"Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite" Akasiiwa Kuti Anomanikidzwa Asylum

NaMaya Evans, kunyora kubva kuCalais
@MayaAnneEvans

Mwedzi uno, zviremera zveFrance (zvinotsigirwa uye zvakapihwa mari nehurumende yeUK kusvika pamari inosvika 62 miriyoni) [1] vanga vachiputsa 'Jungle,' nzvimbo ine muchetura kumucheto kweCalais. Yaichimbova nzvimbo yekurasira ivhu, 4 km² yave kugarwa nevapoteri vangangosvika zviuru zvishanu vakasundirwa ikoko mugore rapfuura. Nharaunda inoshamisa yemarudzi gumi neshanu anonamatira kuzvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana anosanganisira Jungle. Vagari vakagadzira network yezvitoro nemaresitorendi izvo, pamwe chete nemahamams uye zvitoro zvekugera zvinopa hupfumi hudiki mukati memusasa. Zvivakwa zvenharaunda zvino zvinosanganisira zvikoro, mamosque, machechi nemakiriniki.

MaAfghans, anosvika chiuru, anoumba boka guru renyika. Pakati peboka iri pane vanhu vanobva kune rimwe nerimwe remadzinza makuru muAfghanistan: Pashtoons, Hazaras, Uzbeks uye Tajiks. The Jungle muenzaniso unoshamisa wekuti vanhu vanobva kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye madzinza vanogona sei kugara pamwechete mukuwirirana, zvisinei nekuomerwa kwekudzvinyirira uye kutyorwa kwekodzero dzepasirese uye rusununguko rwevanhu. Kupokana uye kukakavara dzimwe nguva kunomuka, asi zvinowanzokonzereswa nevakuru veFrance kana vatengesi.

Pakutanga mwedzi uno Teresa May akakunda muhondo yakakosha yekutanga ndege dzinodzinga maAfghan kudzokera kuKabul, nechikonzero chekuti zvakachengeteka kudzokera kuguta guru. [2]

Mwedzi 3 chete yapfuura ndakagara muhofisi yeKabul ye 'Stop Deportation kuAfghanistan.' [3] Chiedza chezuva chakadururwa nepahwindo kunge manyuchi egoridhe pafurati repamusoro, guta reKabul rakafukidzwa neguruva rakaita sepositadhi. Sangano iri iboka rekutsigira rinotungamirirwa naAbdul Ghafoor, muAfghan akaberekerwa kuPakistan uyo akapedza makore mashanu ari kuNorway, ndokuzoendeswa kuAfghanistan, nyika yaakanga asati amboshanyira. Ghafoor akandiudza nezvemusangano waaive achangopinda nemakurukota ehurumende yeAfghan nemaNGOs - akaseka achitsanangura kuti vashandi vasiri veAfghan NGO vasvika sei pakomboni yakashongedzerwa vakapfeka mabhuruku proof nehelmets, uye zvakadaro Kabul yakaonekwa senzvimbo yakachengeteka. nokuda kwevapoteri vari kudzoka. Hunyengeri uye miitiro yakapetwa kaviri ingave jee kana kukwidziridzwa kwacho kwanga kusiri kusarongeka. Kune rumwe rutivi une vashandi vekune dzimwe nyika vari kutakurwa nendege (nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza) [5] neherikoputa mukati meguta reKabul, uye kune rumwe rutivi une hurumende dzakasiyana dzeEurope dzichiti zvakachengeteka kuti zviuru zvevapoteri vadzokere kuKabul.

Muna 2015, United Nations Assistance Mission muAfghanistan yakanyora 11,002 vanhu vakafa (3,545 vakafa uye, 7,457 vakakuvara) kupfuura rekodhi yapfuura mu2014 [5].

Sezvo ndashanyira Kabul kasere mumakore mashanu apfuura, ndanga ndichinyatsoziva kuti kuchengetedzeka mukati meguta kwadzikira zvakanyanya. Semutorwa ini handichatore mafambiro akareba kupfuura maminetsi mashanu, nzendo dzezuva kuenda kune yakanaka Panjshir Valley kana iyo Qarga dziva dzava kunzi dzine njodzi. Shoko mumigwagwa yeKabul nderekuti maTaliban akasimba zvakakwana kuti atore guta asi haagone kunetseka nekunetseka kwekumhanya; Zvichakadaro masero akazvimirira eISIS akagadzira tsoka [8]. Ndinogara ndichinzwa kuti hupenyu hweAfghan nhasi hauna kuchengetedzeka zvishoma kupfuura zvazvaive pasi peTaliban, makore gumi nemana ehondo yeUS/NATO yakange iri njodzi.

Kudzoka kuJungle, kuchamhembe kweFrance, makiromita makumi maviri nemaviri kubva kuzvitsuwa zveBritish, vanenge chiuru cheAfghan vanorota hupenyu hwakachengeteka muBritain. Vamwe vakambogara kuBritain, vamwe vane mhuri kuUK, vazhinji vakashanda nemauto eBritain kana maNGOs. Manzwiro anodzorwa nevatengesi vanorondedzera migwagwa yeBritain seyakagadzirwa nendarama. Vapoteri vakawanda vakaodzwa mwoyo nemabatirwo avakaitwa kuFrance uko vakaitirwa utsinye nemapurisa uye kurwiswa nematsotsi. Nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana vanonzwa mukana wakanakisa wehupenyu hune rugare uri muBritain. Kubviswa nemaune kubva kuUK kunongoita kuti tarisiro yacho iwedzere kudiwa. Chokwadi chokwadi chekuti Britain yakabvuma kutora vapoteri veSyria zviuru makumi maviri chete mumakore mashanu anotevera [21], uye zvachose UK iri kutora vapoteri makumi matanhatu pa1,000 yevagari vemo vakati kupotera muna 20,000, zvichienzaniswa neGermany iri kutora mazana mashanu nemakumi masere nenomwe [5]. 7], yakapinda muchiroto chekuti Britain inyika yemukana wakasarudzika.

Ndakataura nemutungamiri wenharaunda yeAfghan Sohail, uyo akati: “Ndinoda nyika yangu, ndinoda kudzokera kunogara ikoko, asi hakuna kuchengeteka uye hatina mukana wekurarama. Tarisai mabhizinesi ese emuSango, tine matarenda, tinongoda mukana wekuashandisa”. Hurukuro iyi yakaitika muKabul Café, imwe yenzvimbo dzinogara vanhu muJungle, kwangosara zuva rimwe chete nzvimbo isati yapiswa, mugwagwa wese wezasi wezvitoro nemaresitorendi zvakapwanyirwa pasi. Pashure pemoto, ndakataura nemutungamiriri mumwe chete wenzanga weAfghan. Takamira pakati pematongo akaputswa patakanga tanwa tii muKabul cafe. Anonzwa kusuwa zvikuru nekuparadzwa kwacho. "Sei vakuru vakatiisa pano, ngativake hupenyu tobva taparadza?"

Masvondo maviri apfuura chikamu chekumaodzanyemba cheSango chakaputswa: mazana edzimba dzakapiswa kana kupiswa zvichisiya vamwe vapoteri 3,500 vasina kwekuenda [9]. VeFrance vanobvumidza zvino vanoda kuenda kuchamhembe kwemusasa nechinangwa chekudzosera vapoteri vazhinji mukati memabhokisi machena ekuredzesa, mazhinji acho akatoiswa muJungle, uye parizvino anogara vapoteri chiuru nemazana mapfumbamwe. Chigaba chimwe nechimwe chinogara vanhu gumi nevaviri, pane kuvanzika kushoma, uye nguva dzekurara dzinotemerwa ne 'crate mate' ako nemaitiro avo efoni. Zvinotonyanya kutyisa, mupoteri anofanirwa kunyoresa nevakuru veFrance. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudhinda zvigunwe zvako nedigital; kutaura zvazviri, inhanho yekutanga yekumanikidzirwa kuFrench asylum.

Hurumende yeBritain yagara ichishandisa Dublin Regulations [10] sezvikonzero zviri pamutemo zvekusatora chikamu chakaenzana chevapoteri. Mitemo iyi inorayira kuti vapoteri vanofanira kutsvaga hupoteri munyika yekutanga yakachengeteka yavanogara. Zvisinei, mutemo iwoyo hauchashandi. Kana yakaitwa nemazvo, Turkey, Italy neGreece dzaizosiiwa kuti dzigare mamiriyoni evapoteri.

Vapoteri vazhinji vari kukumbira nzvimbo yeku UK yehupoteri mukati meJungle, zvichivapa mukana wekutanga hurongwa hwekupotera muBritain. Chokwadi chemamiriro ezvinhu ndechekuti misasa yevapoteri yakaita seJungle haisi kumisa vanhu kuti vapinde muUK. Kutaura zvazviri, kukanganiswa kwekodzero dzevanhu uku kuri kusimbisa maindasitiri asiri pamutemo uye anokuvadza akaita sekutengesa, chipfambi uye kutengeswa kwezvinodhaka. Misasa yevapoteri yeEurope iri kutamba mumaoko evatengesi vevanhu; mumwe muAfghan akandiudza kuti, chiyero chekuenda kunopinzwa muUK chisiri pamutemo chave kutenderera € 10,000 [11], mutengo wakapetwa kaviri mumwedzi mishoma yapfuura. Kumisa nzvimbo yekupotera muUK kunobvisawo mhirizhonga inowanzoitika pakati pevatyairi vemarori nevapoteri, pamwe netsaona dzinotyisa dzinoitika panguva yekufambisa kuenda kuUK. Zvinogoneka kwazvo kuve nenhamba imwechete yevapoteri vanopinda muUK nenzira dzepamutemo sezvazviri nezviripo nhasi.

Rutivi rwezasi rwemusasa zvino rwamira dongo, rwakatsva pasi kunze kwezvekunatsiridza magariro mashoma. Mhepo ine chando inovhuvhuta nepakati pegwenga rine marara. Zvimedu zvinoputika mumhepo, musanganiswa unosiririsa wemarara uye zvinhu zvakatsva zvemunhu. Mapurisa emhirizhonga ekuFrance akashandisa gasi remisodzi, canon dzemvura nemabara erubha kubatsira kuparadza. Parizvino pane mamiriro ezvinhu asina kumira zvakanaka apo mamwe maNGO uye vanozvipira vari kuzeza kuvaka patsva dzimba nezvivakwa zvinogona kukurumidza kuputswa nevakuru veFrance.

Iyo Jungle inomiririra huchenjeri hunoshamisa hwevanhu uye simba rebhizimusi rinoratidzwa nevapoteri uye vanozvipira vakadurura hupenyu hwavo mukuita nharaunda yekudada nayo; panguva imwe chete iyi chiratidzo chinokatyamadza uye chinonyadzisa chekudzikira kwekodzero dzevanhu vekuEurope uye zvivakwa, uko vanhu vanotiza kuti vaponese vanomanikidzwa kugara mumidziyo yemakrete emunharaunda, chimiro chekuvharirwa kusingagumi. Mashoko asiri epamutemo akaitwa nemumiriri wezviremera zveFrance anoratidza gwara rinogoneka remangwana iro vapoteri vanosarudza kuramba vari kunze kwehurongwa, vachisarudza kusava nepekugara kana kusanyoresa, vanogona kutarisana nekugara mujeri kweanosvika makore maviri.

France neBritain parizvino vari kuumba mutemo wavo wekupinda nekubuda kwevanhu munyika. Zvinonyanya kunetsa kuFrance, nebumbiro remutemo rakavakirwa pa “Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite”, kudzika mutemo iwoyo wekuputsa dzimba dzenguva pfupi, kusasanganisa uye kuisa muhusungwa vapoteri, uye kumanikidza vapoteri kuti vapinde munzvimbo isingadikanwi. Nekupa vanhu kodzero yekusarudza nyika yavo yekupotera, vachibatsira nezvido zvinokosha sepekugara nechikafu, kupindura nevanhu pane kudzvinyirirwa, Hurumende ichange ichigonesa mhinduro yakanakisa inogoneka, pamwe nekutevedzera kodzero dzevanhu pasi rose, mitemo. yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kuchengeteka uye kodzero dzevanhu vose vari munyika nhasi.

—–Mareferensi—-

[1] http://www.independent.co.uk/nhau/nyika/Europe/david-cameron-uk-give-france-20-miriyoni-kumisa-calais-vapoteri-vanosvika-english-a6908991.html
[2]
http://www.independent.co.uk/nhau/uk/home-news/refugee-dambudziko-afghanistan-yakatonga-yakachengeteka-zvakakwana-kudzinga-kupotera-seekers-from-uk-a6910246.html
[3] https://kabulblogs.wordpress.com /
[4]
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/04/nyika/asia/hupenyu-kudhonza-back-in-afghan-capital-as-njodzi-inosimuka-uye-mauto-recede.html?_r=1
[5] https://unama.unmissions.org/vanhuwo zvavo-vakakuvara-vatsva-high-2015
[6]
http://www.theguardian.com/nyika/2015/May/07/taliban-vechidiki-vanotora-isis-afghanistan-jihadis-islamic-mamiriro
[7]
http://www.theguardian.com/nyika/2015/sep/07/uk-will-kubvuma-kusvika-20000-syrian-vapoteri-david-cameron-inotsigira
[8] http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34131911
[9] http://www.vox.com/2016/3/8/11180232/jungle-calais-musasa wevapoteri
[10]
http://www.ecre.org/topics/nzvimbo-dzebasa/dziviriro-mu-europe/10-dublin-regulation.HTML
[11]
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/nhau/nyika/the-nguva/peoples muggler-gangs-exploit-nzira itsva-kuenda-kuBritain-kubva-dunkirk/news-story1ff6e01f22b02044b67028bc01e3e5c0

Maya Evans anoronga Voices for Creative Non-Violence UK, akashanyira Kabul 8 nguva mumakore ekupedzisira e5 kwaanoshanda mukubatana nevaduku veAfghan vanoita rugare.