NeLawrence S. Wittner, PeaceVoice
Kunyangwe vezvenhau vakatadza kuimhan'arira, chiitiko chakakosha chakaitika nguva pfupi yadarika maererano nekugadzirisa dambudziko rakakurukurwa kwenguva refu rekuti zviitwe nezvombo zvenyukireya. Musi waAugust 19, 2016, komiti yeUN, iyo isina mhosva-yakanzi Open-Ended Working Group, yakabhadharira kurumbidza kusvika kuUnited General Assembly iyo inopa mvumo yekuzarura kukurukurirana mu2017 pachibvumirano chekuvadzivisa.
Kune vanhu vazhinji, kurudziro iyi inoita kuti ive nenjere. Zvombo zvenyukireya ndizvo zvigadzirwa zvinoparadza zvakanyanya zvisati zvambogadzirwa. Kana iwo achishandiswa ― sezvo maviri acho akashandiswa mu1945 kuparadza vanhu veHiroshima neNagasaki - vanopfuura 15,000 zvombo zvenyukireya parizvino kuvapo kwaizoparadza nyika. Nekuda kwekuputika kwavo kukuru, moto, uye radioactivity, kuputika kwavo kwaizounza kumagumo kwehupenyu hwese hwepanyika. Vakasara vanhu vapukunyuki vaizosiiwa vachidzungaira, zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinorwadza, munzvimbo ine charti, ine radioactive renje. Kunyangwe kuputika kwenhamba shoma yezvombo zvenyukireya kuburikidza nehondo, hugandanga, kana tsaona kwaizomutsa njodzi yakakura zvisati zvamboitika.
Mutungamiriri wese weUnited States kubvira 1945, kubva kuna Harry Truman kuenda kuna Barack Obama, ayambira nyika nezvekutyisa kwehondo yenyukireya. Kunyange Ronald ReaganThe pamwe vakanyanya kufunga nezvechiuto pakati pavo ― vakazivisa vadzokororazve kuti: "Hondo yenyukireya haigone kukunda uye haifanirwe kurwiwa."
Neraki, hapana dambudziko rehunyanzvi mukurasa zvombo zvenyukireya. Kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zvakataurirana uye chiito chisina kubatana, zvombo zvenyukireya, pamwe nekusimbiswa, kwave zvatoitika kunyatsobudirira, kubvisa zvishoma 55,000 zvombo zvenyukireya zve70,000 iripo pakureba kweCold War.
Uyezve, dzimwe nyika dzenyika dzekuparadza kukuru, biological uye mushonga zvombo, zvatove zvarambidzwa nezvibvumirano zvenyika dzakawanda.
Nomuzvarirwo, saka, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti kugadzira nyika yenyukireya isina zvombo izano rakanaka. A 2008 sarudzo mumarudzi makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe pasi rose vakawana kuti 21 muzana yevakabvunzwa vakafarira chibvumirano chepasi rose chekubviswa kwezvombo zvese zvenyukireya uye chete 76 muzana vakapokana nazvo. Izvi zvaisanganisira makumi manomwe nenomwe kubva muzana yevakabvunzwa muUnited States.
Asi vatungamiriri vehurumende vanobva kune mapfumbamwe-nhumbi dzakashonga nhumbi dzakashongedzerwa vanotarira kuona zvombo zvenyukireya-kana kuti zvishoma zvavo zvombo zvenyukireya, zvakatosiyana. Kwemazana emakore, nyika dzinokwikwidza dzakasendamira zvakanyanya pasimba remauto kuti vawane izvo zvavanofunga se "zvido zvenyika" yavo. Hazvishamisi, ipapoka, vatungamiriri venyika vakamira mukukudziridza mauto ane simba, akashonga nezvombo zvine simba kwazvo. Icho chokwadi chekuti, nekuuya kwezvombo zvenyukireya, hunhu hwechinyakare hwave kupokana-nekugadzira hwatanga chete kupinda mukati mekuziva kwavo, kazhinji kwakabatsirwa pamwe pazviitiko zvakadaro nekumanikidzwa kukuru neruzhinji.
Nekudaro, vakuru vakuru vemasimba makuru uye maannabes akabatanidzwa, nepo vachipa miromo kumisangano yezvombo zvenyukireya, vanoramba vachiona sechirongwa chine njodzi. Ivo vakasununguka zvakanyanya nekuchengetedza zvombo zvenyukireya uye kugadzirira hondo yenyukireya. Nekudaro, nekusaina nyukireya Chibvumirano Chisingasimudzi ya1968, vakuru vakuru vezvombo zvenyukireya vakavimbisa "kutevera nhaurirano mukutenda kwakanaka pa. . . chibvumirano chekutora zvombo zvachose pasi pekutonga kwakasimba uye kunoshanda pasi rose. ” Uye nhasi, vangangoita hafu-yezana ramakore gare gare, havasati vatanga kutaurirana pachibvumirano chakadai. Asi, ivo parizvino vari kuvhura imwe yakakomberedza munhangemutange yezvombo zvenyukireya. Hurumende yeUS chete iri kuronga kushandisa $ 1 tiririyoni pamusoro pemakore anotevera e30 yekugadzirisa zvese zvenyukireya zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvigadzirwa, pamwe nekuvaka mhepo itsva-, gungwa-, uye pasi-yakatanga zvombo zvenyukireya.
Ehezve, kushandisa kukuru uku - pamwe nenjodzi iri kuenderera yenjodzi yenyukireya - inogona kupa vakuru vehurumende kurudziro ine simba yekupedza makore makumi manomwe nemanomwe ekutamba nezvombo zvavo zvezuva rekuparadzwa uye, pachinzvimbo, vodzikira kubhizinesi rekupedzisa tarisiro yakaipa yekuparadzwa kwenyukireya. . Muchidimbu, vanogona kutevera kutungamira kwekomiti yeUN uye kunyatsotaurirana kurambidzwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya sedanho rekutanga kuzvibvisa.
Asi, kutonga kubva pane zvakaitika muUN Open-Ended Working Group, kurambidzwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya kurambidzwa hazvigone kuitika. Kusagadzikana nezve izvo zvinogona kubuda kubva mukufunga kwekomiti, masimba enyukireya akanongedza mukomana ivo. Uyezve, iyo voti yekupedzisira mune iyo komiti yekutsvaga kutaurirana kwekurambidzwa yaive makumi matanhatu neshanu yakatsigira uye makumi maviri nevaviri vakapikiswa, ne68 varegereri Ruzhinji rwakasimba mukufarira kutaurirana rwakave rweAfrica, Latin America, Caribbean, Southeast Asia, uye nyika dzePacific, nenyika dzinoverengeka dzeEurope dzichijoinha. Vashoma vakauya zvakanyanya kubva kumarudzi ari pasi pemaambura enyukireya emasimba makuru. Nekudaro, kupatsanuka kumwe chete kunoita kunge kunogona kuitika muUN General Assembly, uko masimba enyukireya achaita zvese zvinobvira kubvisa chiito cheUN.
Pakazara, zvadaro, pane kupatsanuka kuri kukura pakati pesimba renyukireya nevabatsiri vayo, kune rumwe rutivi, uye boka hombe remarudzi, rakaguta nekudzokororwa kwakadzokororwa kwemasimba enyukireya mukugadzirisa nenjodzi yenyukireya inotyisidzira kuzadza nyika. Mumakwikwi aya, masimba enyukireya ane mukana, nekuti, kana zvese zvataurwa nekuitwa, vane mukana wekubatirira kuzvombo zvavo zvenyukireya, kunyangwe kana izvi zvichireva kufuratira chibvumirano chakagamuchirwa neruzhinji rwepasi rose. Kumira kwakasimba zvisina kujairika nenyika dzisiri dzenyukireya, pamwe nekumukira neruzhinji rwakamutswa, zvinoita kunge zvingamutse vakuru vemasimba enyukireya kubva munzira yavo refu yekurara kuenda kunjodzi.
