NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, October 22, 2021
Maererano Magazine Smithsonian - yakaunzwa kwauri nevanhu vane mamuseum kumusoro nekudzika kweNational Mall muWashington DC - King George III aive democrat uye anobatsira vanhu muna 1776.
Ndingavenga kuti izvi zvinyatsonzwa sekurumwa nembongoro, zvichiuya pazvitsitsinho zvekufa kwaColin Powell, uyo akaita zvakawanda kune pfungwa yokuti hondo inogona kuvakirwa pachokwadi chakasimba. Iro rombo rakanaka, pamwe, kuti Hondo Yenyika II yakanyanya kutsiva iyo Revolution yeAmerica seyakatangira ngano muUS nationalism (chero nguva zhinji chokwadi chakakosha nezve WWII zvinodziviswa zvakasimba).
Zvakadaro, pane rudo rwehuduku, ngano ine mbiri iyo inodyiwa zvine utsinye nguva dzese patinoona kuti George Washington akange asina mazino emapuranga kana kugara achitaura chokwadi, kana kuti Paul Revere haana kukwira ari ega, kana kuti muranda- kuva nekutaura kwaPatrick Henry pamusoro pekusununguka kwakanyorwa makumi emakore mushure mekufa kwake, kana kuti Molly Pitcher akanga asipo. Zvakakwana kuita kuti ndinzwe kuda kuchema kana kukura.
Uye zvino heunoi Magazine Smithsonian kutibira isu kunyange nemuvengi akakwana, mukomana muchena mumhanzi weHamilton, anopenga mumafirimu eHollywood, His Royal Highness yeblue piss, anopomerwa uye akatongerwa muDeclaration of Independence. Kudai akanga asiri Hitler, kutaura chokwadi handizivi kuti tingadai takasiya kuti tiraramirei.
Chaizvoizvo, izvo zvakadhindwa neSmithsonian, pasina ongororo chero ipi neipi neIntelligence Community, yakagadziridzwa kubva mubhuku rinonzi. Mambo Wokupedzisira weAmerica nemupomerwi weramangwana Espionage Act Andrew Roberts. Daniel Hale ari muhusungwa kwemakore mana anotevera nekuda kwekungotiudza izvo hurumende yeUS inoita nema drones nemakomba. Enzanisa izvi neizvi kubva kuna VaRoberts, vachitora mashoko aMambo George pamusoro pehuipi hweuranda:
“'Zvikonzero zvaishandiswa nevaSpain kuita kuti Nyika Itsva ive varanda zvaida kuziva zvikuru,' George anodaro; 'kuparidzirwa kworudzidziso rwechiKristu kwakanga kuri chikonzero chokutanga, chakatevera chakanga chiri vaAmerica [Vakaberekerwamo] vakasiana navo muruvara, tsika, uye tsika, izvo zvose zvisina mufungo zvikuru zvokuita chinetso chokuramba.' Nezvemuitiro wokuEurope wokuita vanhu vomuAfrica varanda, akanyora kuti, 'zvikonzero chaizvo zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvidaro zvichida zvingava zvakakwana kutiita kuti tiite tsika yakadaro mukutuka.' George haana kumbova nevaranda pachake, uye akapa chibvumirano chake kumutemo wakagumisa kutengeswa kwevaranda muEngland muna 1807. Mukupesana, vasiri pasi pe41 vevakasaina 56 kuDeclaration of Independence vaiva varidzi vevaranda.”
Zvino hazvina kunaka. MaAmerican Revolutionaries akataura nezve "uranda" uye "rusununguko" asi izvo hazvina kumbofanirwa kuenzaniswa nechaizvo, munoziva, huranda uye rusununguko. Aive midziyo yekutaura yaireva kuratidza hutongi hweEngland pamusoro pemakoloni ayo uye kuguma kwayo. Muchokwadi, vazhinji veAmerican Revolutionaries vakakurudzirwa zvishoma muchidimbu nechishuwo chekudzivirira huranda kubva pakubviswa pasi pekutonga kweChirungu. Saka, chokwadi chokuti Mambo George akanga asina varanda apo Thomas Jefferson akanga asingakwanisi kuwana zvakakwana kwavari haatombokodzeri pakupomerwa kwamambo kwakaiswa muDeclaration of Independence, iyo Andrew Roberts (kana ndiro zita rake chairo) sekugadzira ngano.
"Chaive Chiziviso chakasimbisa ngano yekuti George III aive mudzvinyiriri. Zvakadaro George aive mucherechedzo wemambo webumbiro, ane hanya zvakanyanya nemiganhu yesimba rake. Haana kumbopikisa Mutemo mumwechete weParamende, uye akanga asina tariro kana zvirongwa zvekugadza chero hudzvinyiriri hunosvika pamusoro pemakoloni ake eAmerica, ayo akanga ari pakati pemasangano akasununguka munyika yose panguva yeRevolution: Mapepanhau akanga asina kuongororwa, pakanga pasina nguva yakawanda. mauto mumigwagwa uye vanhu vaitongwa nenyika 13 vaiva nekodzero huru uye vakasununguka pasi pemutemo kupfuura chero nyika ipi neipi yeEurope yemazuva iwayo.”
Ndinobvuma kuti hazvisi zvakanaka. Zvakadaro, dzimwe mhosva dziri muChiziviso dzinofanira kunge dziri dzechokwadi, kunyangwe zhinji dzadzo dzaingove “ndiye ane masimba uye haafanire kunge ari iye,” asi mhosva huru mugwaro yaive iyi:
"Akafarira kumukirana kwemumba pakati pedu, uye akaedza kuunza kune vagari vemiganhu yedu, maIndian Savages asina tsitsi, ane mutemo unozivikanwa wehondo, kuparadza kusingazivikanwe kweese mazera, varume nevakadzi uye mamiriro."
Hameno kuti vanoda rusununguko vaifanira kunge vaine vanhu vemumba pakati pavo vaigona kutyisidzira mhirizhonga. Hameno kuti vanhu ivavo vangave vanani. Uye ndekupi kwakabva vadzivisi vasina tsitsi - avo vakavakoka munyika yeChirungu pakutanga?
Vamutsiridzi veAmerica, kuburikidza neshanduko yavo yerusununguko, vakavhura nyika dzekuMadokero kuti dziwedzere uye dzirwise maNative America, uye kutaura chokwadi vakarwa hondo yekuparadza maNative America panguva yeAmerican Revolution, yakateverwa nekukurumidza nehondo dzakatangwa muFlorida neCanada. Gamba rechimurenga George Rogers Clark akati angadai akada “kuona rudzi rwose rwemaIndia ruchiparadzwa” uye kuti “haaizorega mukadzi kana mwana wavo waaizoisa maoko ake paari.” Clark akanyora chirevo kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana eIndia umo akatyisidzira "Vakadzi Vako & Vana vanopihwa Imbwa kuti dzidye." Akatevera mashoko ake.
Saka, pamwe maRevolutionary aive nezvikanganiso, uye pamwe mune mamwe mamiriro, Mambo George aive murume ane hunhu panguva yake, asi aive achiri muvengi ane utsinye kune vanoda rusununguko vanoda nyika, er, ndinoreva magandanga, kana chero zvavaive, handiti? Zvakanaka, maererano naRoberts:
"Kupa kwemweya kwaGeorge III kwakauya sechishamiso kwandiri sezvandaitsvaga mu Royal Archives, iyo inogara muRound Tower paWindsor castle. Kunyangwe mushure mekunge George Washington akunda mauto aGeorge muHondo yeRusununguko, mambo akataura kuWashington munaKurume 1797 se 'munhu mukuru wezera,' uye George paakasangana naJohn Adams muLondon munaJune 1785, akamuudza kuti, 'Ndichaita. taurai pachena kwamuri. Ndakanga ndiri wokupedzisira kubvuma kuparadzana [pakati peEngland nenyika dzaidzorwa]; asi kuparadzana kwaitwa, uye kwava kusingadzivisiki, ndagara ndichitaura, uye ndinotaura zvino, kuti ndaizova wokutanga kusangana noushamwari hweUnited States sesimba rakazvimirira.’ (Kusangana kwacho kwakanga kwakasiyana zvikuru neiyo inoratidzwa muchikamu ‘John Adams,’ umo Adams, anoridzwa naPaul Giamatti, anobatwa zvisina kufanira.) Sokujekesa kunoita aya mapepa ane simba, hapana Chimurenga cheAmerica kana kuti kukundwa kweBritain kunogona kupomerwa mhosva. George, akashanda semambo akadzorwa mubumbiro, achinyatsotevera zano remakurukota ake nevakuru vemauto. "
Asi zvino, chii chaimbove chinangwa chehondo yemhondi ine ropa? Nyika zhinji - kusanganisira Canada semuenzaniso wepedyo - vakawana rusununguko pasina hondo. MuUnited States, vanhu vanotaura kuti “madzibaba akavamba” akarwa hondo nokuda kworusununguko, asi kudai taigona kuva nebetsero dzose dzakafanana pasina hondo, ikoko kungadai kusina kuva kuri nani here kupfuura kuuraya makumi ezviuru zvavanhu?
Kare muna 1986, bhuku rakadhindwa nemukuru asina mhirizhonga Gene Sharp uye gare gare Virginia State Delegate David Toscano, nevamwe, vanonzi. Kupokana, Zvematongerwo enyika, uye Kurwira Kuzvimiririra kweAmerica, 1765-1775..
Mazuva iwayo haasi typo. Mumakore iwayo, vanhu veBritish makoroni vaizova United States vakashandisa mhirizhonga, misangano, kufora, mitambo yemitambo, kusateedzera, kurambidzwa kwekutengesa kunze uye kunze kwenyika, hurumende dzakafanana dzemutemo, kukwezva kweParamende, kuvharwa kwematare edzimhosva. uye mahofisi uye zviteshi, kuparadzwa kwezvitambi zvemitero, kudzidzisa kusingagumi uye kuronga, uye kuraswa kwetii muchiteshi chengarava - zvose kuti zvibudirire kuwana chiyero chikuru chekuzvimirira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Hondo yeIndependence isati yasvika. Mbatya dzinoruka pamba kuti dzirambe humambo hweBritain dzakaitwa mune ramangwana reUnited States kare Gandhi asati azviedza. Ko kuchikoro havakuudze izvozvo?
Vapambi havana kutaura nezvezviitiko zvavo mumashoko echiGandhi. Havana kufanofungidzira mhirizhonga. Dzimwe nguva vairityisidzira uye dzimwe nguva vairishandisa. Ivowo, zvinokatyamadza, vakataura nezvokuramba “uranda” kuEngland kunyange vachichengeta uranda chaihwo mu“Nyika Itsva.” Uye vakataura nezvekuvimbika kwavo kuna Mambo kunyange pavaishora mitemo yake.
Zvakadaro vakaramba mhirizhonga vachinzi haibatsire. Vakabvisa Stamp Act mushure mekunyatsoibvisa. Vakabvisa zvinenge zvese zveTownsend Mabasa. Makomiti avakaronga kuti vasimbise kurambana kwezvinhu zveBritish akasimbisawo kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu uye akagadzira kubatana kutsva kwenyika. Hondo dzeLexington neConcord dzisati dzatanga, varimi vekuWestern Massachusetts vaive vatora dzimba dzese dzedare nechisimba ndokuburitsa maBritish. Uye ipapo maBostonian akatendeukira kumhirizhonga, sarudzo isingade kuregererwa, zvishoma kukudzwa, asi iyo yaida chaizvo muvengi ane dhimoni.
Kunyange isu tichifungidzira kuti Hondo yeIraq yanga iri hondo yega yakatanga nenhema, tinokanganwa kuti Boston Massacre yakakanganiswa zvisingazivikanwe, kusanganisira mune yakanyorwa naPaul Revere yairatidza maBritish semabhucha. Isu tinodzima chokwadi chekuti Benjamin Franklin akagadzira fake nyaya ye Boston Independent umo maBritish aizvirumbidza nekuvhima ganda remusoro. Uye tinokanganwa chimiro chepamusoro chekupikisa kuBritain. Isu tinodonhedza pasi gomba reyeuko chokwadi chemazuva iwayo ekutanga kune vanhuwo zvavo vasina mazita. Howard Zinn akatsanangura:
"Munharaunda ye1776, vamwe vanhu vanokosha mumakoloni echiChirungu vakawana kuwanikwa kwaizoratidza zvakakosha kune makore maviri anotevera. Vakaona kuti nokusika rudzi, chiratidzo, kubatana kwepamutemo kunonzi United States, vaigona kutora nyika, pfuma, uye simba rezvematongerwe enyika kubva kune vanofarira zveBritain Empire. Muchiitiko ichi, vanogona kudzivisa huwandu hwevangangopandukira uye kugadzira kubvumirana kwekutsigirwa kwakakurumbira kwekutonga kwehutungamiri hutsva, hwakakosha. "
Kutaura idi, kumukira kwechisimba kusati kwaitika, pakanga pave pava nokumukira hurumende dzemakoloni ka18, kumukira kwevatema kutanhatu, uye mhirizhonga makumi mana. Vakuru vezvematongerwo enyika vakaona mukana wekudzorerazve hasha kuEngland. Varombo vaisazoita mhindu muhondo kana kuti kuwana mibayiro yayo yezvamatongerwe enyika vaifanira kumanikidzirwa nechisimba kuti varwe mairi. Vazhinji, kusanganisira vanhu vakaiswa muuranda, vakavimbisa rusununguko rwakakura nemaBritish, akasiiwa kana kushandura mativi.
Chirango chekukanganisa muContinental Army yaive shamhu zana. George Washington, murume akapfuma kwazvo muAmerica, paakatadza kugonesa Congress kuti ikwidze mutemo unosvika mazana mashanu eshamhu, akafunga kushandisa basa rakaoma sechirango, asi akasiya pfungwa iyi nekuti kushanda nesimba kwaisazosiyaniswa nebasa renguva dzose. iyo Continental Army. Varwi vakatizawo nokuti vaida zvokudya, zvokupfeka, pokugara, mishonga, nemari. Vakasaina kuti vabhadharwe, havana kubhadharwa, uye vakaisa mungozi kugara kwemhuri dzavo nekuramba vari muHondo vasina kubhadharwa. Vanenge zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvavo vakanga vasina chokwadi kana kuti vachipesana nechikonzero chavakanga vachirwira uye kutambura. Kupandukira kwakakurumbira, saShays 'Kumukira muMassachusetts, kwaizotevera kukunda kwechimurenga.
Saka, pamwe Chimurenga chechisimba chaisadiwa, asi kutenda kuti ndiko kunotibatsira kuti titende huwori huripo hwatiri kurarama mairi sechimwe chinhu chekududza "democracy" uye kutanga hondo yeapocalyptic kuChina. Saka, haungati munhu akafa pasina.
