Murimi Jim Mudiki anonongedzera kune silo inokandwa panyika yake padyo neHarrisburg muBanner County. Vadiki nevamwe varidzi veminda vakaodzwa mwoyo nedanho reMhepo rekurambidza mawimbi emhepo mukati memakiromita maviri emugungwa kubva kune aya masaramusi echikafu - sarudzo yakambomira uye inogona kupedza chirongwa chikuru chesimba remhepo munhoroondo yeNebraska. Mufananidzo naFletcher Halfaker weFlatwater Yemahara Press.
Natalia Alamdari, Flatwater Yemahara Press, September 22, 2022
PEDYO NEHARRISBURG–MuBanner County yakaoma mapfupa, makore etsvina anonyura mudenga sematirakita ari kurira kusvika paivhu rakatsva nezuva.
Mune mimwe minda, pasi pachiri pakaoma zvekuti panotanga kudyara gorosi remuchando.
“Aka ndekekutanga muupenyu hwangu kuti ndisakwanisa kupinza gorosi muvhu,” akadaro Jim Young, akamira mumunda wava nemakore 80 ari mumhuri yake. “Tinowana mvura shoma. Uye tinowana mhepo yakawanda. "
Imwe yemhepo yakanakisa yenyika, chokwadi.
Ndosaka makore gumi nematanhatu apfuura, makambani esimba remhepo akatanga kupfimba varidzi veminda vachikwira nekudzika County Road 16 kuchamhembe kweKimball - yakadzika yepepuru smear kuburikidza neNebraska Panhandle pamamepu ekumhanya kwemhepo. Chiratidzo chemhepo yakakwirira, yakavimbika.
Nemaeka angangoita 150,000 akarejeswa nemakambani emagetsi, dunhu iri rine vanhu mazana matanhatu nemakumi maviri nevashanu vakamira vakagadzirira kuve musha kune akawanda anosvika mazana matatu emagetsi emhepo.
Ingadai iri purojekiti huru yemhepo mudunhu, ichiunza mari zhinji kune varidzi veminda, vanogadzira, zvikoro zvemuruwa uye zvemuno.
Asi zvadaro, mugwagwa usingatarisirwi: Iyo US Air Force.
Mepu yemasaramusi silos pasi pekurinda kweFE Warren Air Force Base muCheyenne. Madonhwe egirinhi zvivakwa zvekutangisa, uye madoti epepuru inzvimbo yekuzivisa missile. Kune 82 missile silos uye zvipfumbamwe zvivharo zvekunyevera zvivakwa kumadokero kweNebraska, mutauriri weAir Force akadaro. FE Warren Air Force Base.
Pasi peminda ine huruva yeBanner County pane akawanda makombora enyukireya. Yakavakirwa mumasara emauto akachera anopfuura tsoka zana pasi, zvisaririra zveCold War zvakavandira kumaruwa eAmerica, chikamu chedziviriro yenyukireya yenyika.
Kwemakumi emakore, zvivakwa zvirefu zvakaita sematurbine emhepo zvaida kuva chinhambwe chemamaira kubva kumasara ezvombo.
Asi kutanga kwegore rino, mauto akachinja mutemo.
Imwe yeakawanda missile silos ari muBanner County. Mazhinji emasilo akarongwa mugwara regridhi uye akaparadzana anenge mamaira matanhatu akaparadzana. Yakaiswa pano panguva ye1960s, iyo Air Force silos, iyo inochengeta zvombo zvenyukireya, ikozvino iri kukanganisa hombe simba remhepo chirongwa. Mufananidzo naFletcher Halfaker weFlatwater Yemahara Press
Zvino, ivo vakati, maturbines haakwanise kunge ari mukati memakiromita maviri emugungwa kubva kumasara. Shanduko iyi yakatonga maeka emakambani emagetsi epasi akange atora kubva kuvagari venzvimbo - uye akakunda mhepo inogona kubva kune vakawanda vevarimi vakamirira makore gumi nematanhatu kuti maturbine ave echokwadi.
Iyo yakamiswa Banner County purojekiti yakasarudzika, asi ndiyo imwezve nzira iyo Nebraska inotamburira kushandisa yayo huru inovandudzwa simba rekushandisa.
Nebraska ine mhepo ine mhepo yechisere munyika mune simba remhepo, sekureva kwehurumende yemubatanidzwa. Kubuda kwesimba remhepo munyika kwakavandudzika zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura. Asi Nebraska inoramba ichisaririra kumashure kwevavakidzani veColorado, Kansas neIowa, vese vave vatungamiriri venyika mumhepo.
Mapurojekiti eBanner County angadai akakura mhepo yeNebraska ne25%. Izvozvi hazvizivikanwe kuti mangani maturbine achagoneka nekuda kwekuchinja kwekutonga kweAir Force.
“Ichi chingave chinhu chikuru kuvarimi vakawanda. Uye chingadai chiri chibvumirano chakatokura kune wese muridzi wezvivakwa muBanner County, "Young akadaro. “Imhondi chete. Handizivi kuti ndingazvitaura sei zvakare."
KURARAMA NUKES
John Jones aityaira tirakita yake pasina kwaaibva, zvikopokopo zvakapfuura nemumusoro. Tarakita yake yakanga yarova huruva zvekuti inokwanisa kufambisa ma detectors echikasha chepfuti.
Jeep dzakamhanya uye varume vaiva nezvombo vakasvetukira panze kuti vaongorore tyisidziro yaigona kuitika.
"Ndakaramba ndichirima," Jones akadaro.
Vanhu veBanner County vakagarisana nema missile silos kubvira kuma1960s. Kuti ienderane nehunyanzvi hweSoviet nyukireya, US yakatanga kudyara mazana emakomba munzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzenyika, ichivamisa kuti vapfure pamusoro peNorth Pole uye kupinda muSoviet Union munguva pfupi.
Tom May anoongorora kukura kwegorosi rake richangodyarwa. May, uyo ave nemakore anodarika 40 achirima kuBanner County, anoti gorosi rake harisati rambokanganiswa nekusanaya kwemvura sezvariri kuita gore rino. May, anga aita chibvumirano nemakambani esimba remhepo kuti abvumire maturbine emhepo kuti aiswe panzvimbo yake, anoti shanduko yekutonga kweAir Force ikozvino haitenderi turbine imwe chete yemhepo panyika yake. Mufananidzo naFletcher Halfaker weFlatwater Yemahara Press
Nhasi, kune masirosi akabviswa akapararira muNebraska yose. Asi 82 silos muPanhandle achiri kushanda uye anodzorwa 24/7 neAir Force crews.
Mazana mana emakondinendi e-intercontinental ballistic missile - ICBMs - akacherwa muvhu kuchamhembe kweColorado, kumadokero kweNebraska, Wyoming, North Dakota neMontana. Zvombo zvinokandwa zvinorema makirogiramu 80,000 6,000 zvinogona kubhururuka mamaira 20 XNUMX munguva isingasviki hafu yeawa uye zvinokuvadza zvakapetwa kaXNUMX kupfuura mabhomba akadonhedzwa paHiroshima muHondo Yenyika II.
“Kana tikambobhombwa vanoti ndiko kutanga kwavachabhomba nekuda kwematura atakawana muno,” akadaro murimi Tom May.
Yese acre yezvivakwa zvaMay inogara mukati memamaira maviri eiyo missile silo. Pasi pekutonga kutsva kweAir Force, haakwanise kuisa turbine imwe yemhepo pasi pake.
Vagadziri vemagetsi emhepo vakatanga kuuya kuBanner County makore angangosvika gumi nematanhatu apfuura - varume vakapfeka polos nemabhuruku ehembe vakaita musangano weveruzhinji wevaridzi veminda vanofarira pachikoro muHarrisburg.
Banner yaive neyainzi nevagadziri "mhepo yepasi rose." Varidzi veminda vazhinji vaive nechido - kusaina maeka avo kwakauya nevimbiso yemadhora zviuru gumi nezvishanu pa turbine pagore. Maturbines aya aizopinzawo mari muhurongwa hwekanzuru neyechikoro, vakadaro vakuru vekanzuru nevakuru vekambani.
"MuBanner County, zvingadai zvakadzikisa mitero yezvivakwa kuti isvike chero chinhu," Young akadaro vakaudzwa.
Pakupedzisira, makambani maviri - Invenergy neOrion Renewable Energy Group - vakapedzisa zvirongwa zvekuisa ma turbines emhepo muBanner County.
Zvidzidzo zvekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza zvakapedzwa. Zvibvumirano, marendi uye zvibvumirano zvakasainwa.
Orion yakanga ine 75 kusvika ku100 turbines yakarongwa, uye yaitarisira kuva neprojekti inoshanda mugore rino.
Invenergy yaizogadzira maturbine anosvika mazana maviri. Kambani iyi yakanga yakwanisa kuwana zvikwereti zvemutero zvehurumende kuti itange chirongwa ichi uye yakanga yatodira makongiri paizogarwa neturbine, ichiafukidza nevhu kuitira kuti varimi vashandise ivhu kusvikira kuvaka kwatanga.
Asi nhaurirano nemauto kutanga muna 2019 dzakaunza mapurojekiti kumisa.
Mhepo turbines inoisa "yakakosha njodzi yekuchengetedza ndege," mutauriri weAir Force akadaro mune email. Iwo maturbine akange asipo pakavakwa silos. Izvozvi zvavaona nzvimbo yekumaruwa, Mauto eMhepo akati aifanira kuongororazve mitemo yawo yekudzosera kumashure. Nhamba yekupedzisira yayakagadzika pairi yaive mamaira maviri emugungwa - 2.3 mamaira panyika - kuitira kuti zvikopokopo dzisapunzike panguva yemadutu kana madutu.
Chinhambwe chaive chakakosha kuchengetedza vashandi vendege panguva ye "maitiro ekuchengetedza zuva nezuva, kana maitiro akaomarara ekupindura, tichigara pamwe nevamwe vedu vekuAmerica vane uye vanoshanda ivhu rakatenderedza zvivakwa izvi zvakakosha," mutauri akadaro.
Muna Chivabvu, vakuru vemauto vakafamba kubva kuWyoming's FE Warren Air Force Base kunoparura nhau kune varidzi veminda. Pane purojekita yepamusoro paKimball's Sagebrush Restaurant, vakaratidza mapikicha akakurisa ezvinoonekwa nevatyairi veherikoputa kana vachibhururuka pedyo nematurbine mudutu rechando.
Kune vazhinji varidzi veminda, nhau dzakauya sechishuwo. Vati vanotsigira kuchengetedzwa kwenyika uye kuchengetedza nhengo dzebasa dzakachengeteka. Asi vanoshamisika kuti: Chinhambwe chakapetwa kasere chinodiwa here?
“Havana ivhu iroro. Asi kamwe kamwe, vane simba rekurova zvese pasi, vachitiudza zvatinokwanisa nezvatisingakwanise kuita,” akadaro Jones. “Chatinoda kuita chete kutaurirana. 4.6 mamaira [dhayamita] kuresa kwazvo, sekuona kwangu.”
Off County Road 19, ketani yekubatanidza fenzi inoparadzanisa missile silo yekupinda kubva kune yakatenderedza purazi. Vadiki vanopaka mhiri kwemugwagwa uye vanonongedza pamusoro pechikomo kune meteorological tower yakaiswa nekambani yemagetsi.
Kune mahekita eminda yekurima pakati peiyo missile silo neshongwe. Shongwe Yechidiki irikunongedza inoratidzika semutsara mudiki pamhene, pamusoro nechiedza chitsvuku chinopenya.
"Paunokwanisa kudzika helikopta pamusoro pechero chipatara chiri munyika, vari kuti izvi zvave padyo," Young akadaro, achinongedza silo yekupotsera uye shongwe iri kure. "Iye zvino unoziva kuti sei takagumbuka, handiti?"
MHEPO SIMBA KUNINA, ASI KUCHIRI KUREGA
Nebraska yakavaka maturbine ayo ekutanga emhepo muna 1998 - shongwe mbiri kumadokero kweSpringview. Yakamisikidzwa neNebraska Public Power District, vaviri ava vaive muedzo wehurumende iyo muvakidzani wayo Iowa anga achisimudzira simba remhepo kubva kutanga kwema1980.
Mepu yezvivakwa zvemhepo muNebraska inoratidza kumhanya kwemhepo mudunhu rese. Bhandi repepuru rakasviba rekucheka Banner County nepakati rinoratidza kwakaenda mapurojekiti maviri emhepo. Nekuda kweNebraska Department of Environment and Energy
Pakazosvika 2010, Nebraska yaive yechi25 munyika pakugadzira simba rinogadzirwa nemhepo - pasi pepaki pakati pemhepo ine mhepo yeGreat Plains.
Zvikonzero zvinokonzeresa lag zvaive zvakasiyana Nebraskan. Nebraska ndiyo yega nyika inoshandirwa zvizere nezvishandiso zveveruzhinji, inosungirwa kuendesa magetsi akachipa anokwanisika.
Federal tax credits yemapurazi emhepo inongoshandiswa kune yakazvimirira yega. Nehuwandu hudiki, magetsi atove akachipa uye kuwana kushomeka kwetambo dzekufambisa, Nebraska yakashaya musika wekuita kuti simba remhepo rive rakakosha.
Makore gumi emutemo akabatsira kuchinja iyo calculus. Zvishandiso zveveruzhinji zvakabvumidzwa kutenga magetsi kubva kune vagadziri vemhepo vega. Mutemo wenyika wakatsausa mitero yakaunganidzwa kubva kuvagadziri vemhepo kudzokera kudunhu nedunhu rechikoro - chikonzero icho maBanner mhepo mapurazi angave akadzikisa mitero yevagari vedunhu.
Ikozvino, Nebraska ine maturbine emhepo akakwana ekugadzira 3,216 megawatts, ichienda kune gumi neshanu munyika.
Kukura zvine mwero, nyanzvi dzakati. Asi nemutemo mutsva wemubatanidzwa unokurudzira mhepo uye simba rezuva, uye matunhu matatu makuru eNebraska ehurumende anozvipira kuenda kune kabhoni asina kwaakarerekera, simba remhepo mudunhu rinotarisirwa kukurumidza.
Chipingamupinyi chikuru ikozvino chingave maNebraskans asingade maturbine emhepo mumatunhu avo.
Iwo maturbine maeyero ane ruzha, vamwe vanodaro. Pasina federal tax credits, haisi iyo nzira yezvemari yekugadzira magetsi, akadaro Tony Baker, mubatsiri wemutemo weSen. Tom Brewer.
MunaEpril, Otoe County Commissioners vakaisa gore rimwe chete kumisa mapurojekiti emhepo. MuGage County, vakuru vakuru vakapfuudza zvirambidzo izvo zvaizodzivirira chero ramangwana remhepo kusimudzira. Kubva 2015, makomisheni ematunhu muNebraska vakaramba kana kurambidza mapurazi emhepo ka22, sekureva kwemutori wenhau wesimba. Robert Bryce's national database.
"Chinhu chekutanga chatakanzwa kubva mumuromo memunhu wese ndechekuti, 'Hatidi maturbine emhepo akashata ari pedyo nenzvimbo yedu,'" Baker akadaro, achitsanangura kushanya kwenhengo dzeBrewer's Sandhills. “Simba remhepo rinoparadzanisa nharaunda. Une mhuri inobatsirwa nazvo, inoida, asi munhu wese wevavakidzani haadaro.”
Mazhinji turbines emhepo anogona kuwanikwa padyo neBanner County mune yakavakidzana neKimball County. Iyi nharaunda yeNebraska ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisa muUnited States dzemhepo dzinoenderana, dzinomhanya-mhanya, nyanzvi dzesimba dzinodaro. Mufananidzo naFletcher Halfaker weFlatwater Yemahara Press
John Hansen, mutungamiri weNebraska Farmers Union, akati kudzosera kumashure mapurazi emhepo kwakawedzera mumakore achangopfuura. Asi vashoma vane ruzha, akadaro. Makumi masere muzana emaruwa eNebraskans akafunga kuti zvakawanda zvinofanirwa kuitwa kuvandudza mhepo uye simba rezuva, maererano ne2015 University of Nebraska-Lincoln poll.
“Ndiro dambudziko riya reNIMBY,” akadaro Hansen, achishandisa chidimbu chinoreva kuti, “Kwete Kuseri Kwangu.” Zvinonzi, “'Ini handirwisane nesimba remhepo, handiridi munzvimbo yangu.' Chinangwa chavo ndechekuona kuti hapana chirongwa chinovakwa, nguva. "
Kumataundi eNebraska akatarisana nekuderera kwevanhu, maturbine emhepo anogona kureva mukana wehupfumi, Hansen akadaro. MuPetersburg, kuwanda kwevashandi mushure mekuvaka purazi remhepo kwakatungamira chitoro chegirosari chakakundikana kuti chivake nzvimbo yechipiri, akadaro. Izvo zvakaenzana nebasa renguva pfupi kune varimi vanobvumirana nematurbines.
"Zvakafanana nekuva netsime remafuta panyika yako pasina kusvibiswa," akadaro Dave Aiken, purofesa weUNL ag economics. "Ungafunga kuti hazvina basa."
MuBanner County, bhenefiti yehupfumi ingadai yadeuka munzvimbo yakatenderedza zvakare, varidzi veminda vakadaro. Vashandi vekuvaka turbines vangadai vakatenga girosari uye vakagara mumahotera munzvimbo dzakavakidzana dzeKimball neScotts Bluff.
Zvino, varidzi veminda havana chokwadi zvachose kuti chii chinotevera. Orion yakati sarudzo yeAir Force inotonga inosvika hafu yematurbine ayo akarongwa. Ichiri kutarisira kuva neprojekti iri kushanda muna 2024. Invenergy yakaramba kutsanangura chero zvirongwa zvemangwana.
"Ichi chinyorwa chiripo, chagadzirira kushandiswa," Brady Jones, mwanakomana waJohn Jones, akadaro. “Tofamba sei kubva ipapo? Panguva yatiri kupfuudza mutemo waizowedzera mari musimba remhepo munyika muno? Simba iroro rinofanira kubva kumwe.”
