Zvidzidzo PaHondo Uye Runyararo muSouth Sudan

NaJohn Reuwer, Gunyana 20, 2019

Husiku hwapfuura uyu nechirimo ndakawana mukana wekushanda se "International Protection Officer" muSouth Sudan kwemwedzi ye4 neNonviolent Peaceforce (NP), rimwe remasangano makuru munyika achishandisa nzira dzekudzivirira dzisiri dzechivanhu munzvimbo dze mhirizhonga. Zvandaive chikamu chevazvipiri ve “zvikwata zverunyararo” vachiita basa rakafanana munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana mumakumi emakore apfuura, ndakange ndichida kuona kuti nyanzvi idzi dzaishandisa sei zvadzakadzidza kubva pamakore gumi nematanhatu echiitiko uye kubvunzana nguva dzese nemamwe mapoka vachishandisa pfungwa dzakafanana . Ndichiri kuchengetedza zvirevo uye ongororo nezve rakaputsa basa reNP kune imwe nguva, ini ndoda kutaura pano pane zvandakadzidza nezvehondo uye kugadzira rugare kubva kuvanhu veSouth Sudan, kunyanya sezvazvinoita kuchinangwa World BEYOND War - kubviswa kwehondo sechinhu chezvematongerwo enyika, uye kugadzirwa kwerunyararo uye rwakasimba runyararo. Kunyanya ini ndinoda kusiyanisa maonero ehondo andinowanzo kunzwa seAmerican, uye nevazhinji vevanhu vandakasangana navo muSouth Sudan.

World BEYOND War yakavambwa uye inomhanya (kusvika zvino) zvikuru nevanhu muUnited States, avo nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana vanoona hondo sechinhu chisingaite zvachose chekusuwa kwevanhu. Maonero aya anotisa misiyano nevakawanda vatinogara navo vanoshanda pasi pefungidziro dzatinonyatsoziva - iyo hondo ndeye kusanganisika, kwakakosha, kwakaringana, uye kunobatsira. Kugara muUnited States, kune humbowo hwekutenda ngano idzo dzakadzika midzi mugadziriro yedu yekudzidza. Hondo inoratidzika kunge isingabviri nekuti nyika yedu yanga iri muhondo ye223 yemakore 240 kubva payakasununguka, uye vatsva mukirasi yangu yekoreji vanoziva kuti US yanga iri muhondo kuenderera kubvira ivo vasati vazvarwa. Hondo inoratidzika kunge yakakodzera nekuti vezvenhau vanogara vachiudza kutyisidzira kubva kuRussia, China, North Korea, Iran, kana rimwe boka remagandanga kana rimwe. Hondo zvinoita senge nekuti, zvechokwadi zvakakwana, vatungamiriri vevose vari pamusoro vavengi vanouraya kana kuisa mutorongo vamwe vevanopokana, uye pasina kuda kwedu kurwa hondo, tinoudzwa chero wavo anogona kuve anotevera Hitler akarerekera kutongwa kwenyika. Hondo inoratidzika kunge inobatsira nekuti inopiwa mbiri yekusagona kupindwa murwi nehondo kubva 1814 (kurwiswa kwePearl Harbour hakuna kumbobvira kuri chikamu chekurwiswa). Uyezve, haisi iyo chete iyo indasitiri yehondo inogadzira mabasa mazhinji, kupinda muchiuto ndiyo imwe yenzira shoma iyo mwana anogona kuwana kuburikidza nekoji pasina chikwereti - kuburikidza neROTC chirongwa, achibvuma kurwa, kana kuti zvimwe chitima chekurwa hondo.

Tichifunga nezveuchapupu uhu, kunyange hondo isingaperi inoita zvine musoro pane imwe nhanho, uye nekudaro isu tinorarama mune nyika ine bhajeti rehondo rakakura kwazvo kupfuura vavengi vese vanofungidzirwa kusangana, uye iro rinotumidzira zvimwe zvombo, nhepfenyuro mamwe mauto, uye rinopindira mune dzimwe nyika nezviito zvechiuto kure uye kure kupfuura chero rumwe rudzi pasi pano. Hondo kune vazhinji veAmerican inonakidza nhambo apo majaya nemhandara edu akashinga anochengetedza nyika yedu, uye nekureva, zvese izvo zvakanaka munyika.

Iyi nyaya isingaenzaniswi inobata zvakanaka vanhu vazhinji vekuAmerican nekuti hatina kutambudzika nekuparadzwa kwakapararira kubva kuhondo pavhu redu kubvira hondo yedu yega mu1865. Kunze kwehuwandu hushoma hwevanhu nemhuri dzakakanganisika nekushushikana kwepanyama uye kwepfungwa kwekurwa, vashoma vekuAmerican vane chirevo pamusoro peizvo zvinorehwa nehondo. Kana isu vedu vasingatengi zvirevo zvichipokana, kunyange kusvika pakusateerera kwevanhu, isu tinonyorwa nyore nyore, tichibatsirwa sevanowana rusununguko rwakakundwa muhondo.

Ivo vanhu veSouth Sudanese, kune rumwe rutivi, inyanzvi pamusoro pemhedzisiro yehondo sezvazviri chaizvo. Kufanana neUS, nyika yavo yanga iri muhondo kazhinji kazhinji kwete mumakore e63 kubvira nyika yavo yevabereki Sudan yakazvimiririra neBritain mu1956, uye maodzanyemba akazvimiririra kubva kuSudan mu2011. Kusiyana neUS, zvakadaro, idzi Hondo dzakarwa mumaguta avo nemisha, vachiuraya nekuisa chikamu chinoshamisa chevanhu, nekuparadza dzimba nemabhizinesi pamwero mukuru. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeimwe yenjodzi huru dzevanhu panguva dzazvino. Vanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevagari vatorwa, uye zvikamu zvitatu zvevagari vemo zvinotsamira pakubatsira kwevanhu kune dzimwe nyika chikafu uye zvimwe zvakakosha, nepo zvikamu zvekusadzidza zvichinzi ndizvo zvepamusoro pasi. Iko kunenge kusiri kwekunakirwa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa. Pasina mapipi anoshanda uye kurapwa kwemvura, mvura yakawanda yekumwa inoendeswa nerori. Asingasviki hafu yevagari vanokwanisa kuwana chero mvura yakachengeteka inowanikwa. Vanhu vazhinji vaindiratidza madhiri madhiri erudzi rwegirini kana madziva avakapinda mukabedhi. Magetsi kune iwo akapfuma zvakakwana kuti ave nawo inogadzirwa nemunhu kana akawanda mafiziki majenareta. Kune migwagwa mishoma yakavezwa, kusanganisa panguva yakaoma asi yakaoma inouraya mumvura yekunaya kana ine njodzi kana isingakundiki. Varimi varombo kwazvo kutadza kudyara zvirimwa, kana kutya zvakanyanya kuti kuuraya kwacho kuchatangazve, saka chikafu chakawanda chekanzuru chinofanira kuendeswa kunze kwenyika.

Vanenge munhu wese wandasangana naye anokwanisa kundiratidza ronda ravo kana kuti imwe vanga, vandiudza nezve kuona murume wavo aurawa kana mukadzi wavo abatwa chibharo pamberi pavo, vanakomana vavo vadiki vakaiswa muuto kana mauto evapanduki, kana kuti vakatarisa sei guta ravo richitsva ivo vakamhanya vachitya kubva pfuti. Huwandu hwevanhu vari kurwadziwa neimwe mhando yekushungurudzika hwakakwira zvakanyanya. Vazhinji vakaratidza kusava netariro pamusoro pekutangazve mushure mekurasikirwa nevadikani vavo uye zvakanyanya zvezvinhu zvavo kurwiswa nemauto. Mumwe murume mukuru Imam watakabatana naye pamusangano wekuyanana akatanga mazwi ake, "Ini ndakazvarwa muhondo, ndakararama hupenyu hwangu hwese muhondo, ndinorwara zvehondo, handidi kufira muhondo." Ndokusaka ndiri pano. ”

Vanoona sei ngano dzeAmerica nezvehondo? Ivo havaone kubatsira - chete kuparadzwa, kutya, kusurukirwa, uye kuvanzika zvinounza. Vazhinji vaisadaidzira kuti kurwa kunodiwa, nekuti hapana wavanowona kunze kwevashoma kwazvo kubva kumusoro. Vanogona kudaidzira kuti kurwa chete, asi chete mupfungwa yekudzosera, kuunza kusuwa kune rumwe rutivi kutsiva kune iko kusuwa kwakasangana pavari. Asi kunyangwe nechishuwo che "kururamisira", vanhu vazhinji vanoita kunge vachiziva kuti kutsiva kunongoita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kutonyanya. Vazhinji vevanhu vandakataura navo nezvazvo vaiona sehondo zvisingaite; mupfungwa kuti ivo havana kuziva imwe nzira yekubata noutsinye hwevamwe. Kwete zvisingatarisirike nekuti hapana chavaiziva.

Saka yaive mufaro chaiwo kuona kuti vanhu vaishuvira sei kunzwa kuti hondo ingangove isingadzivisike. Vakasvetukira kumisangano yakagadziriswa neNonviolent Peaceforce, iyo chinangwa chavo yaive yekufambisa uye kukurudzira vanhu kuti vatore simba ravo pachavo uye pamwe chete kuti vadzivise kukuvadzwa pasi peRubriki ye "Unarmed Citizen Protection". NP ine huru hombe ye "zvishandiso zvekudzivirira" uye hunyanzvi hwahunogovera nekufamba kwenguva kuburikidza nekusangana kwakawanda nemapoka akakodzera. Aya hunyanzvi akavakirwa pachifungidziro chekuti chikamu chikuru chechengeteko chinowanikwa kuburikidza nehukama hune hanya mukati memunhu munharaunda uye kusvika kune inogona kukuvadza "imwe". Unyanzvi chaihwo hunosanganisira kuziva mamiriro, kudzora runyereko, kunyevera kwekutanga / kupindura kwekutanga, kudzivirirwa kwekufamba, uye kuratidzira kwekutungamira kwevatungamiriri vemadzinza, vezvematongerwo enyika, uye vatambi vane zvombo pamativi ese. Kubatana kwega kwega kwenzvimbo kunovaka hunyanzvi maererano neizvi uye hunyanzvi nehunyanzvi hwatovepo munharaunda idzi dzakaponeswa mugehena.

Mapoka aitsvaga dzimwe nzira dzehondo dzakatokura apo NP (ane vashandi vari hafu yenyika uye hafu yepasi rose nedanho) vakabatana nerunyararo vanoita rugare kuti vatore nzira yerunyararo. MuWestern Equatoria State, boka revafundisi, vese vechiKristu uye vechiMuslim, vanozvipira nguva yavo kuti vasvike kuna chero munhu anokumbira rubatsiro nemakakatanwa. Chainyanya kukosha kuve kuda kwavo kuita masoja akasara musango (nzvimbo dzisina kumisikidzwa), avo vanobatwa pakati pebwe nenzvimbo yakaoma. Pakati pechibvumirano cherunyararo chiripo, vanoda kudzokera kumisha yavo, asi havana kutenderwa nekuda kwehutsinye hwavakaita vanhu vekwavo. Asi kana vachigara mugwenzi, vane hushoma mashoma ekutsigira, uye saka kupamba uye kupamba, vachiita kufamba nemumaruwa kune njodzi. Ivo zvakare vanokanganiswa kudaidzwa kuti vadzokere kuhondo pazvakatarisirwa nemutungamiriri wavo kana angave asingafarire maitiro erunyararo. Vafundisi ava vanoisa pangozi kutsamwa kwevarwi uye nharaunda nekuita kuti vataure uye vanowanzo kuyanana. Sezvandaigona kuona, kwavo kusava nehanya nerunyararo kwakaita kuti vave boka rakavimbika kwazvo mudunhu iro renyika.

Kudzivirirwa uye zviitiko zveveruzhinji zvakanakira South Sudanese. Munguva yangu muWestern Equatoria State, vanhu vemuSudan muKhartoum, kuburikidza nemwedzi yekuratidzira mumigwagwa inosanganisira mamirioni avanhu, zvakaita kuti pakutanga kubvongodza kwavo 30-mudzvinyiriri Omar al-Bashir. Mutungamiri weSouth Sudan akabva angoburitsa yambiro yekuti kana vanhu vemuJuba vachiyedza chinhu chakadai, zvinonyadzisa kuti vechidiki vazhinji vafe, sezvo iye akadaidzira mauto ake kuti apinde munhandare yenyika uye aise mutsva mashopu mukati meguta guru.

Nguva yangu neSouth Sudanese yakasimbisa kutenda kwangu kuti nyika inoda kuzorora kubva kuhondo. Vanoda kusunungurwa kubva kunhamo nekukurumidza nekutya, uye tariro yekuti rugare rungagumi. Isu muU.S. tinoda kusunungurwa kubva pakurohwa kwakatangwa nekutsigira hondo munzvimbo zhinji - hupoteri nehugandanga, kushomeka kwezvekuwanira hutano zvinodhura, mvura yakachena, dzidzo, kuvandudza masango, kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, pamwe nemutoro wechikwereti. Tsika mbiri idzi dzinogona kushumirwa neshoko rakapararira uye risingaperi rekuti hondo harisi simba rechisikwa, asi chisikwa chevanhu, uye nekudaro rinogona kupedzwa nevanhu. Nzira dzeWBW, dzakavakirwa panzwisiso iyi, dzinodaidzira kuchengetedza kuchengetedza, kugadzirisa kusawirirana zvisingaite, nekugadzira tsika yerunyararo uko dzidzo nehupfumi hwakavakirwa pakusangana nezvinodiwa nevanhu pane kugadzirira zvehondo. Iyi nzira yakafara inoita seyakafanana kune ese US nevemubatanidzwa, neSouth Sudan uye vavakidzani, asi iyo nzira yekushandisa kwayo ichafanirwa kugadziriswa nevamiriri venzvimbo.

Kune maAmerican, zvinoreva zvinhu sekufambisa mari kubva kumagadziriro ehondo kuenda kune mamwe mabasa anobatsira hupenyu, kuvhara mazana edu ezvigadziko zvekunze, uye kugumisa kutengeswa kwezvombo kune dzimwe nyika. Kune veSouth Sudanese, avo vanonyatsoziva kuti zvese zvemauto mauto uye mabara zvinobva kune imwe nzvimbo, vanofanirwa kuzvisarudzira nzira yekutanga, pamwe nekutarisa pakudzivirira vasina kurwa, kurapwa kwekushungurudzika, uye kuyanana kuderera kuvimba nemhirizhonga. Nepo maAmerican nevamwe vekumadokero vangashandisa kuratidzira kuruzhinji kushoropodza hurumende dzavo, South Sudanese inofanira kuchenjerera, kunyengera uye kuparadzirwa mumabasa avo.

Chipo icho vanhu veSouth Sudan nedzimwe nyika vanotambura nehondo dzakareba vanogona kuunza kuna World Beyond War tafura kunzwisisika kwakanyanya kwehondo nekugovana nyaya kubva kune kwavo ruzivo. Zvakaitika kwavari nezvechokwadi chehondo zvinogona kubatsira kumutsa nyika dzine simba kubva mukunyepedzera kwakanyanya muUS Kuti vaite izvi, ivo vachada kukurudzirwa, kumwe kutsigirwa kwepanyama nekubatanidzwa mukufunda pamwe. Imwe nzira yekutanga iyi maitiro ndeyekuumba zvitsauko muSouth Sudan nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine mhirizhonga inoenderera mberi yechisimba avo vanogona kuchinjisa nzira yeWBW kune yavo yakasarudzika mamiriro, vozova nekuchinjika kwetsika nemagariro, misangano, mharidzo, uye kubvunza munzira dzakanakisa dzekudzidza kubva uye kutsigirana mumwe nemumwe muchinangwa chedu chekubvisa hondo.

John Reuwer nhengo ye World BEYOND WarBhodhi revatungamiriri.