NaGeorge Lakey, Chikunguru 28, 2017, Kuring Nonviolence.
Manyoro ekufambisa anogona kubatsira. Marty Oppenheimer neni takaona izvozvo muna 1964 apo vatungamiriri vekodzero dzevanhu vakanga vakanyanyobatikana zvokusagona kunyora bhuku rekushandisa asi vachida rimwe. Isu takanyora "Bhuku reChiito Chakananga" munguva chaiyo yeMississippi Rusununguko Zhizha. Bayard Rustin akanyora kumberi. Vamwe varongi vekuMaodzanyemba vakandiudza vachiseka kuti raive "bhuku ravo rerubatsiro rwekutanga - zvekuita kusvika Dr. King vauya." Yakatorwawo neboka rinokura rekurwisa Hondo yeVietnam.
Kwegore rapfuura ndanga ndichishanyira maguta nemataundi anopfuura 60 muUnited States uye ndanga ndichibvunzwa kakawanda kuti ndiwane bhuku rekuita rakananga rinogadzirisa matambudziko atinosangana nawo iye zvino. Zvikumbiro zvinobva kuvanhu vane hanya nezvenyaya dzakasiyana siyana. Nepo mamiriro ega ega ari mune dzimwe nzira akasiyana, varongi mumafambiro akawanda vanosangana nematambudziko akafanana muhurongwa nekuita.
Zvinotevera ibhuku rakasiyana neriya ratakabudisa makore anopfuura 50 apfuura. Bva, masangano aishanda muumambo hwakasimba hwaishandiswa kukunda hondo dzahwo. Hurumende yakanga yakagadzikana uye yakanga ine kodzero huru mumaziso eruzhinji.
A Manual for Direct Action.
Kubva mudura reThe
King Center.
Vazhinji varongi vakasarudza kusapindura mibvunzo yakadzama yekukonana kwekirasi uye basa remapato makuru mukuita kuda kwe1 muzana. Kusaruramisira kworudzi nezvemari uye kunyange hondo zvaigona kuratidzirwa zvikurukuru sezvinetso zvinofanira kugadziriswa nehurumende yakanga ichidisa kupedza zvinetso.
zvino, umambo hweU.S. huri kupera uye kutendeseka kwezvivakwa zvekutonga kuri kuparara. Kusaenzana kwehupfumi kuri kukwira uye mapato makuru ese ari maviri anobatwa mushanduro dzawo dzenharaunda-yakakura polarization.
Vanoronga vanoda mafambiro ekuvaka-maitiro asingazeye izvo zvakasimudzira vazhinji vevatsigiri vevaviri Bernie Sanders naDonald Trump: kudiwa kwekuchinja kukuru kwete kwekuwedzera. Nekune rimwe divi, mafambiro anozodawo vazhinji vachiri kutarisira kupokana netariro yekuti mabhuku echikoro chepakati akarurama: Nzira yeAmerica yekuchinja ndeyekufamba kwekuchinja kushoma.
Vatendi vemazuva ano mukugadzirisa zvishoma vanogona kunge vari mangwana cheerleaders yekuchinja kukuru kana tikagadzira hukama navo apo humambo hunoramba huchiwedzera uye kuvimbika kwevematongerwo enyika kunoderera. Zvese izvi zvinoreva kuti kuvaka bato rinotsvaga kumanikidza shanduko kunoda kutamba kune fancier pane "kare muzuva."
Chinhu chimwe chakareruka izvozvi: kugadzira kuratidzira kwakawanda nekukurumidza, sezvakaitwa neWomen's March inoyemurika zuva rakatevera kugadzwa kwaTrump. Kana kuratidzira kumwe chete kuchigona kuunza shanduko huru munzanga taingotarisa pane izvozvo, asi ini ndinoziva hapana nyika yakaita shanduko huru (kusanganisira yedu) kuburikidza nekuratidzira kamwe chete. Kukwikwidzana nevapikisi kuti ukunde zvinodiwa zvikuru kunoda simba rekugara rakawanda pane kupihwa nekuratidzira. Kuratidzira kumwe chete hakuunze zano, ingori nzira yekudzokorora.
Neraki, isu tinogona kudzidza chimwe chinhu nezve zano kubva kuUS. Chakashanda kwavari mukutarisana nemauto akawanda akawandisa yaive imwe nzira inozivikanwa seyekuwedzera isina mhirizhonga yakananga mushandirapamwe. Vamwe vanogona kudaidza nzira iyi sechimiro chehunyanzvi panzvimbo, nekuti kushambadzira kunoshanda kunopfuura mechanic.
Kubva 1955-65 makore gumi takadzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti mishandirapamwe ine simba inovaka sei mafambiro ane simba anotungamira kune shanduko huru. Zvimwe zvezvidzidzo zvacho zviri pano.
Doma nguva ino yezvematongerwo enyika. Bvuma kuti United States haisati yaona iyi mwero yezvematongerwo enyika muhafu yezana ramakore. Polarization inozunungusa zvinhu. Kuzunungusa kunoreva mukana wakawedzerwa wekuchinja kwakanaka, sezvakaratidzwa muzviitiko zvakawanda zvenhoroondo. Kutanga danho uchityaira polarization kunotungamira kune akawanda hurongwa uye kukanganisa kwesangano, nekuti kutya kunofuratira mukana wakapihwa nepolarization. Imwe nzira yekugadzirisa kutya kwakadaro ndeyekukurudzira avo vauri kutaura navo kuti vaone danho rako muhurongwa hwakakura hwehurongwa. Ndizvo zvakaitwa nevaSweden neveNorway zana remakore rapfuura, pavakasarudza kusiya hupfumi hwaive huchivatadzisa kufarira imwe iyo yakamira seimwe yemhando dzakabudirira kwazvo dzekuunza kuenzana. Ndeupi rudzi rwehurongwa hwehurongwa hungatevedzerwa nemaAmerican? Heuno muenzaniso mumwe.
Tsanangura nevako-vanotanga chaizvo kuti sei wakasarudza kuvaka yakananga chiito mushandirapamwe. Kunyange veteran activists vangasaona musiyano pakati pekuratidzira nedanidziro; hapana zvikoro kana vezvenhau vanonetsa kujekesera vanhu vekuAmerica nezvehunyanzvi hwekuita mushandirapamwe. Ichi chinyorwa inotsanangura zvakanakira mishandirapamwe.
Unganidza nhengo dzinokosha dzeboka rako rekushambadzira. Vanhu vaunounganidza pamwe chete kuti utange danidziro yako zvinopesvedzera zvakanyanya mukana wako wekubudirira. Kungoisa runhare uye kufunga kuti ani nani anozviratidza ndiye musanganiswa wekuhwina ndiyo nzira yekuodzwa mwoyo. Zvakanaka kuita kufona kwakajairika, asi pamberi penguva ita shuwa kuti une zvinongedzo zveboka rakasimba riri kumirira basa racho. Ichi chinyorwa inotsanangura maitirwo azvo.
Vamwe vanhu vangangoda kujoinha nekuda kwehushamwari hwagara huripo, asi kuita mushandirapamwe wakananga hakusi iko kwakanakisa mupiro wavo kune chikonzero. Kugadzirisa izvo uye kudzivirira kuodzwa mwoyo gare gare, zvinobatsira kudzidza Bill Moyer's "Matanho mana eSocial Activism." Heano mamwe ekuwedzera mazano aunogona kushandisa pakutanga uye gare gare, naizvo.
Ziva kudiwa kwechiono chakakura. Pane gakava pamusoro pekuti zvakakosha sei "kumberi-kutakura" chiono, kutanga nehurongwa hwedzidzo hunowana kubatana. Ndakaona mapoka achizvikanganisa nekuita mapoka ekudzidza, tichikanganwa kuti isu "tinodzidza nekuita." Saka, zvichienderana neboka, zvingave zvine musoro kukurukura chiono mumwe-ne-mumwe uye nenzira dzakaderera.
Funga nezvevanhu vauri kusvika kwavari uye zvavanoda nekukurumidza: kutanga danidziro yavo uye kufambira mberi, kusangana nenhaurirano dzezvematongerwo enyika vari munzira ivo vachirwisa kupererwa kwavo nekuita, kana kuita basa rekudzidzisa pamberi pechiito chekutanga. Chero nzira, a nyowani uye yakakosha sosi yebasa rechiratidzo ndiyo "Vision yeBlack Lives," chigadzirwa cheMovement for Black Lives.
Sarudza nyaya yako. Nyaya yacho inoda kuva iyo vanhu vane hanya nayo zvakanyanya uye ine chimwe chinhu pamusoro payo chaunogona kukunda pachiri. Kukunda zvinhu mumamiriro ezvinhu azvino nekuti vanhu vazhinji vanonzwa vasina tariro uye vasina zvavanogona kuita mazuva ano. Iko kusanzwisisana kwepfungwa kunodzikamisa kugona kwedu kuita mutsauko. Vanhu vazhinji nekudaro vanoda kuhwina kuti vave nekuzvivimba uye vakwanise kuwana zvizere simba ravo.
Zvichiitika kare, mafambiro akabvisa shanduko huru-chikamu kazhinji atanga nemishandirapamwe ine zvimwe zvibodzwa zvenguva pfupi, sevadzidzi vatema vanoda kapu yekofi.
Ongororo yangu yesangano rerunyararo reU.S. inotyisa, asi inopa chidzidzo chakakosha nezve masarudziro enyaya. Vanhu vazhinji vane hanya zvikuru nerunyararo - kutambura kunowedzera kunoenderana nehondo kwakakura, tisingataure nezvekushandiswa kwechiuto mutero vanoshanda- uye vanhu vepakati-kati kuti vabatsire varidzi vemauto-maindasitiri. Ruzhinji rwevanhu vekuAmerica, mushure mekunge hype yekutanga yafa, kazhinji vanopikisa chero hondo iri kurwiwa neUnited States, asi bato rerunyararo hariwanzoziva mashandisiro echokwadi ichocho kuunganidza.
Saka sei kuunganidza vanhu kuvaka sangano? Larry Scott akabudirira kutarisana nemubvunzo iwoyo muma1950 apo nhangemutange yezvombo zvenyukireya yakanga isisadzoreki. Dzimwe dzeshamwari dzake dzinorwira runyararo dzaida kuita mushandirapamwe kurwisa zvombo zvenyukireya, asi Scott aiziva kuti mushandirapamwe wakadaro waisazorasikirwa chete asiwo, nekufamba kwenguva, waizoodza moyo vamiriri verunyararo. Naizvozvo akatanga chirongwa chekurwisa kuyedza nyukireya yemuchadenga, iyo, yakasimbiswa nechisimba chakananga chiito, yakawana tsigiro yakakwana yekumanikidza Mutungamiri Kennedy kutafura yekutaurirana neSoviet Premier Khrushchev.
Mushandirapamwe akakunda zvaidiwa, kuchikurudzira kuita chiito chizvarwa chitsva chose chevarwi uye kuisa nhangemutange yezvombo pachirongwa chikuru chevoruzhinji. Vamwe varongi verunyararo vakadzokera kunobata izvo zvisingakundike, uye bato rerunyararo rakaenda kuderera. Neraki, vamwe varongi "vakawana" chidzidzo chezano chekukunda chibvumirano chekuyedza nyukireya uye vakakunda kukunda kune zvimwe zvinokunda.
Dzimwe nguva zvinobhadhara gadzirisa nyaya sekudzivirira kwekukosha kwakagovaniswa zvakanyanya, semvura yakachena (sezvakaitika kuStanding Rock), asi zvakakosha kuyeuka huchenjeri hwevanhu kuti "yakanakisa kudzivirira imhosva." Kufamba neboka rako kuburikidza nekuoma kwechimiro chakasiyana nehurongwa hwako, Verenga chinyorwa ichi.
Tarisa kaviri kuti uone kana nyaya iyi ichinyatsoshanda. Dzimwe nguva vane masimba vanoedza kumisa mishandirapamwe vasati vatanga nekutaura kuti chimwe chinhu "chakaitwa dhiri" - apo chibvumirano chinogona kudzoserwa kumashure. In ino uchawana zvose zviri zviviri semuenzaniso wemunharaunda uye wenyika apo zvakataurwa nevaridzi vemasimba zvakanga zvisiri izvo, uye varatidziri vakawana kukunda.
Pamwe pacho ungafunga kuti ungahwina asi zviri nyore kuti ukundwe. Unogona kunge uchiri kuda kutanga mushandirapamwe nekuda kwehukuru hwehurongwa. Muenzaniso weizvi unogona kuwanikwa mukati kurwisana nemagetsi enyukireya muUnited States. Kunyange hazvo mishandirapamwe yenzvimbo yakati wandei yakatadza kudzivirira reactor yavo kuti ivakwe, mimwe mishandirapamwe yakakwana yakakunda, zvichigonesa kufamba, pamwe chete, kumanikidza kumisa simba renyukireya. Chinangwa cheindasitiri yenyukireya chechuru chezvirimwa zvenyukireya chakakanganiswa, nekuda kwekufamba kwepasi.
Nyatsoongorora chinangwa chacho. Iyo "chinangwa" ndiye anosarudza kuti ndiani anogona kuzadzisa zvaunoda, semuenzaniso mukuru webhangi uye bhodhi komiti inosarudza kana kumisa mari yepombi. Ndiani anozo decider kana zvasvika pakupfura mapurisa asina pfuti asina pfuti pasina mhosva? Chii chichafanirwa kuitwa nevafambisi vako kuti vawane shanduko? Kuti upindure mibvunzo iyi zvinobatsira kunzwisisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekubudirira: kutendeuka, kumanikidza, pekugara uye kuparara. Unodawo kuziva kuti mapoka madiki anogona sei kuva akakura kupfuura huwandu hwezvikamu zvawo.
Tevera vakoki vanobatana, vanopikisa uye "vasina kwavakarerekera." Heino chishandiso chekutora chikamu - chinonzi "Spectrum of Allies" - iyo boka rako rinokura rinogona kushandisa mukati memwedzi mitanhatu. Kuziva kuti vanobatana navo, vanopikisa uye vasina kwavakarerekera vanomira papi zvinokubatsira kusarudza matekiniki anokwezva zvakasiyana-siyana zvinofarirwa, zvinodiwa uye tsika dzemapoka aunoda kuti uende kudivi rako.
Sezvo mushandirapamwe wako uchiita nhevedzano yezviito, ita sarudzo dzehungwaru dzinokuendesa mberi. Nhaurirano dzemazano dzamunadzo muboka renyu dzinogona kubatsirwa nekuunza munhu wekunze ane hushamwari ane hunyanzvi hwekufambisa, uye kuisa boka renyu kumienzaniso chaiyo yezvingapindurwa mune mamwe mishandirapamwe. Mark naPaul Engler vanopa mienzaniso yakadaro mubhuku ravo "Uku Ndiko Kumukira," iyo inotungamira nzira nyowani yekuronga inonzi "kukurumidza." Muchidimbu, vanokurudzira hunyanzvi hunoita zvakanakisa tsika mbiri huru - kuratidzira kukuru uye nharaunda / kuronga kwevashandi.
Sezvo kusaita mhirizhonga dzimwe nguva kuchishandiswa setsika kana kudzivirira kukakavara, isu hatifanire kuvhurika kune "kusiyana kwemaitiro?" Mubvunzo uyu unoramba uchikakavadzana mune mamwe mapoka eAmerica. Imwe pfungwa ndeye kana uchitenda kuti mushandirapamwe wako unoda kusanganisira nhamba huru. Kuti uwane ongororo yakadzama yemubvunzo uyu, verenga chinyorwa ichi kuenzanisa sarudzo mbiri dzakasiyana pakuparadzwa kwepfuma yakaitwa nesangano rimwechete munyika mbiri dzakasiyana.
Ko kana ukarwiswa? Ini ndinotarisira kuti polarization ichawedzera kuUnited States, saka kunyangwe kurwiswa kwechisimba paboka rako kungasaite, kugadzirira kunogona kubatsira. Ichi chinyorwa chinopa zvinhu zvishanu zvaunogona kuita nezvemhirizhonga. Vamwe maAmerican vanonetsekana nemaitiro akakura akananga kuFascism - kunyangwe hudzvanyiriri padanho renyika. Ichi chinyorwa, zvichibva pakutsvakurudza kwezvakaitika kare, inopindura kunetseka ikoko.
Kudzidziswa uye kusimudzira hutungamiriri kunogona kuita kuti mushandirapamwe wako unyatsoshanda. Pamusoro pekudzidziswa kupfupi kunobatsira mukugadzirira chimwe nechimwe chezviito zvemushandirapamwe wako, kupa simba kunoitika nenzira idzi. Uye nekuti vanhu vanodzidza nekuita, nzira inozivikanwa sezvikwata zvepakati inogona kubatsira nekusimudzira hutungamiri. Kuita sarudzo kweboka rako zvakare kunove nyore kana nhengo dzako dzakadzidza maitiro e kubatana uye kusiyanisa.
Tsika yako yesangano ine basa pakubudirira kwako kwenguva pfupi uye nezvinangwa zvakakura zvesangano. Kubata chinzvimbo uye ropafadzo zvinogona kukanganisa kubatana. Ichi chinyorwa chinosiya-mwe-saizi-inokodzera-yese mitemo yekurwisa udzvanyiriri, uye inopa mazano akajeka kune maitiro anoshanda.
Humbowo huri kuunganidzawo kuti nyanzvi dzepakati-kati dzinoratidzira dzinowanzounza mikwende kumapoka avo inosiiwa nani pamusuwo. Funga nezve "dzidzo yakananga” kudzidziswa izvo kusawirirana-kushamwaridzana.
Mufananidzo mukuru ucharamba uchikurudzira mikana yako yekubudirira. Nzira mbiri dzaungagone kuvandudza nadzo iwo mikana ndeyekuita yako danidziro kana kufamba kunyanya kurwa uye nekugadzira zvakakura synergy yemuno-yenyika.
Zvimwe zvinyorwa
Bhuku rekuita raDaniel Hunter "Kuvaka Movement yekupedza iyo Nyowani Jim Crow” ibhuku rakanaka rekushandisa mazano. Ishamwari yebhuku raMichelle Alexander "The New Jim Crow."
The Global Nonviolent Action Database inosanganisira zvinopfuura chiuru nemazana mana ezvirongwa zvechiito zvakatorwa kubva kunyika dzinoda kusvika mazana maviri, zvichibata nyaya dzakasiyana siyana. Nekushandisa iyo "advanced search" basa unogona kuwana mamwe macampaign akarwa nenyaya yakafanana kana akatarisana nemupikisi akafanana, kana mishandirapamwe yakashandisa nzira dzekuita dzauri kufunga, kana mishandirapamwe yakakunda kana kukundwa uchibata nevapikisi vakafanana. Mhosva yega yega inosanganisira rondedzero inoratidza kupera uye kuyerera kwemakakatanwa, pamwe nemapoinzi edata aunoda kutarisa.
