Nzira yekuita rugare sei? Chibvumirano chenhoroondo yeColombia chine zvidzidzo kuSyria

NeSibylla Brodzinsky, The Guardian

Hondo dziri nyore kutanga pane kumisa. Saka Ko Colombia yakazviita sei - uye nyika inogona kudzidzei kubva pakubudirira ikoko?

Zviri nyore chaizvo kutanga hondo pane kumisa mumwe, kunyanya apo nharo yakagara kwenguva yakareba kupfuura vanhu vakawanda vave vachiri vapenyu, vachiita kuti rugare ruve netariro isingazivikanwi.

Asi vaColombia vakaratidza nyika ino vhiki ino kuti inogona kuitwa. Mushure memazana emakore e52 emhirizhonga, hurumende yeColombia nevashori vevapanduki veRevolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, kana Farc, kupedzisa basa rokugumisa hondo yavo. Kupera kwemazuva maviri kunotanga kushanda musi weMuvhuro mushure memazana makumi emakore umo 220,000 vanhu - vazhinji vasiri varwi - vakaurayiwa, vanopfuura mamiriyoni e6 vakapinda mumba uye makumi ezviuru akaparara.

Pakaedza kuedza kusvika pano, kwakakundikana nguva nenguva. Saka vakasvika sei iko nguva ino uye zvidzidzo zvipi zvayo Siriya uye mamwe marudzi ari kurwisana?

Ita rugare newe waunokwanisa kana iwe uchigona

Mutungamiri wekare César Gaviria munguva pfupi yapfuura akayeuka kuti mwana wake akambomubvunza kuti rugare ruchazobudirira sei muColombia. "Muzvimedu uye zvidimbu," akamuudza kudaro. Kuita runyararo pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kwakafanana nhatu-dimensional chess - chokwadi chisingarasikirwi kune avo vanoedza kuunza rugare kuSiria. Kuderedza kuoma kunzwisisa kunokosha, i Korombiya chiitiko chinoratidza.

Colombia inenge ichinyanya kuita ichi cheecemeal kwemakore anopfuura 30. Farc ndiyo imwe yemapoka akawanda asingabvumirwi nemauto akambovapo muColombia. I-M-19, Quintín Lame, EPL - vose vakataurirana nezvekuita kwehukama. IAUC, mutungamiri wekodzero dzemapurisa ehurumende-iyo yakarwisana neFarc semutongi wehondo-iyo isina simba-yakagadziriswa mukutanga kwe2000s.

Inobatsira kana rumwe rutivi rune simba

Mune 1990s, kufambisa nemari inobva kuInternet yekutengesa zvinodhaka zvemishonga, Farc yaive nehondo yeColombia pamba. Vapanduki, avo vakaverenga nezve 18,000, vaiita sevanokunda hondo. Zvakanga zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuti Farc nehurumende yemutungamiri wenyika iyo, Andrés Pastrana, vakatanga hurukuro dzorugare mu1999 iyo yakakwevedzwa pasina kupfuurira kunokosha uye pakupedzisira yakaputsa mu 2002.

Panguva iyoyo, kunyange zvakadaro, mauto eColombia akanga ava mumwe wevakagamuchirwa zvikuru vehurumende yeUnited States. Akashongedzwa ne helicopter itsva, masoja akadzidziswa uye nzira itsva dzekuunganidza huchenjeri, vakakwanisa kugadzirisa chikamu.

Pakazosvika pakati pe2000s, pasi pehondo inotyisa yakarongedzwa naiye purezidhendi iyo, Álvaro Uribe, ndivo vapanduki vakanga vari mumhanyi, vakarova kumasango makuru uye makomo, nezviuru zvemajeri avo vachiramba. Kwekutanga nguva dzose muhondo, mauto akabatwa uye vakauraya vakuru veFarc.

Nechiratidzo ichi, chiitiko cheColombia chinoratidzira zvehondo yeBosnia, muhupenyu hunouraya kwemakore matatu kusvikira Nato apindira mu1995 akaendesa masimba eSerbia uye akaita kuti vafarire kuchengetedza rugare.

Utungamiri chinhu chinokosha

Mukurwisana kwehondo yakafanana neColombia, zvingangodaro kutora kuchinja kwenyika kumusoro kuti uwane vatungamiriri vakazvipira kutsvaga mhinduro yekukurukurirana.

Farc founder Manuel "Sureshot" Marulanda akafa norugare murugare mumusasa wevapanduki mu2008 ane makore 78. Akanga atungamirira boka revapanduki semutungamiri wepamusoro kubva pakatangwa kweboka mu1964, kutevera kambani yehondo yevarwi kune imwe nyika yekambani. Makumi emakore gare gare akangoramba achin'un'una pamusoro pehoku uye nguruve mauto akauraya. Akacheka chisingaiti kuti ave norugare.

Rufu rwake rwakaunza hupenyu hutsva hweFarc musimba, sezvo Alfonso Cano akatora. Yaiva Cano uyo akatanga nhaurirano yokutanga yakavanzika nemutungamiri, Juan Manuel Santos, mu2011. Mushure mokunge aurayiwa mubhomba rakarova pamusasa wake mushure megore iroro, hutungamiri hutsva pasi paRodrigo Londoño, aka Timochenko, akasarudza kuramba achiongorora kuvepo kwekuita runyararo.

Pachigaro chehurumende, Santos akasarudzwa muC2010 kuti abudirire Uribe, pasi pehutungamiri hwavo hwemazuva maviri Farc yakatambura kurasikirwa kwavo kwakanyanya. Sezvo mushumiri wekuchengetedza waUribe, Santos ainge atarisa mazhinji emabasa iwayo uye akanga akatarisirwa kuramba achiita mitemo imwechete. Pane kudaro, achiziva mukana wokupedza zvaakanga atanga, akakurudzira Farc kuti atange hurukuro dzorugare.

Kukurudzira

Vose Farc uye hurumende vakaziva kuti rumwe rutivi rwakanga rusina uye rwakanga rusina kukundwa. Izvozvo zvaireva mativi maviri ose aifanira kuita zvinyengeri patafura yekukurukurirana. Kuedza kusimbisa kuti kurega rumwe rutivi rwakanga rwuchida kuenda kune rumwe rutivi rwuri kuchengetedza vatauri vezvematongerwo emakore kwemakore mana akaoma.

VaFarcist Farc vakasiya zvavanoda kuti vaone nezvekugadzirisa maitiro ehurumende uye vakabvumirana kusunungura zvisungo zvose kunekutengesa zvinodhaka, bhizinesi rakanga ravaita mazana emamiriyoni emadhora.

Hurumende, mukutsinhanisa, yakapa Farc kuwana simba rezvematongerwe enyika, nekuvimbisa kuti vachabata zvigaro zve 10 muCongress in 2018, kunyange kana bato rezvematongerwe enyika ravanozoita harina kuwana mavhoti akakwana mumasarudzo emutemo gore iroro.

Uye vatungamiri veFarc, kunyange avo vakatora kupamba, kusarura kusarura vanhu uye kushandiswa kwemhirizhonga kwevana vaduku, vanogona kuchengetedza nguva yekutonga nekureurura zvitadzo zvavo uye kushumira "mamwe mitsara" sekushandiswa kwevanhu kwenguva refu.

Nguva

Kurwisana kwakagadzikana kwakawira mukusawirirana muLatin America, kamwe paya hovha yehutsinye. Makumi gumi apfuura, vatungamiri vekunze vakange vari musimba munyika yose. MuBrazil naUruguay, avo vaimbova varindi vehurumende vakanga vava vatungamiri kuburikidza nebhokisi rekuvhota. Hugo Chávez, uyo akatanga hutano hwake hukama hwevanhu "Bolivarian revolution", Akanga achizvibatanidza muVenezuela. Izvo zvinyorwa zvepamatunhu zvakapa Farc chivimbo.

Asi matunhu ematunhu akachinja kubvira ipapo. Brazil's Dilma Rouseff inotarisana nemhosva, Chávez akakundwa nekenza makore matatu akapfuura uye mutsivi wake,Nicolás Maduro, akadzinga nyika muvhu. Iyi ndiyo nguva dzakaoma zvose kune yeboshwe uye yevashanduki.

mudhu

Makambani haaimire. Kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kunotungamirira kumagetsi ekudarika pane iyo yakarongeka yakaita seisingakoshi. Kurwisana kwakaonekwa kwakakosha makore 30 akapfuura hakuna kumboita pfungwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kuColombia.