The Iron Cage of War: The Present War System Yakarondedzerwa

(Ichi chikamu 3 che World Beyond War chena bepa A Global Security System: An Alternative to War. Ramba uchienda inotangira | zvinotevera chikamu.)

Apo centralized states yakatanga kuumbwa munyika yekare yaitarisana nedambudziko ratangotanga kugadzirisa. Kana boka rehurumende runyararo rakatarisana nehondo yakashonga, ine hutsinye hwekuita hondo, vakange vane zvitatu chete: kuisa, kutiza, kana kutevedzera hondo-sehurumende uye tariro yekukunda muhondo. Nenzira iyi mhirizhonga yenyika yose yakava nehondo uye yakawanda yakasara saizvozvo. Vanhu vakavhara pachavo mukati mejere resimbi yehondo. Kakawirirana kwakava mhirizhonga. Hondo ihondo yakasimba uye yakarongeka pakati pemapoka anotungamirira kuhuwandu hwevarwere. Hondo zvakare inoreva, semunyori John Horgan inoisa, mhirizhonga, tsika dzehondo, mauto, maoko, mashizha, mazano, zvirongwa, propaganda, kusarura, maitiro anoita boka rinouraya zvinopesana kwete chete zvinogoneka asi zvakare.^note1

Mukuchinja kwehupenyu hwehondo, hondo hadzisi dzechechi. Mumwe anogona kutaura nezvehondo dzakasvibiswa, apo hondo yakarongeka, hondo dzegandanga, kushandiswa kwekodzero dzevanhu uye mamwe marudzi echisimba chisingaenzaniswi chinoitika.^note2 Vanhu vasiri vehurumende vanoita basa rinowedzera kukosha muhondo, iro rinowanzotora maitiro ezvinonzi hondo yehondo.^note3

Kunyange zvazvo hondo dzakasiyana dzinokonzerwa nezviitiko zvekugara, hazviti "kuputika" pakarepo. Icho chigumisiro chisingadzivisiki chehutano hwevanhu hwekugadzirisa mhirizhonga dzenyika dzakawanda uye dzevanhu, War System. Chinokonzera hondo munharaunda ndeyeGadziriro yeHondo iyo inogadzirira nyika nguva pfupi yehondo.

Hondo yeHondo inogara pane zvakagadziriswa zvitendero uye zvigaro zvave zvakapoteredza kwenguva yakareba zvakadaro kuti kuve kwavo kwechokwadi uye kushandiswa kunotorwa zvishoma uye vanoenda kakawanda vasina chokwadi kunyange vachiratidzwa nhema.^note4 Pakati pezvinowanzofanana neHondo System myths ndeyikuti:

Hondo Yenyika inosanganisirawo masangano uye zvigadzirwa zvezvombo. Iyo yakanyatsobatanidzwa munharaunda uye zvikamu zvayo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodyidzana kune mumwe nemumwe kuitira kuti yakasimba kwazvo.

Hondo dzakanyatsorongeka, kugadziriswa kwakagadzirirwa kwemasimba akagadzirirwa kwenguva yakareba kare neHondo System iyo inopinda masangano ose evanhu. Semuenzaniso, muUnited States (muenzaniso wakasimba wevashandi vezvehondo), kwete chete kune hurumende yekugadzira masangano akadai sevakuru vakuru vehurumende apo mukuru wehurumende ariwo mukuru mukuru, sangano remauto pachako (hondo , navy, air air, coast guard) uye CIA, NSA, Homeland Security, yakawanda War Colors, asi hondo yakavakwawo mune zvehupfumi, yakasimudzirwa tsika mumasangano uye masangano ezvitendero, tsika inowanikwa mumhuri, ichikudzwa pa mitambo yemitambo, yakaitwa mumitambo nemavhidhiyo, uye inofanirwa nemashuhau. Panenge pasina kana mumwe achidzidza nezveimwe nzira.

Imwe mienzaniso miviri yembiru imwe chete yemasikirwo emagariro ndeyekuunganidza zvechiuto. Marudzi anoenda kunzvimbo dzakawanda kuti anyore vechidiki muuto, achichidana, "Service." Vashandi vanoenda kunzvimbo dzakakura kuti "Sangano" riite sekunakidza, kupa mari uye zvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa uye kuratidza seinofadza uye rudo. Hazvina kumbove zvakaderera zvinoratidzwa. Kuchengetedza mapepa havaratidze varwere vakaremara uye varwi vakafa kana misha yakaparadzwa uye vanhu vanofa.

MuU.S., the Hondo Yokutengesa neKutsvakurudza Gaka National Assets davi rinoshandisa zvikepe zvemajeri-trailer ane maitiro akaisvonaka kwazvo, anoyevedza, anongoratidzira maitiro anosimudzira hondo uye anorongerwa kuunganidza "zvakaoma kupinda muzvikoro zvepamusoro." Ngarava idzi dzinosanganisira "Army Adventure Semi" uye "All Army Experience" semi uye vamwe.^note5 Vadzidzi vanogona kutamba mumakwikwi uye kurwisa hondo dze tangi kana kubhururuka Apache kurwisa helicopters uye kupa Mhandara gear nokuda kwemaopi ops uye tora chikwata chokubatanidza. Matori aya ari mumugwagwa 230 mazuva pagore. Izvo zvinodiwa zvehondo zvinotorwa zvisinganzwisisiki uye kuparadza kwayo pasi kunoratidzirwa.

Chimiro chemhirizhonga chinopindira pamasimba evanhu. Munguva yehondo, chokwadi ndechekutanga kuurayiwa sehurumende propag kubatsira nekudzivisa kusununguka kukurukurirana uye kupesana. Munguva pfupi yapfuura hurumende dzinoshandisa kuongorora kukuru kwemagetsi evanhu, kuiswa mutorongo pasina kutongwa kana kupera uye kutambudzika, zvose zvinonzwisiswa muzita rekuchengeteka kwenyika.

Hondo dzinokonzera chikamu kubva kune imwe, pfungwa yakajeka yakagadzirirwa. Hurumende dzakabudirira kuzvigutsikana pachavo nemhomho yevanhu kuti kune mhinduro mbiri chete yekudzvinyirira: kuisa kana kurwisana, kutongwa ne "mhuka idzodzo" kana kuibhorera muMugove. Vanowanzotaura nezve "Munich Analogy," - apo mu1938 vaBrithani vakapusa vakapa Hitler uye, pakupedzisira, nyika yaifanira kurwisana nemaNazi chero zvakadaro. Icho chirevo ndechekuti vakange vaBritish "vakasimuka" kuna Hitler aizotsigira pasi uye hapazove neHondo Yenyika II. Muna 1939 Hitler akarwisa Poland uye veBritish vakasarudza kurwisana. Makumi emamiriyoni evanhu akafa.^note6 Icho chaipisa kwazvo "Cold War" nechitsiko chemauto chenyukliya chakatevera. Zvinosuruvarisa, muzana remakore ra 21, rave rakajeka pachena kuti kugadzira hondo hakushande kuti kuve nerugare, sezvakaita nyaya mbiri dzeGulf Wars, Hondo yeAghan neSiriya / ISIS kuratidza zvakajeka. Takapinda munharaunda yekutambudzika. Kristin Christman, in Paradigm For Peace, inoratidza nenzira yekufananidza imwe nzira, nzira yekugadzirisa zvinetso kumhirizhonga yenyika dzose:

Tinogona kugumisa hondo chete kana tikashandura pfungwa, tibvunze mibvunzo yakakodzera kuitira kuti tibve pamigumisiro yehupenyu hwemhirizhonga uye, pamusoro pezvose, kuona kana mufambiro wake mumwe wavo. Kufanana nemishonga, kurapa chete zviratidzo zvechirwere hazvizoporese. Mune mamwe mazwi, tinofanira kufungisisa tisati tabuda kunze kwepfuti. Iyi purogiramu yerugare inoita izvozvo.

Hondo yeHondo haina kushanda. Izvo hazviuyise rugare, kana kunyangwe kuchengeteka. Zvinokonzera kusagadzikana kwevanhu pamwe chete. Asi isu tinoenderera mberi.

Hondo dzinogara; muHondo System wese munhu anofanira kuchenjerera kune umwe neumwe. Nyika inzvimbo inotyisa nokuti Hondo yeNyika inoita saizvozvo. Ndizvo Hobbes's "hondo yevose kurwisana nevose." Marudzi anotenda kuti ivo vanovhiringidzirwa nehutano nekutyisirwa nedzimwe nyika, vanoziva kuti dzimwe simba rehondo rinomirira kuparadzwa kwavo asi vasingakwanisi kuona zvikanganiso zvavo, kuti maitiro avo ari kuita mararamiro avo vanotya uye ruoko vachirwisana sevavengi vanove magirazi mifananidzo yemumwe nemumwe. Mienzaniso yakawanda: mhirizhonga yeArabhu neIsrael, hondo yeIndia-Pakistan, hondo yeAmerica pamusoro pekutya kunokonzera dzimwe magandanga. Nhengo imwe neimwe inoenderera mberi kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira. Nhengo imwe neimwe inoderedza imwe nguva ichiridza hwamanda yayo pachavo yakasiyana-siyana kumagariro. Kuwedzerwa kune izvi kusagadzikana ndiko kukwikwidza kwemaminerari, kunyanya mafuta, semamwe marudzi achitsvaga muenzaniso wezvemari wekukura kusingaperi uye kusagadzikana kwemafuta.^note8 Uyezve, iyi mamiriro ekusava nekuchengetedzeka kwekusingaperi anopa vateereri vekuda uye vatungamiri mukana wekubata nesimba rezvematongerwe enyika kuburikidza nekukurudzira kutya kwakakurumbira, uye kunopa mukana wakawanda wekubatsira kune vanoita zvombo vanozobatsigira vezvematongerwe enyika vanopisa moto.^note9

Nenzira idzi Hondo yeHondo inofungidzira, kuzvidzora uye kuzvidzora. Kutenda kuti nyika inzvimbo inotyisa, nyika dzichizvidzivirira pachadzo uye dzichiita chisimba mukurwisana, zvichidaro zvichipupurira kune dzimwe nyika kuti nyika inzvimbo ine ngozi saka saka vanofanira kunge vakazvigadzirira uye vanoita saizvozvo. Chinangwa ndechekutyisidzira chisimba chakagadzirirwa mumamiriro ekurwisana mune tarisiro yekuti "ichadzivisa" kune rimwe divi, asi izvi zvinokundikana nguva dzose, uye zvino chinangwa hachisi chokudzivisa kukakavara, asi kuhwina. Zvimwe zvinogona kuitika kune dzimwe hondo zvinenge zvisina kumbodiwa zvakanyanyisa uye pfungwa yokuti panogona kunge iri imwe nzira yeHondo pachayo, inenge isingazoitiki kuvanhu. Mumwe haawani izvo munhu asingatsvaki.

Hazvina kukwana kupedza hondo yakasiyana kana zvombo zvehondo kana tichida rugare. Iyo yose mitambo yakaoma yeWarth System inofanira kuchinjwa nehurongwa hwakasiyana hwekugadzirisa kukakavara. Nenzira yakanaka, sezvatichaona, hurongwa hwakadaro hwave huchiri kuitika munyika chaiye.

The War System ndiyo sarudzo. Gedhi revhare resimbi ndiro, chokwadi, rakazaruka uye tinokwanisa kufamba kunze chero nguva yatinosarudza.

(Ramba uchienda inotangira | zvinotevera chikamu.)

Tinoda kunzwa kubva kwamuri! (Ndapota shandisai mashoko anotevera)

Izvi zvakatungamirira sei iwe kufunga zvakasiyana nezvezvimwe nzira dzokurwa nadzo?

Chii chaungawedzera, kana kuchinja, kana mubvunzo pamusoro peizvi?

Chii chaungaita kuti ubatsire vamwe vanhu kunzwisisa pamusoro pezvimwe nzira dzehondo?

Ungatora sei chiito kuti uite izvi zvakasiyana nehondo kuitika?

Ndapota shandisai mashoko aya zvakanyanya!

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Ona zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakabatana "Sei Imwe Sisitimu Yenyika Yose Yekudzivirirwa Isingadikanwe uye Inodiwa?"

ona tafura yakazara yezviri mukati A Global Security System: An Alternative to War

Notes:
1. Hondo idambudziko redu rinokurumidza. Ngationei. (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
2. Verenga zvakawanda pa: Hoffman, FG (2007). Kurwisana muzana remakore re21: kuwedzera kwehondo yakasvibiswa. Arlington, Virginia: Potomac Institute for Policy Studies. (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
3. Hondo isina simba inowanzoitika pakati pemapoka ehondo apo simba rehondo rehondo, mazano kana maitiro anosiyana zvikuru. Irak, Syria, Afghanistan ndiyo mienzaniso inonyatsozivikanwa yechinhu ichi. (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
4. American Wars. Zviratidzo uye Zvechokwadi (2008) naPaul Buchheit anotsvaga 19 maonero asina kunaka nezvehondo dzeUnited States uye hondo yeUnited States. Hondo yaDavid Swanson ndeyeLie (2010) inopikisa zvinyorwa zve14 zvinoshandiswa kururamisa hondo. (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
5. "Mobile Exhibit Company" inopa "zviratidzo zvakawanda zvakadai seMatapi Exhibit Vehicles, Interactive Semis, Adventure Semis, uye Adventure Trailers inoshandiswa neVashandi veHondo kuitira kuti vadzokerezve kuvanhu veAmerica neAmerica's Army uye kuwedzera kukudzivirira kwevanhu pakati pekusekondari uye kuchikoro vadzidzi uye nzvimbo dzavo dzine simba. Ona webhusaiti pa: http://www.usarec.army.mil/msbn/Pages/MEC.htm (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
6. Numeri inowirirana zvikuru zvichienderana nekubva. Inofanirwa kubva kune 50 mamiriyoni kusvika ku100 mhirizhonga. (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
7. Paradigm for Peace website (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
8. Chimwe chidzidzo chakawana kuti hurumende dzenyika dzakawanda dzinonzi 100 dzinogona kupindira muhondo dzevagari vemo apo nyika yehondo ine nzvimbo huru yemafuta. Kudzidza kwakakwana "Mafuta pamusoro pemvura" inogona kuwanikwa pano. (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
9. Muchidimbu uchapupu hwezvemagariro evanhu uye anthropological unogona kuwanikwa mumabhuku aya: Pilisuk, Marc, naJennifer Achord Rountree. 2008. Ndivanaani Vanobatsira Kubva Munyika Yose Chisimba neHondo: Kuziva Kuparadza Kwazvo. Nordstrom, Carolyn. 2004. Shadows of War: Chisimba, Simba, uye Kubatsira Munyika Yose Muzana remakore makumi maviri nemaviri. (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)