NaAlan Knight, Kurume 15, 2019
Kubva pa1899 kuenda ku1902, Ellen La Motte akadzidziswa semukoti kuJohns Hopkins muBaltimore. Kubva pa1914 kusvika pa1916, akatarisira varwi vakuvara uye vafa vekuFrance, kutanga muchipatara muParis uyezve muchipatara chemumunda 10 makiromita kubva kuYpres nemagazi erudzi rwemberi rweWWI. Mu 1916 iye akaburitsa The Backwash of War, gumi nematatu ematehwe ehupenyu pakati pevakakuvadzwa uye kufa izvo ndokukwevera munhu wekudzvinyirira akabvisirwa hutsinye nehondo yakashata yehondo.
Mandarins ehondo akange asina kana icho. Muchina wacho waida kuti tsika dzive dzakachengetedzwa uye kuti dzidzokorerwe kumusoro. Uye saka bhuku rakarambidzwa pakarepo muFrance neEngland. Uye zvakare mu1918, mushure mekunge US yapinda muhondo. Bakkwash yakarambidzwawo muUnited States, munhu akaurayiwa we1917 Espionage Act, yakagadzirwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinangwa, kurambidza kukanganisa kupinda muchiuto.
Yakanga isipo kusvikira 1919, pagore mushure mekupera kwehondo kupedza hondo dzese, iro bhuku rakabudiswazve uye riwanikwe pachena. Asi yakawana vateereri vadiki. Nguva yake yakanga yapfuura. Nyika yaive nerunyararo. Hondo yakakundwa. Yakanga iri nguva yekufunga ramangwana kwete kuti tanga tasvika sei parizvino.
Cynthia Wachtell's ichangobva kudhindwa uye kubudiswa edition ya The Backwash of War, Kuuya sezvazvinoita 100 makore mushure meiyo 1919 edition, chiyeuchidzo chakagamuchirwa, munguva ino yehondo isingagumi, kuti tinofanirwa kufunga nezve kuti tasvika sei parizvino, uye nezvechokwadi chatinovanza uye nekusaita hanya kana tapukuta tepi uye nekukurumidza kumberi kune ramangwana.
Iri shanduro nyowani inowedzera sumo inoshanda uye pfupi biography kune yekutanga 13 sketches, pamwe ne3 zvinyorwa zvehondo zvakanyorwa panguva imwecheteyo uyezvezve sketch yakanyorwa gare gare. Kuwedzera iyi mamiriro ekuwedzera kunowedzera chiyero chekuonga kwedu La Motte, kubva pakukudza girazi rekuona kwakadururwa guts uye akagurwa masutu mukati menguva yehondo, kune hutachiona hunopararira hwechizvarwa chakarasika chakatevera icho.
Ellen La Motte aive anodarika kwete mukoti akasangana neHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Mushure mekudzidziswa kuJohns Hopkins, akave gurukota rezvehutano neruzhinji uye akasimuka kusvika padanho reDirector weTuberculosis Division reBaltimore Health department. Iye aive akakurumbira anozvikonzera uyo akange abatsira mukufambiswa kwese muUS ne UK. Uye aive mutori wenhau nemunyori anga anyora zvinyorwa zvakawanda paukoti pamwe nebhuku roukoti.
Mumakore ekutanga ezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri iye zvakare aigara uye akashanda muItaly, France neUK. MuFrance anga ave shamwari yepedyo yemunyori wekuyedza Gertrude Stein. Stein akaendawo kuJohns Hopkins (1897 - 1901), kunyangwe sechiremba (akarara asati atora degree rake), kwete mukoti. Wachtell anonongedzera kukurudzira kwaStein pakunyora kwaLa Motte. Uye kunyangwe ivo vanyori vakasiyana, zvinokwanisika kuona pesvedzero yaStein muLa Motte's yakasarudzika, isina kuvanzika uye haina yezwigetic inzwi mukati Dzokera, uyewo mune yake yakatwasuka uye yakasarudzika maitiro.
Mumwe munyori akakurudzirwa naStein panguva imwe chete aive Ernest Hemingway, iye, asati apinda muhondo kuhondo, akapedza nguva kumberi kweItaly semutyairi amburenzi yekuzvipira. Iyewo akanyora nezvehondo uye neyekupedzisira kwayo mune yakatwasuka maitiro. Uye mune yake 1926 novel Zuva Rinowedzerawo, anovhara denderedzwa paanoshandisa iyo epigraph "imi mose muri chizvarwa chakarasika," mutsara waakafunga kuna Gertrude Stein.
Chizvarwa chakarasika ndicho chizvarwa chakakura uye chakararama kuburikidza nehondo. Vakanga vaona rufu rusina mutsindo pamwero mukuru. Vaive vakavhiringidzika, vavhiringidzika, vachidzungaira, uye vasina chekuita. Vakanga varasikirwa nekutenda mutsika dzechivanhu senge kushinga uye nyika. Ivo vakaodzwa mwoyo, vasina chinangwa, uye vakatarisana nehupfumi hwekunyama - chizvarwa cheFitzgerald's Gatsby.
La Motte's The Backwash of War inoratidza kupi uye sei Mbeu dzekusafararira dzakadyarwa. Sekutaura kwaWachtell, La Motte haana kutenda kuti WWI yaive hondo yekupedza hondo dzese. Iye akaziva kuti kuchave neimwe hondo uye kumwe kurwa. Chizvarwa chakarasika chaizobereka chimwe chizvarwa chakarasika, uye chimwezve.
Ainge asina kutadza. Aya ndiwo mamiriro atiri izvozvi, kutenderera kwehondo isingagumi. Kuverenga La Motte kunoita kuti ndifunge kwemakore gumi nemanomwe apfuura. Anondiita kuti ndifunge nezvaMajor Danny Sjursen, iye achangobva pamudyandigere Mauto eU.S. uye aimbova murayiridzi wenhoroondo kuWest Point, akashandira nzendo dzekutora nzvimbo muIraq neAfghanistan. Iye chikamu chechizvarwa chazvino chakarasika. Iye ndiye mumwe wevashoma vari kuyedza kutenderera kutenderera. Asi hazvisi nyore.
Danny Sjursen akadzoka kubva kuhondo dzake aine post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Akadzoka, sezvaanorondedzera nezvazvo chinyorwa chapfuura muChokwadidig, "Munharaunda yaive [isina] kugadzirira isu kupfuura isu [vedu]." Anoenderera mberi achiti:
"Vemauto vanotora vana ava, vanodzidzisa vana kwemwedzi mishoma, vovaendesa kuhondo isingazundwe. . . . [T] hey dzimwe nguva ndinourawa kana kugeza nhengo, asi kazhinji kazhinji kwete kutambura nePTSD uye kukuvara mutsika kubva pane izvo zvavakaona nekuita. Vanobva vaenda kumba kwavo, voburitswa musango remamwe madhorobha ehusungwa. "
Chizvarwa chiripo uye chinotevera chakarasika haazive mashandiro murunyararo. Vakadzidziswa zvehondo. Kugadzirisa kusangana, "vet anotanga kuzvirapa pachako;" doro rinonyanya kuitika, asi opiates, uye pakupedzisira kunyange heroin, zvakare rakakurumbira ”Sjursen anoenderera mberi. Sjursen paakange achirapwa PTSD, 25 muzana yevaiverengerwa kurapwa pamwe naye akaedza kana kufunga zvakanyanya kuzviuraya. Makumi maviri nemaviri vetera pazuva vanozviuraya.
Pakanyorwa naEllen La Motte Dzokera muna 1916, akafungidzira kuti paizove nemamwe makore zana ehondo uyezve nerunyararo rurefu. Makore zana emakore apfuura. Hondo ichiripo nesu. Sekureva kweVeterans Administration, pari zvino pane mamirioni makumi maviri emhare dzemauto eAmerica vachiri vapenyu, vangangoita mamirioni mana avo vakaremara. Uye nepo vakakuvadzwa uye vakaremara varwi vehondo Ellen La Motte vakapupurira vangangodaro vasisipo nesu, sekunyora kwaDanny Sjursen, "kunyangwe hondo dzikapera mangwana (havangadaro, nenzira), nzanga yeAmerica ine imwe hafu- zana ramakore pamberi payo, kuremerwa nemutoro weava vasina basa vakaremara veterans. Hazvinzvengeki. ”
Uyu mutoro wekusingaperi makara akarasika uchave unesu kwenguva yakareba. Kana isu tichizopedza kurwa tinofanirwa kutsvaga nzira dzekuvandudza idzi zvizvarwa zvakarasika. Chokwadi chakataurwa naEllen La Motte, senge nyaya dziri kutaurwa nhasi nenhengo dzeVeterans for Peace, kutanga.
Alan Knight, imwe nguva mudzidzi, yakazvimiririra VP, budiriro yeNyika Dhairekitori uye mukuru muvakidzani musangano wekutsvaga, munyori akazvimirira uye anozvipira pamwe World BEYOND War.
