Mumwe munhu akanga ane mafuta akadururirwa pamusoro pake uye akaisa pasi; akazova chiedza chevanhu kuti avhare vamwe.
Fungidzira kana iwe usina kuwana zvigadzirwa kubva kune rimwe guta munyika yako! Zvirango zvemukati zvakanangana nevanhu veKurd zvakange zvakatokura kupfuura zvirango zvepasi rose. Hatina kukwanisa kutenga mazuva zviri pamutemo. Vanhu vakaisa hupenyu hwavo panjodzi kuti vauye nemisi kubva kune chimwe chikamu cheIraq ichienda kune chimwe. Hatina kukwanisa kuve nemadomasi muErbil, kunyangwe munzvimbo yeMosul, pasingapfuure awa rimwe chete, paive nemagirinhi kwavakarima matomatisi.
Zvose zvinorambidzwa zvakaenderera mberi kusvikira kuparadzwa kwehurumende yeSaddam mu2003.
Zvisinei iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti zvigadziro zvakawira pavanhu - vanhu vasina mhosva veIraqi - kwete hurumende. Saddam Hussein nevashamwari vake vaigona kutenga marudzi ese ewaini, fodya nezvimwe zvakadaro - chero zvavaida, chaizvoizvo, zvakanakisisa zvezvose. Havana kutambura kubva pamitemo.
Zvirango zvakatemerwa vanhu veIraq neinonzi "nyika hurusa pasi pano," United States of America, yakauraya vanhu vazhinji kwazvo, kwete chete nemabhomba nemabara, asiwo nenzara, kushaya zvinovaka muviri, kupera simba, mishonga isingawanikwe; vana vakafa nekushaya chikafu nemishonga. Izvo zvinorondedzerwa inyaya hombe mhosva yehondo.
[Muna a 1996 CBS 60 Maminitsi anobvunzurudzwa, Madeleine Albright akabvunzwa na Leslie Stahl kana kufa kwevana 500,000 panguva yekutongerwa kwaiva mutengo wakakodzera kubhadhara. Albright akapindura, "Ndinofunga kuti ichi chisarudzo chakaoma, asi mutengo - tinofunga kuti mutengo unokosha."]
Paivawo neKurds nevanhu veIraqi vakazviuraya pachavo mukushaya tariro, nokuti vakanga vasingagoni kupa zvakakwana mhuri dzavo. Mazita avo haasi kuwedzerwa kune urongwa hwevarwere. Zvino pane vanhu vakwereta mari kune vamwe kuti havagoni kudzorera; ivo vakanyadziswa uye vanotyisidzirwa uye kazhinji vanoendeswa kune kuzviuraya.
Kubva pakutanga takanga tichiziva kuti zvigaro zvisiri izvo hazvina kuchinja hurumende: haina kumboita zvechisimba nekuda kwemitemo! Vakanga vane zvombo zvokushandisa kune vanhu veIraqi, vakashandisa, uye vakatikuvadza.
Izvo hazviiti zvinonzwisisika kunze kwekusviba mitambo yezvematongerwe enyika. Zviri pachena kuti yakanga iri pamusoro pekuuya kweKoititi, kuve nechokwadi chokuti Saddam haana kurwisa dzimwe nyika uye kushandisa zvombo zveMisa Kuparadza izvo Saddam yaifanira kunge yakachengetwa pane imwe nzvimbo. IUnited States chete inoda kugadzirisa mhizha yezvombo.
Asi izvo zvakakonzerwa neU.S. ndechekuvhara mishonga inokosha uye zvokudya kubva kuIraq, kuisa upenyu hwevanhu vasina mhosva veIraqi uye kutungamirira kumazana ezviuru zvekufa nekusava nekurapa kwekurapa.
Munhu akaora mwoyo asina mukana wekuporesa, uye asina ruzivo rwekupa mazano, haagoni kuona zvakajeka. Anoona zvinhu zvose ne "US" zvakadhindwa pazviri uye anovenga US. Anofunga kuti mukana wega wekutsiva ndewekuita zvechiuto. Kana iwe uchienda kunyika dzakadai seIraq, Afghanistan, kana dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzakatambura nemitemo yeUnited States, kutakura pasi rako risipoti inogona kuisa hupenyu hwako pangozi nekuda kwemabasa asina kunaka ehurumende yeUnited States.
[Polls neGallup, Pew, nedzimwe sangano nguva dzose, kubva ku2013, zvinoratidza kuti vazhinji vevanhu mune dzimwe nyika vanofunga kuti US inonyanya kukuvadza rugare rwepasi. Mukuwedzera, vazhinji vekare uye vemazuva ano vakuru vakuru vehurumende nevatungamiriri vakaramba vachireva kuti mazano eSouth akashandiswa munyika dzeMuslim inoita mamwe magandanga kupfuura anodzivisa.]
Kukurudzira kuziva kunoita kuti vanhu vataure "Kwete" kune kusaruramisira. Izvi ndizvo zvatinogona kuita. Kugovera nyaya idzi inzira yedu yekuchenesa nyika pamusoro pezviitiko zvisingaoneki, zvisingaoneki zvevanhu zvekutongwa.
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Hero Anwar Brzw akaberekwa musi waMay 25, 1971 muSulaymaniyah muKurdistan, Iraq. Akamutora bachelor's degree in civil engineering mu1992 kuSalahaddin University muErbil, Iraq. Iye ndiye Mutevedzeri Wenyika Director we REACH(Kuvandudza, Dzidzo uye Utano Hwevanhu) muIraq.
Gayle Morrow ndiye munyori wezvipiri uye anotsvakurudza World BEYOND War, yenyika yose, nheyo dzenyika dzinotsigira kuparadzwa kwehondo. Gayle anobatsira nekugadzirisa chiedza uye kuongorora kuongorora munyaya ino.
Basa iri rekushandira raiva chibereko chekuzvipira kwevakazvipira vazhinji mukugadzirisa nekugadzirisa hurongwa. Kuvonga kune vazhinji vasina zita World BEYOND War Vazvipiri vakabatsira kuita chidimbu ichi.
