Nhema: Hondo Ingori

Pfungwa yekuti hondo dzimwe nguva, kubva kudivi rimwe chete, inogona kunzi "kururamisira" inokurudzirwa mutsika dzekuMadokero nedzidziso yehondo chete, seti yedzidziso dzekare nedzisiri dzeumambo dzisingamiriri kuongororwa.

Yaiva hondo yekuwana zvose zvinongororwa zvehondo chete, kuitira kuti ive yakarurama, inofanirawo kupfuudza zvose zvinokonzerwa nekuchengetedza hurongwa hwehondo zvakapoteredza. Hazvingava zvakanaka pakupedzisira kuva nehondo yakarurama kana kugadzirira hondo uye hondo dzose dzisinganzwisisiki dzisina kururamisirwa dzakakurudzirwa nemagadziro iwayo zvakanyanya kukuvadza kupfuura hondo yakarurama yakaita zvakanaka. Nzvimbo yehondo, yezvokwadi, inokonzera ngozi ye nyukireya apocalypse. Ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Ndicho chikuru chakaparadza wezvakatipoteredza. Inonyanya kukanganisa kuburikidza nekuparadzanisa kwekubhadhara mari kubva kune zvinodiwa nevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza kudarika kuburikidza nechisimba. Ndiyo chete nzvimbo iyo mari yakakwana inogona kuwanikwa kuti iite chiito chakakomba chekuenderera kune miitiro yakagadzikana. Icho chinokonzera kukonzera kukodzero dzehurumende, uye mutungamiri anotungamirira wechisimba uye ruvengo uye kusarura mumatsika akakomberedza. Kuita zvechiuto kunobatsira mapurisa emunharaunda, uyewo pfungwa. Hondo yakarurama yaizova nemutoro unorema kuwedzera.

Asi hapana hondo chete inokwanisika. Zvimwe zvenguva yehondo dzidziso zvirevo zvadzo zvadzo, hazvigone kuyerwa zvachose, uye hazvigone kuzadzikiswa zvine chinangwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira "chinangwa chakarurama," "chikonzero chete," uye "kuenzana." Zvimwe hazvisi zvehunhu zvachose. Izvi zvinosanganisira "kuziviswa pachena" uye "kurwiwa nepamutemo uye kugona masimba." Asi zvimwe hazvigoneke kuti chero hondo isangane. Izvi zvinosanganisira "sarudzo yekupedzisira," "tarisiro ine musoro yekubudirira," "vasiri varwi vanodzivirirwa pakurwiswa," "mauto evavengi anokudzwa sevanhu," uye "vasungwa vehondo vanobatwa sevasiri varwi." Nzira imwe neimwe inokurukurwa mubhuku raDavid Swanson Hondo Haisati Yakwana. Ngatikurukurei pano imwe chete, inonyanya kufarirwa: "yekupedzisira sarudzo," yakatorwa mubhuku iro.

Last Resort

Icho chiri chechokwadi nhanho munzira kwayo kana tsika ichibva pachishuwo chakavhurika chaTheodore Roosevelt chehondo nyowani nekuda kwehondo, kune fungidziro yepasirese yekuti hondo yega yega uye inofanirwa kuve yekupedzisira nzira. Uku kunyepedzera kwese kwese ikozvino, zvekuti veruzhinji veUS vanongozvitora vasina kana kuudzwa. Chidzidzo chehunyanzvi munguva pfupi yadarika chakawana kuti veruzhinji veUS vanotenda kuti chero hurumende yeUS painofunga nezvehondo, inenge yatopedza zvimwe zvese mukana. Kana boka rekuenzanisira rikabvunzwa kana vaitsigira imwe hondo, uye boka rechipiri rakabvunzwa kana vaitsigira hondo iyoyo mushure mekuudzwa kuti dzimwe nzira dzese hadzina kunaka, uye rechitatu rakabvunzwa kana vaitsigira hondo iyoyo kunyangwe paivepo dzimwe nzira dzakanaka, mapoka maviri ekutanga akanyoresa chiyero chakafanana chekutsigira, nepo rutsigiro rwehondo rwakadonha zvakanyanya muboka rechitatu. Izvi zvakaita kuti vaongorori vafunge kuti kana dzimwe nzira dzikasataurwa, vanhu havafungi kuti zviriko - asi, vanhu vanofunga kuti vakatoyedzwa.[I]

Iko kwave nemakore kuve nekuedza kukuru muWashington, DC, kutanga hondo kuIran. Kumwe kwekumanikidza kukuru kwauya muna 2007 na2015. Dai iyo hondo yakatangwa chero nguva, hapana mubvunzo kuti ingadai yakatsanangurwa senzira yekupedzisira, kunyangwe sarudzo yekusangotanga kuti hondo yakasarudzwa pazviitiko zvakawanda. . Mu2013, Mutungamiriri weUS akatiudza nezve "yekupedzisira" nzira yekudaidzira chirongwa chikuru chebhomba kuSyria. Ipapo akadzorera danho rake, kunyanya nekuda kwekushora kweruzhinji. Zvakaratidza sarudzo ye kwete kuputika kweSiriya kwaive kuwanikwawo.

Fungidzira chidhakwa chaikwanisa kunwa doro rakawanda manheru ega ega uye aipika mangwanani ega ega kuti kunwa whiskey ndiyo yaive sarudzo yake yekupedzisira, akange asina sarudzo zvachose. Zviri nyore kufungidzira, pasina mubvunzo. Munhu akapindwa muropa anogara achizvipembedza, zvisinei kuti zvinofanira kuitwa zvisina musoro. Kutaura zvazviri, kunwa doro dzimwe nguva kunogona kukonzera pfari kana kufa. Asi kurega hondo kungaita izvozvo here? Fungidzira nyika umo munhu wese aitenda munhu wese akapindwa muropa, kusanganisira akapindwa muropa nehondo, uye vakataurirana nemoyo wese “Akanga asina imwe sarudzo. Chokwadi akanga aedza zvimwe zvose.” Hazvina musoro, ndizvo here? Zvinenge zvisingafungidziki, chaizvoizvo. Uye zvakadaro:

Inonyanya kutenda kuti United States iri muhondo muSiria sechisarudzo chekupedzisira, kunyange zvazvo:

• IUnited States yakapedza makore akawanda isingaiti UN ichiedza kuita rugare muSiria.[Ii]
• IUnited States yakabudisa sangano reRussia runyararo rweSiriya mu2012.[Iii]
• Uye apo United States ichiti mhirizhonga yebhomba yaidiwa pakarepo se "sarudzo yekupedzisira" mu2013 asi vanhu vemuUnited States vaipikisa zvakashata, mamwe maitiro akashandiswa.

Muna 2015, nhengo zhinji dzeUS Congress dzakataura kuti chibvumirano chenyukireya neIran chaifanira kurambwa uye Iran yakarwiswa senzira yekupedzisira. Hapana kutaurwa kwakaitwa nezve Iran ye2003 yekupa kutaurirana chirongwa chayo chenyukireya, kupihwa kwakange kwakurumidza kusekwa neUnited States.

Inonyanya kutenda kuti United States iri kuuraya vanhu vane drones senzira yekupedzisira, kunyange zvazvo mune zvishoma zvedambudziko umo United States inoziva mazita evanhu inenge ichida, vazhinji (uye chaizvoizvo vose) ingadai yakange iri zviri nyore kusungwa.[Iv]

Zvaitendwa zvakawandisa kuti United States yakauraya Osama bin Laden senzira yekupedzisira, kudzamara avo vaibatanidzwa vakabvuma kuti mutemo we "kuuraya kana kubata" hauna kunyatso sanganisira chero kubatwa (kusunga) uye kuti bin Laden anga asina zvombo paakange ari akaurayiwa.[V]

Zvaitendwa nevazhinji kuti United States yakarova Libya mu2011, yakapidigura hurumende yayo, uye yakakonzera mhirizhonga yedunhu senzira yekupedzisira, kunyangwe munaKurume 2011 African Union yaive nehurongwa hwerunyararo muLibya asi yakadzivirirwa neNATO, kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwe "isina nhunzi nzvimbo" uye kutanga kwemabhomba, kuenda kuLibya kunozvikurukura. Muna Kubvumbi, African Union yakakwanisa kukurukura nezvehurongwa hwayo nemutungamiri weLibya, Muammar Gaddafi, uye akataura chibvumirano chake.[vi] NATO yakanga yawana kodzero yeUnited States yekudzivirira vaRibhia vaiti vari pangozi, asi yakanga isina mvumo yekuenderera mberi nechisimba munyika kana kuparadza hurumende.

Chero ani zvake anoshanda, uye anoda kuenderera mberi achishanda, guru re media reUnited States rinotaura kuti United States yakarwisa Iraq mu2003 sechisarudzo chekupedzisira kana rudzi rwezvairehwa, kana chimwe chinhu, kunyange zvazvo:

• Mutungamiri weUnited States akanga atora zvirongwa zvejambamera kuti hondo itange.[vii]
• Hurumende yeIraq yakanga yaenda kuCIA Vincent Cannistraro nechikumbiro chekuti mauto eU.S. atsvage nyika yese.[viii]
• Hurumende yeIraqi yakazvipira kugadzirisa kusarudzwa kwenyika munyika mukati memakore maviri.[ix]
• Hurumende yeIraqi yakapa chibhadharo kumushandi weBush Richard Perle kuti azarurire nyika yose kuti aongorore, kuti ape mumiririri muZimbabwe bhomba reHorld Trade Centre, kuti abatsire kurwisana nehugandanga, uye kufarira makambani eUnited States.[x]
• Mutungamiri weIraq akapa, munhoroondo iyo mutungamiri weSpain aipiwa nemutungamiri weUnited States, kuti abve muIraq kana akakwanisa kuchengeta $ 1 bhiriyoni.[xi]
• IUnited States nguva dzose yaive nechisarudzo chokungotanga kutanga imwe hondo.

Vazhinji munhu wese anofungidzira kuti United States yakapinda muAfghanistan mu2001 uye yakagara imomo kubvira zvakateedzana "nzvimbo dzekupedzisira dzekugara," kunyangwe ivo veTaliban vakadzokorora kudzosera bin Laden kune imwe nyika yechitatu kuti vatongwe, al Qaeda haina kuvepo kwakakosha muAfghanistan kwenguva yakawanda yehondo, uye kubvisa kwave kuri sarudzo chero nguva.[xii]

Vazhinji vanotsigira kuti United States yakaenda kunorwa neIraq muna1990-1991 se "sarudzo yekupedzisira," kunyangwe hazvo hurumende yeIraq yakanga ichida kutaurirana nezvekubviswa muKuwait pasina hondo uye pakupedzisira yakapa kuti vangobve muKuwait mukati memavhiki matatu pasina mamiriro. Mambo weJorodhani, Pope, Mutungamiriri weFrance, Mutungamiriri weSoviet Union, nevamwe vazhinji vakakurudzira kugadzikana kwakadaro, asi White House yakaramba ichifunga "kwekupedzisira".[xiii]

Kunyangwe kuisa mararamiro evanhu akawanda anowedzera kuvengana, kupa zvombo, uye kupa simba hurumende dzekutonga, pamwe nekutaurirana kwenhema kunofanirwa kutungamira panzvimbo pokudzivisa hondo, nhoroondo yehondo yeUnited States inogona kutarirwa kumashure kwemazana emakore senhau yezvikamu zvisingaperi yemikana yehugare yakanyatsodzivirirwa pamatambudziko ose.

Mexico yakanga yakagadzirira kutaurirana kutengesa kwehafu yayo yekuchamhembe, asi United States yaida kuitora kuburikidza nechiito chekuuraya vakawanda. Spain yaida nyaya yacho Maine kuenda kunopokana kwenyika dzese, asi iyo US yaida hondo nehumambo. Soviet Union yakaronga kutaurirana kwerunyararo Hondo yeKorea isati yaitika. United States yakaparadza zvirevo zverunyararo zveVietnam kubva kuVietnamese, maSoviet, nemaFrance, vachimanikidza "nzira yekupedzisira" pamusoro peimwe sarudzo, kubva pazuva iro Gulf yeTonkin yakaraira hondo kunyangwe isina kumboitika.[xiv]

Kana iwe ukatarisa kuburikidza nehondo dzakaringana, iwe unowana zvakangofanana zviitiko zvakashandiswa pane imwe nguva sechirevo chehondo uye pane imwe chiitiko chisina chinhu cherudzi. Mutungamiri George W. Bush vakakurudzira Mutungamiriri weUK UK Tony Blair kuti kutora pfuti yeU2 kunogona kuvapinza muhondo yavaida.[xv] Asi apo Soviet Union ikarova ndege yeU2, Mutungamiri Dwight Eisenhower haana kutanga hondo.

Hongu, hongu, hongu, mumwe anogona kupindura, mazana ehondo chaidzo uye dzisina kururamisira hadzisi dzekupedzisira nzvimbo dzekugara, kunyangwe ivo vatsigiri vavo vachiti chinzvimbo chavo. Asi dzidziso Hondo Yekupedzisira ichave yekupedzisira sarudzo. Zvingadaro here? Panogona kuve pasina imwe sarudzo mutsika yakaenzana kana yepamusoro? Allman naWinright vanotaura zvakataurwa naPapa John Paul II nezve "basa rekutora zvombo muhondo iyi kana dzimwe nzira dzikaratidza kuti hadzina basa." Asi "kudzora zvombo" ndizvo chaizvo zvakaenzana ne "bhomba kana kupinda"? Isu takaona hondo dzakatangwa dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzinobvisa zvombo, uye mhedzisiro yave zvombo zvakawanda kupfuura nakare kose Ko kurega kusimba seimwe nzira inogoneka yekudzimbura? Zvakadini nedzimwe nyika dzakasununguka zvombo? Ko zvakadini nezvehupfumi nezvimwe zvinokurudzira kuti usaputira?

Pakanga pasina nguva apo kubhomba muRwanda kwaizove "nzira yekupedzisira" yetsika. Paive nenguva apo mapurisa ane zvombo angave akabatsira, kana kucheka radio radio ichishandiswa kumutsa kuuraya kunogona kunge kwakabatsira. Paive nenguva zhinji apo vashandi vasina rugare vaisabatsira. Paive nenguva apo kubvunza kuzvidavirira kwekuurawa kwemutungamiri wenyika kwaizobatsira. Paive nemakore matatu izvi zvisati zvaitika apo kurega kudzora ruoko nekupa mari kuuraya vekuUganda kwaizobatsira.

"Yekupedzisira sarudzo" zvirevo zvinowanzove zvisina kusimba kana munhu achifungidzira kufamba achidzoka munguva kusvika panguva yedambudziko, asi zvine simba kushomeka kana munhu akangofungidzira achidzokera kumberi zvishoma. Vazhinji vanhu vanoedza kururamisa Hondo Yenyika II kupfuura Hondo Yenyika I, kunyangwe zvazvo imwe yadzo ingadai isina kumboitika pasina imwe kana isina nzira isingafungi yekuipedza, izvo zvakatungamira vazhinji vaiona panguva iyoyo kufanotaura Hondo Yenyika II nekururama kwakakosha. . Kana kurwisa ISIS muIraq ikozvino iri "nzira yekupedzisira" zvinongoitika nekuda kwehondo yakawedzera muna 2003, izvo zvingadai zvisina kuitika pasina Hondo yekutanga yeGulf, iyo ingadai isina kuitika pasina kubata ruoko uye kutsigira Saddam Hussein muhondo yeIran-Iraq, uye zvichingodaro zvichidaro kuburikidza nemazana emakore. Ehe kusaruramisira zvikonzero zvematambudziko hazviite kuti zvese zvisarudzo zvitsva zvisaruramisike, asi zvinoratidza kuti mumwe munhu ane imwe pfungwa kunze kweyehondo yakawanda ngaapindire mukutenderera kwekuparadza kwekuzviruramisa dambudziko dambudziko.

Kunyangwe panguva yedambudziko, ichokwadi here kukurumidzira dambudziko sekutaura kwevatsigiri vehondo? Ichokwadi here kuti nguva iriko pano kunze kwekutambudza kufunga kwekuedza? Allman naWinright vanopa rondedzero yedzimwe nzira dzehondo dzinofanirwa kunge dzakapedzwa kuti hondo ive sarudzo yekupedzisira: "zvirango zvine hungwaru, kuyedza kwehukama, kutaurirana kwevanhu vechitatu, kana chirevo chekupedzisira."[xvi] Ndizvo? Urongwa urwu nderwe runyorwa ruzere rweimwe nzira dzinowanikwa izvo National Public Radio inoratidza "Zvinhu Zvese Zvinofungidzirwa" kune zvese zvinhu. Ivo vanofanirwa kuitazve zita "Peresenti Mbiri yezvinhu Inofungidzirwa." Gare gare, Allman naWinright vanotora chirevo chekuti kupidigura hurumende kune moyo munyoro pane "kuva" nazvo. Iyi nharo, vanyori vanochengetedza, zvinopesana ne "pacifist uye yazvino varwi vehondo theorists zvakafanana." Zvinodaro? Ndeipi sarudzo yaive iyo miviri miviri yainzi yaifarira? "Containment"? Iyo haisi nzira ine runyararo uye zvirokwazvo haisi iyo chete imwe nzira yehondo.

Kana nyika ikarwiswa uye ikasarudza kurwira kuzvidzivirira, ingadai isina nguva yezvirango uye imwe neimwe yesarudzo dzakanyorwa. Izvo zvaisatombove nenguva yekutsigirwa nedzidzo kubva kuJust War theorists. Zvaizongozviwana zvadzo zvichirwira. Iyo nzvimbo yeiyo Just Hondo dzidziso yekushandira mairi, saka, zvirinani muchikamu chikuru, idzo hondo idzo chinhu chakapfupika kuzvidzivirira, idzo hondo dzino "prerepive," "kudzivirira," "kudzivirira," nezvimwe.

Nhanho yekutanga kubva kubva kuzvidzivirira ihondo yakatangwa kudzivirira kurwiswa kuri pedyo. Iyo Obama Administration ine, mumakore achangopfuura, yakatsanangudza "iri padyo" kureva dzidziso inokwanisika rimwe zuva. Ivo vakabva vataura kuti vari kuuraya nedrones chete vanhu vakaita "iri padyo nekuenderera mberi kutyisidzira kuUnited States." Ehezve, dai zvaive padhuze pasi petsananguro yakajairwa, zvaisazoenderera, nekuti zvaizoitika.

Heino nzira yakatsoropodza kubva kuDhipatimendi Rezvemitemo "White Paper" inotsanangura "yava pedyo"

"[T] akaronga kuti mutungamiri anoshanda aratidze 'pedyo' kutyisidzira kuUnited States hakudi kuti United States ive neuchapupu hwakajeka hwekuti kurwiswa kwevanhu veUS uye zvido zvavo zvichaitika munguva pfupi iri kutevera. ”[xvii]

George W. Bush Administration yakaona zvinhu nenzira yakafanana. Sangano reNational Security Strategy ra2002 rinoti: “Tinoziva kuti kuzvidzivirira kwedu kwakanaka imhosva.”[xviii] Ichokwadi, izvi ndezvechokwadi, sezvo hondo dzinotyisa dzinokurudzira ruvengo. Asi zvinotendeseka zvakare.

Pane imwe nguva patinenge tichitaura nezvezvisinga dziviriri zvehondo zvirevo, nezvematambudziko umo munhu ane nguva yezvirango, kudyidzana, uye mhedzisiro, imwe zvakare ine nguva yezvimwe zvese zvezvimwe zvinhu. Mikana ingangosanganisira: kusagadzikana (kusapfeka zvombo) kudzivirirwa kwevanhu - kuzivisa sangano rekusagadzikana kuita chero basa rakaedzwa, kuratidzira kwepasirese uye kuratidzira, zvirevo zvekudzivirira zvombo, kuzivisa kusabatana kwezvematongerwo enyika, kuratidzira kwehukama kusanganisira rubatsiro, kutora gakava kumhan'arira kana dare, kuunganidza komisheni yechokwadi uye yekuyananisa, nhaurirano dzekudzoreredza, hutungamiriri nemuenzaniso kuburikidza nekubatana nezvisungo zvinosunga kana International Criminal Court kana kuburikidza nekutonga pasi rose Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, kudyidzana kwevanhu, kubatana kwetsika, uye kusagadzikana kwechisimba kwezvakasiyana siyana.

Asi zvakadiniko kana isu tichifungidzira chaiyo inodzivirira hondo, kungave kunotyisa asi kuseka zvisingaite kurwisa kweUnited States, kana Hondo yeUS inoonekwa kubva kune rimwe divi? Izvo zvaingova zveVietnamese kuti vazvirwire? Izvo zvaingova zvevaIraq kuti vazvirwire? Et cetera. (Ndiri kureva izvi kusanganisira mamiriro ekurwiswa kwenyika chaiyo yeUnited States, kwete kurwiswa, semuenzaniso, mauto eUS muSyria. Sezvandinonyora, hurumende yeUnited States iri kutyisidzira "kudzivirira" mauto ayo mu Siriya inofanira hurumende yeSyria "kuvarwisa".)

Mhinduro mhomanana yemubvunzo iwoyo ndeyokuti kana murwisi angadai akadzivisa, hapana chekuzvidzivirira chingadai chaidiwa. Kutsiva kurwisana nehondo dzeUnited States kusvika kune chikonzero chekuwedzera mari yekushandiswa kweuto rekuAmerica kunokanganisa kunyange kune K Street lobbyist.

Mhinduro yakati rebei zvishoma ndeyekuti kazhinji harisi iro basa rakakodzera kune mumwe munhu akazvarwa uye achigara muUnited States kuraira vanhu vanogara pasi pemabhomba eUS kuti vanofanirwa kuyedza kusagadzikana.

Asi mhinduro kwayo yakanyanya kuomarara pane imwe yeaya. Mhinduro inova yakajeka kana tikatarisa kuvhozhokera kwekunze uye kumukira / hondo dzevagari vemo. Kune zvimwe zvekupedzisira zvekutarisa, uye kune mimwe mienzaniso yakasimba yekunongedzera. Asi chinangwa chedzidziso, kusanganisira Anti-Just-Hondo dzidziso, inofanirwa kunge iri yekubatsira kuburitsa mimwe mienzaniso-yepasirese yemhedzisiro mhedzisiro, senge mukushandisa kwekusaita zvechisimba kurwisa kwevekunze.

Zvidzidzo zvakaita saErica Chenoweth zvakagadza kuti kusagadzikana kwechisimba kuudzvanyiriri kuri mukana wekubudirira, uye kubudirira kwacho kunonyanya kugara, pane kupokana nechisimba.[xix] Saka kana tikatarisa chimwe chinhu senge yechisimba yekuchinja muTunisia mu2011, tinogona kuona kuti inosangana nematanho akawanda seimwewo mamiriro ehondo yeRuramisiro, kunze kwekuti yanga isiri hondo zvachose. Mumwe haangadzokere kumashure munguva uye kupokana nezano risingaite kuti ribudirire asi rinogona kukonzera marwadzo mazhinji nerufu. Zvichida kuita izvi kunogona kuita nharo yeHondo yeHondo. Zvichida nharo yeHurumende yeHurumende ingatoitwe, anachronistically, kune 2011 US "kupindira" kuunza democracy kuTunisia (kunze kwekusakwanisa kweUnited States kuita chinhu chakadai, uye nenjodzi yakavimbiswa ingadai yakaguma). Asi kana iwe uchinge waita shanduko pasina kuuraya nekufa kwese, hazvichakwanise kutaura kuuraya nekufa kwese - kwete kana chiuru cheGeneva Konferensi dzakagadzirwa, uye zvisinei nekukanganisa kwekusaita zvechisimba kubudirira.

Pasinei nokushayikwa kwechimiro chemienzaniso kusvika ikozvino yekusagadzikana kwekudzivirira kune dzimwe nyika basa, kune avo vatotanga kutora muenzaniso wekubudirira. Heino Stefani Zunes:

"Kusagadzikana kwekusagadzikana kwakabudirirawo kupikisa basa remauto kunze kwenyika. Munguva yekutanga intifada yePalestina muZ1980s, vazhinji vevanhu vakadzingwa vakakwanisa kuburikidza vakava masangano ekuzvitonga kuburikidza nehukuru husina basa uye kusikwa kwezvimwe zvikoro, vachimanikidzira Israeri kubvumira kusikwa kwePalestine Authority uye kuzvidzora kwevakawanda vemaguta nzvimbo dzeWest Bank. Kusagadziriswa kushorwa muHarare yeSahara yakamanikidza Maroc kupa sarudzo yekuzvimirira-iyo ichiri kuwira pasi pfupi neMorocco kusungirwa kwekupa Sahrawis kodzero yavo yekuzvitsvakira-zvingangozivikanwa kuti ndima yacho haisi imwe chikamu cheMorocco.

“Mumakore ekupedzisira ekutapa kweGerman Denmark neNorway munguva yeWWII, maNazi aisakwanisa kudzora huwandu hwevanhu. Lithuania, Latvia, neEstonia vakazvisunungura kubva mukutora kweSoviet kuburikidza nekurwisa kusagadzikana pamberi pokuwa kweUSSR. MuRebhanoni, nyika yakaparadzwa nehondo kwemakumi emakore, makore makumi matatu ekutonga kweSyria kwakapera kuburikidza nekumukira kukuru, kusine chisimba muna 2005. Uye gore rapfuura, Mariupol rakava iro guta rakakura kupfuura ose kusunungurwa kubva mukutonga nevapanduki vanotsigirwa neRussia muUkraine. , kwete nokubhomba uye kurwa kwemauto nemauto eUkraine, asi zviuru zvevashandi vesimbi vasina zvombo zvavakafora murunyararo munzvimbo dzavaigara dzedhorobha uye vachidzinga vaparadzanisi vaive nezvombo. ”[xx]

Imwe inogona kutarisa zvingave mune mienzaniso yakawanda yekurwisa vaNazi, uye mukurwisana kweGermany kuFrance kunopinda muRuhr mu1923, kana kuti zvichida mukubudirira kwepanguva imwe yePhilippine uye kubudirira kunogara kuripo kweEcuador mukudzinga mauto eUnited States , uye zvechokwadi muenzaniso weGandhi wekutora maBritish kunze kweIndia. Asi mienzaniso yakawanda yakawanda yekusagadzikana kwekusagadzikana kwekutambudzwa kwemuzinda inopawo mutungamiri wezvinoitika mune ramangwana.

Kuve netsika dzakanaka, kusagadzikana kwekusagadzikana kwekurwisana kwechokwadi hakufaniri kuonekwa kuti inogona kubudirira kupfuura kupindura kwechisimba. Inongoda chete kuonekwa sechinhu chiduku kune imwe nguva. Nokuti kana ikabudirira ichaita saizvozvo pasina kukuvadza, uye kubudirira kwayo kuchave kwakanyanya kuitika.

Mukushaikwa kwekurwiswa, apo zvirevo zviri kuitwa kuti hondo inofanira kutanga se "yekupedzisira sarudzo," mhinduro dzisina mhirizhonga dzinongoda kungooneka zvine musoro. Kunyangwe mune iyo mamiriro, ivo vanofanirwa kuyedzwa vasati vatangisa hondo inogona kunzi "yekupedzisira sarudzo." Asi nekuti ivo havaperi mukusiyana uye vanogona kuyedzwa vakadzokororwazve, pasi pemafungiro akafanana, imwe haifi yakazosvika panguva yekurwisa imwe nyika iri yekupedzisira sarudzo.

Kana iwe uchikwanise kuita izvozvo, chigadziro chetsika chaizoramba chichida kuti zvinofungidzirwa zvibatsiro zvehondo yako zvinopfuura zvose zvakakanganisika zvakaitwa nekuchengetedza hurongwa hwehondo.

Ona Iyo Inokura Rondedzero Yezvakabudirira Zvisizvo Zvisizvo Zviito Zvinoshandiswa Panzvimbo Yehondo.