NaErin Niemela naTom H. Hastings
Mutungamiri Obama neChitatu manheru hurukuro paIslamic State (ISIL) yakadzoreredza nyika yakaneta nehondo kupindira kwechisimba muIraq, imwe nyika yakaneta nehondo. Hutongi hwaObama hunoti kurwisa kwemuchadenga, vanachipangamazano vemauto uye mubatanidzwa wemauto echiMuslim eAmerica ndiwo anonyanya kushanda ekurwisa hugandanga, asi inhema dzinoratidza zvikonzero zviviri zvikuru.
Imwe, nhoroondo yekurwiswa kwemauto eUS muIraq inzira yakaramba ichikundikana ine mutengo wakanyanya uye mhedzisiro yakaipa.
Chechipiri, kudzidza mune zvese zvehugandanga uye kusandura kukakavara kunoratidza musanganiswa wemazano uyu kurasikirwa nenhamba.
Vanhu vari muISIL havasi "gomarara," sekutaura kunoita Mutungamiri Obama. Dambudziko guru uye rakasiyana-siyana rehutano hwepasi rose imhirizhonga, iyo inogovera maitiro nezvirwere zvakawanda, zvakadai segomarara, kupindwa muropa nemeth, Black Death neEbola. Mhirizhonga ndicho chirwere, kwete mushonga.
Dimikira iri rinoshanda kumhirizhonga yakaitwa neISIL neUS zvakafanana. Vose vanoti vari kushandisa chisimba kubvisa kusaruramisira. Dzese ISIL neUS zvinosvibisa vanhu vese kuitira kupembedza mhirizhonga iyoyo. Zvakawanda sevakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, mapoka maviri ane zvombo anotsausa uye anokuvadza vamwe zvisina tsarukano asi achiti zviri mufariro yemunhu wese.
Chirwere chekupindwa muropa hachipere apo mapurisa anovhozhokera mhuri yemushakabvu, netsaona akapfura mukoma wake ndokumupfura mumusoro. Kupindwa muropa-munyaya iyi, mhirizhonga nevarwi kumativi ose-inokundwa nenzira yakasiyana zvachose iyo nyanzvi mukurwisana nehugandanga uye shanduko yekurwisana vakawana uye yakakurudzirwa kwemakore-inoramba ichifuratirwa nehutungamiri hweU. Heano marapiro masere anotsigirwa nesainzi ekutyisidzira kweISIL ayo vese vechokwadi uye vanofunga vanogona uye vanofanira kutsigira.
Imwe, rega kuita mamwe magandanga. Siya nzira dzese dzekudzvinyirira nechisimba. Kudzvinyirirwa kwechisimba, kungave nekurova kwendege, kurwadziswa kana kusungwa kwevanhu vakawanda, kunongodzosera kumashure. "Zvisinei nekuvimba kwakajairika munzira dzekudzivisa, zviito zvekudzvinyirira hazvina kumbobvira zvaita kuti hugandanga huderere uye dzimwe nguva zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwehugandanga," Erica Chenoweth naLaura Dugan vakadaro muchidzidzo chavo cha2012 muAmerican Sociological Review pamakore makumi maviri ehurongwa hwekurwisa hugandanga hweIsrael. Vanyori vakaona kuti kusarura kudzvinyirira kuedza kupikisa hugandanga - chisimba chinoshandiswa kune vanhu vose kubva kune masero emagandanga anoshanda, zvakadai semhepo, kuparadzwa kwepfuma, kusungwa kwevanhu vakawanda, nezvimwewo, zvakabatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwezviito zvegandanga.
Chechipiri, rega kuendesa zvombo zvehondo nemidziyo kunharaunda. Rega kutenga nekutengesa zvinhu, zvinobatsira kune vashoma vatengesi uye zvinokuvadza kune wese wese. Isu tatoziva kuti zvombo zvemauto zveUS zvakatumirwa kuSyria, Libya neIraq, pakati pedzimwe Middle East neNorth Africa (MENA) nyika, zvakatorwa kana kutengwa uye kushandiswa neISIL kurwisa vanhuwo zvavo.
Chetatu, tanga kuunza tsitsi chaidzo muhuwandu hunonzi nemagandanga "anodzivirira." Chidzidzo che2012 cheChenoweth naDugan chekurwisa hugandanga chakawanawo kuti kusasarura kuedza kurwisa hugandanga - mibairo yakanaka inobatsira boka rese rezviziviso kubva kwainotorwa nemagandanga - ndiyo yakanyanyoshanda mukuderedza zviito zvehugandanga nekufamba kwenguva, kunyanya apo kuedza uku kwakatsigirwa kwenguva yakareba. -temu. Mienzaniso yekuedza uku inosanganisira kusaina vavariro dzenhaurirano, kubvisa mauto, kuferefeta nemoyo wese zvichemo zvekushungurudzwa uye kubvuma zvikanganiso, pakati pezvimwe.
Chechina, rega kugadzira zvimwe zvinangwa zvehugandanga. Chero ani zvake iyo US inoda kuchengetedza nechisimba inova chinangwa. Basa rekudzivirira haridi mhirizhonga, uye mutemo uri nani ungave wekutaurirana nekutsigira vasina pfuti vasina mhirizhonga vakatobudirira munzvimbo dzinopisa dzemakakatanwa. Semuyenzaniso, Zvikwata zveMuslim Peacemaker, zviri muNajaf, Iraq inoshanda nemasangano akazvimirira oga uye masangano epasi rese neasiri ehurumende muIraq kuderedza hutsinye uye kushandira vanhu vakapona. Rimwe boka ndiro Nonviolent Peaceforce, chikwata chekuchengetedza runyararo chisina pfuti chine basa remumunda rakabudirira South Sudan, Shiri Ranga nezvimwe nhandare dzehondo.
Chechishanu, mhirizhonga yeISIL kupindwa muropa zvakanyanya nekubatsirwa kwevanhu nehanya asi vakasimba vane chekuita. Kupindira kwerubatsiro kunonangana nemaitiro, kwete kuvepo kweakapindwa muropa, uye anorayira kubatana nevose vari-pasi-vanobata mabasa, kusanganisira maSunni, Shi'a, Kurds, Makristu, Yazidis, mabhizinesi, vadzidzisi, varapi vehutano, vezvematongerwo enyika, uye vezvitendero. vatungamiri kuti vapindire pamaitiro anoparadza eboka. ISIL inoumbwa zvachose nevaimbova vagari vemo - nhengo dzemhuri, shamwari uye vana vemasangano ehurumende; Chero kupindira kwechokwadi kwerubatsiro kunofanirwa kusanganisira basa nerutsigiro rwenharaunda - kwete mauto ekunze.
Nhanhatu, tarisai nyaya yeISIL sedambudziko remapurisa emunharaunda, kwete dambudziko remauto. Hapana anofarira ndege dzehondo dzichibhururuka pamusoro pemba yavo kana matangi achipinda munharaunda yavo, kungave kuFerguson, Mo. kana Mosul, Iraq. Zviitiko zvehugandanga munharaunda zvinodzivirirwa kana kudzikiswa zvakanyanya nemhinduro dzenharaunda dzine hanya netsika uye dziri pasi pemitemo iri pamutemo.
Zvinomwe, gamuchira kutevedzwa kwemitemo yenyika, kwete mapurisa epasi rose eUS. Inguva yekusimbisa uchangamire hwemagariro evanhu evanhu vose, kwete kupa simba kune avo vane jets dzehondo uye zvombo.
Sere, rega kuzviita mutungamiriri muMENA. Bvuma kuti miganhu iripo ichadhirowazve nevanogarako. Iri idunhu ravo uye vanoshuvira mireniyumu yakazara yemubatanidzwa wemakrusedhi anoteverwa nekolonialism yakavharwa nemasimba ehumambo achidhirowa miganhu yavo nekubvisa zviwanikwa zvavo. Rega kudyisa iyo nhoroondo yakareba yekupindira kwechisimba uye kupa nharaunda mukana wekupora. Hazvizove zvakanaka asi kushata kwedu kwakadzokororwa muIraq kwakaburitsa kufa kwakawanda nekuparadza kakawanda. Kudzokorora kurapa kwakashata uye kutarisira mhedzisiro dzakasiyana chiratidzo chekutambudzika kwedu.
Kupindwa muropa nechisimba kunorapika, asi kwete nechisimba chakawanda. Kufa nenzara chero chirwere chinoshanda zviri nani pane kuchidyisa uye mhirizhonga yakawanda inoburitsa pachena - mhirizhonga yakawanda. Hutongi hwaObama, nehutongi hwese hweUS hwakaitangira, vanofanirwa kuziva zvirinani parizvino.
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Erin Niemela (@erinniemela), PeaceVoice Editor uye PeaceVoiceTV Channel Manager, Mukwikwidzi weMasters muchirongwa cheConflict Resolution paPortland State University, achinyanya kugadzira midhiya yemhirizhonga uye isina mhirizhonga. Dr. Tom H. Hastings ndiye PeaceVoice Mutungamiriri.
