Iyo Overseas Base Realignment uye Kuvhara Coalition yatumira tsamba ichikurudzira Seneti uye House Armed Services Makomiti kuti riise chirevo chekuburitsa nyaya kumahombekombe ekunze muFY2020 NDAA kuti iwedzere kuoneka, chengetedza madhora evabhadhara, uye kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Tsamba, yakabatanidzwa uye pazasi, yakasainwa nevanopfuura gumi nemaviri mauto emauto nyanzvi nemasangano.

Mibvunzo inogona kutungamirirwa kuna OBRACC2018@gmail.com.

Nekutenda,

David

David Vine
Purofesa
Dhipatimendi reAnthropology
American University
4400 Massachusetts Ave. NW
Washington, DC 20016 USA

August 23, 2019

Anokudzwa James Inhofe

Sachigaro, Seneti Komiti Yezvekushandisa Zvombo

 

Anokudzwa Jack Reed

Nzvimbo Inogadzwa, Seneti Komiti YezveMapfumo

 

Anokudzwa Adamu Smith

Sachigaro, Dare Revarombo Dare Komiti

 

Anokudzwa Mac Thornberry

Nzvimbo Inogamuchira, Imba Yevarwi Vedare Komiti

 

Vanodiwa Chairmen Inhofe naSmith, uye Nhengo Dzinotakura Reed neTornberry:

Isu tiri boka reuto remauto nyanzvi kubva kumhiri kwezvematongerwo enyika kuratidzika kunyora kukurudzira iwe kuchengetedza Sec. 1079 yeHR 2500, "Chirevo pamusoro pemitengo yeMari yeExperias United States Mauto Kutora uye Kushanda," muNational Defense Authorization Act yeFiscal Year 2020. Kana ukashandiswa zvakaomarara, chirevo ichi chinowedzera pachena uye chichigona kutarisisa kushandisa mari kwePentagon, kubatsira mukuedza kwakanyanya kupedza mari dzehondo, uye kukurudzira kugadzirira kwemauto nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika.

Kwakareba kwazvo, kwave kuine pachena kujeka pamusoro pehondo dzehondo dzeUS nekushanda mhiri kwemakungwa. Ikozvino kune anofungidzirwa 800 US mauto pasi ("nzvimbo dzesimba") kunze kwenzvimbo dze50 neWashington, DC. Iwo akapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dze80 nenzvimbo-dzakapetwa kaviri huwandu hwenyika dzinotambira zvichienzaniswa nekuguma kweCold War. [1]

Tsvagiridzo yakagara yaratidza kuti mhiri kwemhiri kwemakungwa zvinonyanya kunetseka kuvhara kana zvambogadzwa. Kazhinji, zvigadziko kunze kwenyika zvinoramba zvakavhurika nekuda kwe bureaucratic inertia chete.^[2] Vakuru vemauto nevamwe vanowanzofungidzira kuti kana mhiri kwemhiri kwemakungwa variko, inofanirwa kubatsira; Congress haiwanzomanikidza mauto kuti aongorore kana kuratidza hutongi hwekuchengetedza nyika nezvigadziko zviri kunze kwenyika.

Nyaya yehuwori yeNavy yainzi "Fat Leonard", iyo yakakonzera makumi emamirioni emadhora mumari dzinowedzerwa uye huori hwakapararira pakati pevakuru vakuru vemauto, ndeimwe yemienzaniso yakawanda yekushaikwa kwehutongi hwevamiririri mhiri kwemakungwa. Kukura kwemauto muAfrica ndehumwe: Masoja mana paakafa muhondo muNiger muna2017, nhengo zhinji dzeCongress dzakakatyamadzwa nekuziva kuti maive nemauto anosvika chiuru munyika iyoyo. Kunyangwe iyo Pentagon yakagara ichiti ine bhesi imwe chete mu Africa - mu Djibouti - ongororo inoratidza kuti pari zvino pane nzvimbo dzinosvika makumi mana dzakaiswa dzakasiyana siyana (mukuru wemauto akabvuma kuiswa 1,000 muna 40). [46] Iwe unogona kunge uri pakati peboka diki muCongress rinoziva kuti mauto eUS ave kubatanidzwa mukurwa munyika dzinosvika makumi maviri nemaviri kubvira 2017, nemhedzisiro inowanzova nenjodzi. [3]

Maitiro azvino ekutarisa haana kukwana kuti Kongiresi neveruzhinji vashandise kutonga kwevanhu nenzira yekumisikidza kwemauto uye zviitwa mhiri kwemakungwa. Pentagon yegore rino "Base Structure Report" inopa rumwe ruzivo nezve huwandu uye saizi yenzvimbo dzekumashure mhiri kwemakungwa, zvisinei, inokundikana kupa rondedzero pane akawanda maficha anozivikanwa munyika dzepasirese uye kazhinji inopa data risina kukwana kana risiri iro. [5] Vazhinji vanofungidzira kuti Pentagon haizive iyo chaiyo nhamba yekuisirwa kunze kwenyika.

Dhipatimendi reDziviriro “Kwemari Yekunze Mutengo,” rakaiswa muzvinyorwa zvebhajeti, rinopa ruzivo rwakakwana rwemitengo mune dzimwe asi kwete nyika dzese dzinowanikwa nemauto. Iyo Ruzivo dhata kazhinji kazhinji haina kukwana uye kazhinji isipo kune dzakawanda nyika. Kweanopfuura makore gumi, DoD yakataura mutengo wepagore wepasirose kune yekumhiri kwemakungwa emari inosvika $ 20 bhiriyoni. Ongororo yakazvimirira inoratidza kuti mutengo chaiwo wekushandisa nekuchengeta mabheseni kunze kwenyika wakawedzera zvakapetwa nekaviri nhamba, inodarika $ 51 bhiriyoni pagore, nemutengo wakakwana (kusanganisira vashandi) wemari inosvika $ 150 bhiriyoni. [6] Kushaikwa kwekutarisa mashandisiro akadaro inonyanya kushamisa yakapihwa makumi emabhiriyoni emadhora inoyerera kubva kune nhengo dzeCongress nematunhu kunzvimbo dzepanze gore rega rega.

Kana ikashandiswa nemazvo, mushumo unodiwa neSec. 1079 yeHR 2500 yaizochinja zvakanyanya kujekesa mashandiro emauto kunze kwenyika uye kubvumira Congress neveruzhinji kushandisa hutongi hwekutarisira vanhu pamusoro pePentagon. Tinokukurudzira kuti ubatanidze Sek. 1079 muFY2020 NDAA. Tinokukurudzirawo kuti udzokorore mutauro wekugadzirisa kuti ubate mazwi ari mundima 1, "akaisirwa panzvimbo inotsungirira yenzvimbo." Tichifunga nezve kushomeka kweBase Structure Report, chinodikanwa chiitiko chinofanira kunyora mutengo uye kuchengetedzwa kwenyika yose. Zvimisikidzwa zveAmerica mhiri kwemakungwa.

Ndatenda nekutora matanho akakosha kuti uwedzere kujekerwa, chengetedza madhora evabhadhara, uye unatsiridza kuchengetedzwa kwenyika.

pachokwadi,

Dunhu rekumaodzanyemba Kubatsira uye Kuvhara Sangano

Christine Ahn, Women Cross DMZ

Andrew J. Bacevich, Quincy Institute yeRinogoneka Statecraft

Medea Bhenjamini, Codirector, Codepink

Phyllis Bennis, Dhairekita, New Internationalism Project, Institute for Policy Zvidzidzo

Leah Bolger, CDR, US Navy (ret), President World BEYOND War

Noam Chomsky, Laureate Purofesa weLinguistics, Agnese Nelms Haury Sachigaro, Yunivhesiti yeArizona / Purofesa Emeritus Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cynthia Enloe, Muongorori wePurofesa, Clark University

Kunze Kwemutemo Alliance, Inc.

Joseph Gerson, Mutungamiriri, Campaign Yorunyararo, Disarmament uye Zvakajairika Chengetedzo

David C. Hendrickson, Colorado College

Matthew Hoh, Senior Fellow, Center for International Policy

Guahan Mubatanidzwa Werunyararo uye Kururamisira

Kyle Kajihiro, Hawaiʻi Peace and Justice

Gwyn Kirk, Vakadzi veGeneral Security

MG Dennis Laich, US Mauto, Retire

John Lindsay-Poland, Misa US Arms kuenda kuMexico Project Coordinator, Global Exchange; munyori, MaEmumambo muJungle: Nhoroondo Yakavanzika yeUS muPanama

Catherine Lutz, Thomas J. Watson, Jr. Mhuri Purofesa weAnthropology uye International Studies, Watson Institute for International uye Veruzhinji Zvenyika uye Dhipatimendi reAnthropology, Brown University

Khury Petersen-Smith, Sangano rePolitology Study

Del Spurlock, Aimbova General Counselling uye Mubatsiri Secretary weUS Army yeManpower neReserve Affairs

David Swanson, Executive Director, World BEYOND War

David Vine, Purofesa, Dhipatimendi reAnthropology, American University

Stephen Wertheim, Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft uye Saltzman Institute yeHondo uye Runyararo Zvidzidzo, Columbia University

Colonel Ann Wright, Mauto eUS atora pamudyandigere uye aimbova mumiriri weUS

Endnotes

[1] David Vine, "Chinyorwa cheUS Mauto Anoteedzera Kunze," 2017, American University, http://dx.doi.org/10.17606/M6H599; David Vine, Base Nation: Sei US Military Bases Kune Dzimwe Nyika Inokuvadza America uye Nyika (Metropolitan, 2015). Zvimwezve chokwadi nezviverengero nezveUS zvigadzirwa mhiri kwemakungwa zvinowanikwa www.overseasbases.net/into-heet.html.Mibvunzo, rumwe ruzivo: OBRACC2018@gmail.com / www.webasbases.net.

[2] Imwe yeisingawanzo kuongororwa kweCongress of US mabheseni uye kuvapo mhiri kwemakungwa kwakaratidza kuti "kana imwe nyika yekuAmerican mhiri kwemakungwa yakagadzwa, inotora hupenyu hwayo yega…. Mamishini ekutanga anogona kuve echinyakare, asi mishini mitsva inogadzirwa, kwete chete nechinangwa chekuchengetedza nzvimbo ichienda, asi kazhinji kuitisa. ” United States Senate, "United States Zvibvumirano Zvekuchengetedzeka uye Kuzvipira Kune Dzimwe Nyika," Kutongwa pamberi peSeneti Subcommittee paUnited States Zvibvumirano Zvekuzvipira Kune Dzimwe Nyika zveKomiti Yezvekunze Kwehukama, Makumi mapfumbamwe-kutanga Congress, Vol. 2, 2417. Dzimwe ongororo dzichangobva kuitwa dzakasimbisa kuwanikwa uku. Semuenzaniso, John Glaser, "Kubva kubva Kumhiri Kwekunze: Sei Kuenda Mberi-Kuendeswa Mauto Kusina Kukodzera, Kunze, uye Ngozi," Policy Analysis 816, CATO Institute, Chikunguru 18, 2017; Chalmers Johnson, Kusuruvara kweMambo: Militarism, Secrecy, uye Kuguma kweRiphabliki (New York: Metropolitan, 2004); Vine, Base Nation.

[3] Nick Turse, "Mauto eUS Anoti Ine 'Chiedza Chetsoka' muAfrica. Aya Magwaro Anoratidza Zvakakura Network, " The Intercept, December 1, 2018,https://theintercept.com/2018/12/01/u-s-military-says-it-has-a-light-footprint-in-africa-these-documents-show-a-vast-network-of-bases/; Stephanie Savell uye 5W infographics, "Iyi Mepu Inoratidza Pane Munyika Mauto eUnited States Ari Kurwisa Husori," Smithsonian Magazine, January 2019, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/map-shows-places-world-where-us-military-operates-180970997/; Nick Turse, "Hondo yeAmerica Inorwa Hondo muAfrica Chakavanzika cheMasoja eU.S. Vanoratidza Boka Rezvikwata zveMasoja eAmerica Kudunhu Iri," TomDispatch.com, April 27, 2017, http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/176272/tomgram%3A_nick_turse%2C_the_u.s._military_moves_deeper_into_africa/.

[4] Afghanistan, Pakistan, Philippines, Somalia, Yemen, Iraq, Libya, Uganda, South Sudan, Burkina Faso, Chad, Niger, Central African Republic, Syria, Kenya, Cameroon, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Democratic Republic. yeCongo, Saudi Arabia, uye Tunisia. Ona Savell uye 5W Infographics; Nick Turse naSean D. Naylor, "Zvakaburitswa: Mauto eUnited States makumi matatu nematanhatu-Anonzi Mashandiro muAfrica," Yahoo News, April 17, 2019, https://news.yahoo.com/revealed-the-us-militarys-36-codenamed-operations-in-africa-090000841.html.

[5] Nick Turse, "Mabhesi, Mabhesi, Kwese Kwese… Kunze kwePentagon's Report," TomDispatch.com, January 8, 2019, http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/176513/tomgram%3A_nick_turse%2C_one_down%2C_who_knows_how_many_to_go/#more; Vine, Base Nyika, 3-5; Vini, "Rondedzero yeUS Mauto Mabheji Kunze."

[6] David Vine, American University, fungidziro yemari yepasi yeOBACC, vin@american.edu, Kugadzirisa kuverenga muVine, Base Nyika, 195-214.