Mwanakomana waMcNamara pane Dzimwe Nhema dzaBaba Vake NezveVietnam

(mufananidzo wazvino wemba yaigara vaMcNamara muWashington DC)

NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, June 15, 2022

Zvakawanda chero chinhu chinoomesa nyaya yemunhu igadziriso yakanaka kune tsika yekurerutsa uye caricature. Saka, munhu anofanirwa kugamuchira bhuku raCraig McNamara, Nekuti Madzibaba Vedu Vakanyepa: Chiyeuchidzo Chechokwadi uye Mhuri, kubva kuVietnam kusvika Nhasi. Baba vaCraig, Robert McNamara vaive Secretary of War (“Defense”) kune yakawanda yehondo paVietnam. Akange apihwa sarudzo yeiyo kana Secretary of Treasury, pasina chinodiwa kuti azive chero basa chero ripi zvaro, uye chokwadi hapana chinodiwa chekuve nepfungwa diki yekuti kudzidza kugadzira nekuchengetedza rugare kwakatovapo.

Ruzhinji rwekuti "Madzibaba" muzita rinoratidzika kunge rakasimudzwa kubva kuna Rudyard Kipling, sezvo paine baba mumwechete murevi wenhema akatariswa mubhuku. Nyaya yake haina kuomeswa nekuve kwake baba vakanaka. Zvinoratidza kuti aive baba vanotyisa zvakanyanya: vasina hanya, vasingafarire, vakabatikana. Asi akanga asiri baba vane utsinye kana chisimba kana kuti vasingafungi. Akanga asiri baba vasina rudo rwakawanda uye vavariro dzakanaka. Zvinondibaya moyo kuti - tichifunga nezvemabasa aaive nawo - haana kuita hafu yakaipa, uye angadai akaita zvakanyanya kuipa. Nyaya yake yakaoma, seyemunhu chero upi zvake, kupfuura iyo inogona kupfupikiswa mundima kana kunyange bhuku. Aive akanaka, akaipa, uye ari pakati nepakati munzira dzemirioni. Asi akaita zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakashata zvakamboitwa, aiziva kuti aizviita, akaziva nguva refu mushure mekunge azviita, uye haana kumbomira kupa zvikonzero zveBS.

Zvinotyisa zvakaitirwa vanhu muVietnam zvakatarisana neiri bhuku reushingi, asi usambofa wakatariswa nezvekukuvadzwa kwakaitwa mauto eUS. Mune izvo, bhuku iri harina kusiyana nemabhuku mazhinji pane chero hondo yeUS - chinenge chinodikanwa kuti uve murudzi. Ganhuro rekutanga rebhuku rinosanganisira mutsara uyu:

“Haana kumbondiudza kuti aiziva kuti Hondo yeVietnam yaisakunda. Asi aiziva.”

Dai zvese zvawaifanira kufamba nazvo riri bhuku iri, waizofunga kuti Robert McNamara akaita "zvikanganiso" (chimwe chinhu chisina Hitler kana Putin kana chero muvengi wehurumende yeUS akambomboita - vanoita hutsinye) uye kuti zvaaida kuita. nehondo yeVietnam yaive "kurega" kurwa (zvinova zvinobatsira chikamu chakakosha chezvinodiwa izvozvi muYemen, Ukraine, nekumwewo), uye kuti zvaakanyepa nezvazvo aingotaura budiriro pamberi pekutadza (kunova zvinobatsira chinhu chinoitwa muhondo imwe neimwe uye inofanira kupedzwa nemunhu wese). Asi isu hatife takanzwa mumapeji aya nezve basa raMcNamara mukukwidziridza chinhu ichi kuita hondo huru pakutanga - zvakaenzana nekupinda kwaPutin kuUkraine, kunyangwe pamwero mukuru, weropa. Heino ndima yakatorwa mubhuku rangu Hondo Ndicho Nhema:

"Muna 2003 documentary yakadana The Fog of War, Robert McNamara, anga ari Secretary of 'kudzivirira' panguva yenhema dzeTonkin, yakabvuma kuti kurwisa kwaAugust 4 hakuna kuitika uye kuti pakanga pane kusava nechokwadi kwakakomba panguva iyoyo. Haana kutaura kuti musi waAugust 6 akanga apupurira mumusangano wakavharwa weSenate Foreign Relations uye Armed Services Committees pamwe chete naGen. Earl Wheeler. Pamberi pemakomiti maviri aya, varume vose vari vaviri vakataura nechokwadi chakakwana kuti North Vietnamese yakarwisa August 4. McNamara haanawo kutaura kuti mazuva mashomanana mushure mokunge Tonkin Gulf isati yaitika, akanga akumbira Joint Chiefs of Staff kuti vamupe. rondedzero yezvimwe zviito zveUS zvinogona kutsamwisa North Vietnam. Akawana rondedzero uye akatsigira izvo zvinotsamwisa mumisangano pamberi paJohnson's kurayira zviito zvakadaro musi waGunyana 10. Zviito izvi zvaisanganisira kutangisazve kutenderera kwengarava kumwe chete uye kuwedzera mabasa epachivande, uye pakasvika Gumiguru kuraira kubhomba kwengarava kuenda kumahombekombe kwenzvimbo dzeradar.67 A 2000-2001 National Security Agency (NSA) mushumo wakagumisa ipapo. handina kurwiswa kuTonkin muna Nyamavhuvhu 4 uye kuti NSA yakanga yanyepa nemaune. The Bush Administration haina kubvumira chirevo kuti chibudiswe kusvika 2005, nekuda kwekunetseka kuti zvinogona kukanganisa manyepo ari kuudzwa kuti hondo dzeAfghanistan neIraq dzitange.

Sezvandiri akanyora panguva iyo firimu The Fog of War yakaburitswa, McNamara akaita zvishoma zvekudemba-kutaura uye zvakasiyana siyana zvezvikonzero. Imwe yezvikonzero zvake zvakati wandei yaive yekupomera LBJ. Craig McNamara anonyora kuti akabvunza baba vake kuti sei zvakamutorera nguva yakareba kudaro kuti ataure zvishoma zvaakataura nenzira yekukumbira ruregerero, uye kuti chikonzero chakapiwa nababa vake chaiva "kuvimbika" kuna JFK naLBJ - varume vaviri vasina mukurumbira wekuvimbika kune mumwe nemumwe. . Kana kuti pamwe kwaive kuvimbika kuhurumende yeUS. LBJ payakaramba kufumura kuparadza kwaNixon kwehurukuro dzerunyararo dzeParis, kwaisava kuvimbika kuna Nixon, asi kusangano rose. Uye izvo, sezvakataurwa naCraig McNamara, zvinogona kupedzisira kuve kuvimbika kune yako wega basa tarisiro. Robert McNamara akaitirwa mabasa ane mukurumbira anobhadhara zvichitevera kuita kwake kwakashata asi achiteerera kuPentagon (kusanganisira kumhanya kuWorld Bank kwaakatsigira kupidigura hurumende muChile).

(Rimwe firimu rakanzi The Post hazvibudi mubhuku iri. Kana munyori achifunga kuti zvakanga zvisina kunaka kuna baba vake, ndinofunga aifanira kunge akadaro.)

Craig anoti “[ini] mune dzimwe nyika dzisiri Humambo hweAmerica, vakakundwa muhondo vanourayiwa kana kudzingwa kana kusungwa. Hazvina kudaro kuna Robert McNamara. " Uye tenda kunaka. Iwe unofanirwa kuuraya wese mukuru wepamusoro mumakumi emakore. Asi pfungwa iyi yekukundwa muhondo inoratidza kuti hondo inogona kukundwa. Nongedzero yaCraig kune imwe nzvimbo ku“hondo yakaipa” inoratidza kuti panogona kuva neyakanaka. Ndinoshamisika kana kunzwisisa kuri nani kwehuipi hwehondo dzese kungabatsira Craig McNamara kunzwisisa hupombwe hwababa vake sekugamuchira basa raakagamuchira - chimwe chinhu icho nzanga yeUS yakanga isina kumbogadzirira baba vake kuti vanzwisise.

Craig akaturika mureza weAmerica mukamuri make, akataura nevaratidziri vehondo kuti baba vake vaisabuda panze kuzosangana navo, uye akaedza kakawanda kubvunza baba vake nezvehondo. Anofanira kunge achishamisika kuti chii chimwe chaaifanira kunge akaita. Asi pane zvimwe zvataifanira kunge tagara takaita tese, uye pakupedzisira, isu tinofanirwa kumira kurasa pfuma muzvombo uye kudzidzisa vanhu nepfungwa yekuti hondo inogona kururamiswa - zvikasadaro hazvinei nekuti vanonamatira ani muPentagon - chivako chakange chakarongerwa kushandurwa kuti chishandiswe zvakabudirira zvichitevera WWII, asi chakaramba chakazvipira kumhirizhonga yakakura kusvika nhasi.