NeLawrence S. Wittner, PeaceVoice
Parizvino, kuderedza zvombo zvenyukireya kunoratidzika kuva kwakamira. Nyika pfumbamwe dzine hwerengedzo ingangoita 15,500 hondo yenyukireya munzvimbo dzavo dzezvombo, kusanganisira 7,300 dzeRussia uye 7,100 dzeUnited States. Chibvumirano cheRussia neAmerica chekuwedzera kudzikisa masimba enyukireya chave chakaoma kuchengetedza nekuda kwekusafarira kweRussia uye kuramba kweRepublican.
Bva kumisa zvombo zvenyukireya kunoramba kuchikosha, nokuti, chero bedzi zvombo zvenyukireya zvichiripo, sezvingabvira zvichashandiswa. Hondo dzakarwiwa kwezviuru zvemakore, nezvombo zvine simba zvikuru zvinowanzopinzwa mukutamba. Zvombo zvenyukireya zvakashandiswa nekuzengurira kudiki nehurumende yeUS muna 1945 uye, kunyangwe zvisati zvambopinzwa muhondo kubva ipapo, tingatarisira kuenderera mberi kwenguva yakareba sei pasina kumanikidzwa kushanda zvakare nehurumende dzine utsinye?
Kupfuurirazve, kunyange kana hurumende dzikasazvishandisa nokuda kwehondo, kuchine ngozi yokuputika kwazvo namagandanga anonyanyisa kana kuti netsaona. Kupfuurisa tsaona dzine chiuru zvinosanganisira zvombo zvenyukireya zveUS zvakaitika pakati pa1950 na1968 chete. Zvakawanda zvacho zvakanga zvisingakoshi, asi zvimwe zvacho zvaigona kuva nenjodzi. Kunyangwe pasina rimwe remabhomba enyukireya rakatanga netsaona, zvombo zvinokandwa, uye misoro yehondo - zvimwe zvacho zvisati zvambowanikwa - zvakaputika, tinogona kunge tisina rombo rakanaka mune ramangwana.
Uyewo, zvirongwa zvezvombo zvenyukireya zvinodhura zvikuru. Parizvino, hurumende yeUS inoronga kushandisa $ 1 tiririyoni mumakore makumi matatu anotevera kugadziridza nzvimbo yese yezvombo zvenyukireya yeUS. Izvi zvinokwanisika here? Tichifunga kuti mari yechiuto inotogaya 54 muzana yehurumende yemubatanidzwa kushandisa madiro, imwe madhora miriyoni imwe yezvombo zvenyukireya “zvemazuvano” inoratidzika kunge ingangobuda mune chero chasara mari yedzidzo yeveruzhinji, hutano hweveruzhinji, uye zvimwe zvirongwa zvepamba.
Mukuwedzera, kuwanda kwezvombo zvenyukireya kunyika dzakawanda kunoramba kuri ngozi nguva dzose. Chibvumirano chenyukireya cheNon-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) che1968 chaive chibvumirano pakati penyika dzisiri dzenyukireya nenyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya, neyakambomira kugadzirwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya uku iyo yekupedzisira yakabvisa zvombo zvavo zvenyukireya. Asi kuchengetedza kwemasimba enyukireya kwemasimba enyukireya kuri kukanganisa chido chedzimwe nyika kutevedzera chibvumirano ichi.
Sezvineiwo, kumwezve kubviswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya kwaizoguma mune mamwe mabhenefiti chaiwo kuUnited States. Kudzikiswa kwakakura kwezvombo zvenyukireya zve2,000 US zvakaiswa pasirese kwaizoderedza njodzi dzenyukireya uye kuchengetedza hurumende yeUS mari yakawanda inogona kupa zvirongwa zvepamba kana kungodzoserwa kune vateresi vanofara. Zvakare, neuku kuratidza kuremekedza chibvumirano chakaitwa pasi peNPT, nyika dzisiri nezvombo zvenyukireya dzingasada kutanga zvirongwa zvezvombo zvenyukireya.
Unilateral US kuderedzwa kwenyukireya kwaizounzawo kumanikidza kutevera kutungamira kweUS. Kana hurumende yeUS ikazivisa kudzikiswa kwezvombo zvayo zvenyukireya, ichipikisa Kremlin kuti iite zvimwe chetezvo, zvaizonyadzisa hurumende yeRussia pamberi peruzhinji rwenyika, hurumende dzemamwe marudzi, neruzhinji rwayo. Pakupedzisira, nezvakawanda zvekuwana uye zvishoma zvekurasikirwa nekuita mukuderedza nyukireya, iyo Kremlin inogona kutanga kuvagadzira zvakare.
Vanopikisa kuderedza kuderedzwa kwenyukireya vanotaura kuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvinofanira kuchengetwa, nokuti zvinoshanda “sechidziviso.” Asi kudzivirira kwenyukireya kunoshanda chaizvoizvo here? Ronald Reagan, mumwe wapurezidhendi weAmerica anonyanya kufunga nezvehondo, akaramba achiramba kutaura kwakaipa kwokuti zvombo zvenyukireya zveU.S. Uyewo, nyika dzisiri dzenyukireya dzakarwa hondo dzakawanda nemasimba enyukireya (kusanganisira United States neSoviet Union) kubvira muna 1945. Neiko dzisina kuodzwa mwoyo?
Ehe saizvozvo, zvakawanda deterrence kufunga anotarisa kuchengeteka kubva nyukireya kurwisa kunonzi kunopa zvombo zvenyukireya. Asi, kutaura zvazviri, vakuru vehurumende yeUS, kunyangwe hukuru hwavo hwezvombo zvenyukireya, vanoita sevasina kuchengeteka zvakanyanya. Tingatsanangure seizve mari yavo hombe yekudyara mune missile defense system? Zvakare, nei vanga vachinetseka zvakanyanya nezve hurumende yeIran kuwana zvombo zvenyukireya? Mushure mezvose, hurumende yeUS kuve nezviuru zvezvombo zvenyukireya kunofanirwa kuvaita kuti vafunge kuti havafanirwe kunetseka nezvekutorwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya neIran kana chero imwe nyika.
Uyezve, kunyange kana nyukireya kudzivirira anoita basa, nei Washington ichida 2,000 yakatumirwa zvombo zvenyukireya kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita kwayo? A 2002 kudzidza akagumisa kuti, kana zvombo zvenyukireya zve300 chete zvakashandiswa kurwisa zvinangwa zveRussia, 90 mamiriyoni eRussia (kubva muhuwandu hwemamiriyoni e144) aizofa muhafu yekutanga yeawa. Uyezve, mumwedzi yaitevera, kuparadzwa kukuru kwakakonzerwa nokurwiswa kwacho kwaizoguma nekufa kwevazhinji-zhinji vevapukunyuki nemaronda, hosha, kuratidzirwa, uye nzara. Chokwadi hapana yeRussia kana imwe hurumende yaizowana izvi semugumisiro unogamuchirika.
Uku kuwanda kwesimba pamwe kunotsanangura chikonzero nei US Joint Chiefs of Staff funga kuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvinokwana 1,000 zvakaringana kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwenyika yeUS. Inogonawo kutsanangura chikonzero nei pasina imwe yemamwe masimba manomwe enyukireya (Britain, France, China, Israel, India, Pakistan, neNorth Korea) inonetseka kuchengetedza zvinopfuura. 300 zvombo zvenyukireya.
Kunyange zvazvo chiito chedivi rimwe chete chokuderedza ngozi dzenyukireya chinganzwika kuva chinotyisa, chakaitwa kakawanda pasina migumisiro yakaipa. Hurumende yeSoviet yakamisa kuedzwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya isina divi rimwe chete muna 1958 uye, zvakare, muna 1985. Kutanga muna 1989, yakatangawo kubvisa zvombo zvayo zvenyukireya zvounyanzvi kubva kuEastern Europe. Zvimwechetezvo, hurumende yeAmerica, panguva yekutonga kwemutungamiri weAmerica, George HW Bush, akaita unilaterally kubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya zvese zveUS zvipfupi, zvakaburitswa pasi kubva kuEurope neAsia, pamwe nemaoko ese mapfupi enyukireya kubva kungarava dzeUS Navy kutenderera pasirese - kucheka kwezviuru zvehondo dzenyukireya.
Zviripachena, kutaurirana chibvumirano chepasi rose chakarambidza nekuparadza zvombo zvenyukireya zvese ingave nzira yakanaka yekubvisa njodzi dzenyukireya. Asi izvozvo hazvifaniri kudzivirira zvimwe zviito zvinobatsira kubva pakutorwa munzira.
