NaJohn Scales Avery, December 14, 2018
Nyaya yekubvunzurudzwa kwevanhu vakakurumbira musangano rerugare yakagadzwa neInternet repepanhau Countercurrents. Kunze kwekubudiswa muComptercurrents, nhepfenyuro ichazobudiswa sebhuku. Iyi nhaurirano yei imeiri naDkt David Krieger chikamu chezvikamu izvi.
David Krieger, Ph.D. ndiye nheyo uye mutungamiri weNuclear Age Peace Foundation. Pakati pezviverengera zvehutungamiri hwake hukuru hunoedza mukugadzirisa rugare rwepasi pose, iye ndiye nheyo uye nhengo yeGlobal Council of Abolition 2000, gurukota reNyika Future Council, uye ndiye sachigaro weKomiti Dare reInternet Network of Engineers uye Masayendisiti eDhipatimendi reNyika. Ane BA mune Psychology uye ane MA uye Ph.D. zvidzidzo muNyika Yezvematongerwe enyika kubva kuYunivhesiti yeHawaii pamwe neJD kubva kuSanta Barbara College yeMutemo; Akashanda kwemakore 20 semutongi pro tem nokuda kweSanta Barbara Municipal uye Superior Courts. Dr. Krieger ndiye munyori wemabhuku akawanda uye zvidzidzo zvehukama muNuclear Age. Akanyora kana kugadzirisa kupfuura mabhuku e20 uye mazana ezvinyorwa uye zvitsauko zvemabhuku. Ndiye anogamuchira mitezo yakawanda uye kukudzwa, kusanganisira OMNI Center for Runyararo, Ruramisiro uye Ecology Runyararo Runyori Rwekunyora Nhetembo (2010). Ane kereke itsva yezvinyorwa zvine musoro Wake Up. Kuti uwane zvimwe shanyira iyo Nheyo Yenyika Yorugare Sangano Website: www.wagingpeace.org.
John: Ndagara ndichiyemura rako rakazvipira uye rine hushingi hupenyu-hwakareba basa rekudzora zvakakwana zvombo zvenyukireya. Makandiitira rukudzo rukuru rwekundiita Advisor kuNuclear Age Peace Foundation (NAPF). Imi mose muri Muvambi uye Mutungamiriri weNAPF. Iwe unogona here kutiudza zvishoma nezve yako mhuri, uye hwako hwepakutanga hupenyu uye dzidzo? Ndeapi matanho akakutungamira kuti uve mumwe wevatsigiri vane mukurumbira wepasi rose wekubvisa zvachose zvombo zvenyukireya?
David: John, watikudza nekuva chipangamazano kuNuclear Age Peace Foundation. Ndiwe mumwe wevanhu vanoziva kwazvo pamusoro penjodzi yenyukireya uye mamwe matekinoroji kune ramangwana rehupenyu papasi redu, uye iwe wakanyora zvine mutsindo pamusoro pekutyisidzira uku.
Nezve mhuri yangu, hupenyu hwepakutanga uye dzidzo, ini ndakazvarwa makore matatu maguta eHiroshima neNagasaki asati aparadzwa nezvombo zvenyukireya. Baba vangu vaiva chiremba wevana, uye amai vangu amai vemba uye vanozvipira muchipatara. Ose ari maviri aive nerunyararo, uye ese ari maviri akaramba chiuto zvisingaite. Ini ndaigona kutsanangura makore angu ekutanga seakanyanya kusaenzana. Ndakaenda kuOccidental College, uko kwandakawana dzidzo yakanaka yehunyanzvi. Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuOccidental, ndakashanyira Japan, uye ndakamutswa nekuona kuparara kwakatambudzwa naHiroshima neNagasaki. Ndakaona kuti kuUS, takaona mabhomba aya kubva pamusoro pegore rehowa sechiitiko chehunyanzvi, nepo kuJapan mabhomba akaonekwa pasi pegore rehowa sezviitiko zvinosuwisa zvekuparadzwa kwevanhu vazhinji.
Ndadzoka kubva kuJapan, ndakaenda kunopedza chikoro paUniversity yeHawaii uye ndakawana Ph.D. mune zvematongerwo enyika sainzi. Ini ndakanyoreswa zvakare muchiuto, asi ndakakwanisa kujoina matura senzira yekuzadzisa chisungo changu chemauto. Nehurombo, ndakazoshevedzwa kubasa rinoshanda. Mumauto, ndakaramba maodha eVietnam uye ndakamhan'arira chinzvimbo chehana nekuda kwehana. Ini ndaitenda kuti Hondo yeVietnam yaive yehondo yepamutemo uye isina hunhu, uye ini ndakanga ndisingade senhau yehana yekushandira ipapo. Ndakaendesa nyaya yangu kudare remubatanidzwa uye pakupedzisira ndakaburitswa nerukudzo muchiuto. Zvakaitika kwandiri muJapan uye muUS Army zvakabatsira kuumba maonero angu kurunyararo uye zvombo zvenyukireya. Ini ndakazotenda kuti rugare rwaive chinhu chakakosha cheNyukireya Age uye kuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvinofanirwa kubviswa.
Unhu nehupenyu hwemhuka zvinopisidzirwa nehupenyu hwekuparadza zvose zvinopisa simba remhepo yenyukireya. Izvozvo zvinogona kuitika kuburikidza nekukundikana kwekodzero kana kwevanhu, kana kuburikidza nekukura kusingadzorwiki kwehondo inorwisana nezvombo zvekare. Iwe unogona here kutaura chimwe chinhu pamusoro pengozi iyi huru?
Kune nzira dzakawanda idzo hondo yenyukireya ingatanga. Ndinoda kutaura nezve "M" mashanu. Izvi ndeizvi: hutsinye, kupenga, kukanganisa, kusarongeka uye kubata. Pakati pevashanu izvi, huipi chete hunoenderana nekukwanisa kudzivirirwa nekudzivirira kwenyukireya uye kweizvi hapana chokwadi. Asi kudzivisa kwenyukireya (kutyisidzira kwekudzorera kwenyukireya) hakuzove nemazvo pakurwisa kupenga, kukanganisa, kusarongeka kana kukanganisa (kubiridzira). Sezvaunofunga, chero hondo munguva yenyukireya inogona kuwedzera kuita hondo yenyukireya. Ini ndinotenda kuti hondo yenyukireya, zvisinei kuti yaizotanga sei, inokonzeresa njodzi huru irikatarisana nevanhu, uye inogona kungodzivirirwa nekubviswa zvachose kwezvombo zvenyukireya, zvakawanikwa kuburikidza nekutaurirana kwakamiswa, kunoitika, kusingadzokezve uye kujekesa.
John: Unogona here kurondedzera migumisiro yehondo yenyukireya pahuzone yezone, pamusoro pekushisa kwepasi pose, nekurima? Hondo yenyukireya ingakonzera nzara huru here?
David: Kunzwisisa kwangu ndekwekuti hondo yenyukireya yaizonyanya kuparadza ozone layer ichibvumira mwero wakanyanyisa wemwaranzi yeultraviolet kusvika pasi. Pamusoro pezvo, hondo yenyukireya yaizodzikisa zvakanyanya tembiricha, pamwe ichikanda nyika muI Ice Age nyowani. Mhedzisiro yehondo yenyukireya pane zvekurima yaizo nyorwa kwazvo. Masayendisiti emuchadenga anotiudza kuti kunyangwe "diki" hondo yenyukireya pakati peIndia nePakistan umo mativi ese akashandisa zvombo zvenyukireya makumi mashanu kumaguta erimwe divi aigona kuisa muto wakaringana mu stratosphere kuvhara kupisa kwezuva, kupfupisa nguva dzekukura, uye kukonzera nzara kuwanda kutungamira kusvika kufa mabhiriyoni maviri evanhu. Hondo huru yenyukireya yaizounza zvakatonyanya kukuvadza, kusanganisira mukana wekuparadza hupenyu hwakaomarara pasi pano.
John: Ko zvakadini nemigumisiro yemazuva ano kubva muwaini? Unogona here kurondedzera migumisiro yekuongororwa kweBikini pavanhu veMarshall Islands nedzimwe zviwi zviri pedyo?
David: Radiation kudonha ndeimwe yenjodzi dzakasarudzika dzezvombo zvenyukireya. Pakati pa1946 na1958, iyo US yakaita 67 yenyukireya bvunzo muMarshall Islands, iine simba rakaenzana rekubvisa mabhomba e1.6 Hiroshima zuva nezuva kwegumi nemaviri emakore. Pane idzi bvunzo, 23 yakaitwa muBikini Atoll muMarshall Islands. Mimwe yemiedzo iyi yakasvibisa zvitsuwa nemidziyo yekuredza mazana emakiromita kure nenzvimbo dzekuyedza. Zvimwe zviwi zvichiri zvakashatiswa zvakanyanya kuti vagari vadzoke. VeUnited States vakabata zvinonyadzisa vanhu veMarshall Islands avo vakatambura nemhedzisiro yekudonha kwenyuchi seguinea yenguruve, vachiidzidza kuti vadzidze zvakawanda nezve mhedzisiro yemwaranzi pahutano hwevanhu.
John: Iyo Nuclear Age Peace Foundation yakabatana neMarshall Islands mukumhan'arira nyika dzese dzakasaina Chibvumirano cheNuclear Nonproliferation Chibvumirano uye izvozvi zvine zvombo zvenyukireya zvekutyora Chinyorwa VI cheNPT. Unogona here kutsanangura zvakaitika? Gurukota rinoona nezvekunze kweMarshall Islands, Tony deBrum, akahwina mubairo weRight Livelihood mubairo wake mudare redzimhosva. Unogona here kutiudza chimwe chinhu nezve izvi?
David: Iyo Nuclear Age Peace Foundation yakabvunza neMarshall Islands pamatare avo ehugamba kurwisa nyika pfumbamwe dzakapakata zvombo zvenyukireya (US, Russia, UK, France, China, Israel, India, Pakistan, uye North Korea). Mhosva dziri muInternational Court of Justice (ICJ) muThe Hague dzaipokana neshanu dzekutanga dzenyika idzi nekutadza kuzadzisa zvisungo zvavo zvekutora zvombo pasi peChitsauko VI cheNon-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) yenhaurirano dzekupedza nhangemutange yemaoko enyukireya. uye kugadzirisa zvombo zvenyukireya. Dzimwe nyika ina dzakapakata zvombo zvenyukireya, idzo dzisiri mapato eNPT, dzakamhan'arirwa nekuda kwekutadza kumwe kutaurirana, asi pasi pemutemo wepasi rose. IUS yakamhan'arirwa kuwedzera muUS federal court.
Pakati penyika pfumbamwe, chete UK, India nePakistan ndivo vakagamuchira masimba ekumanikidzwa eICJ. Muzviitiko izvi zvitatu Dare rakapa mutongo wekuti pakanga pasina gakava rakaringana pakati pemapato uye rikadzinga nyaya idzi pasina kusvika kumatare edzimhosva. Mavhoti evatongi gumi nematanhatu paICJ aive pedyo chaizvo; mune nyaya yeUK vatongi vakapatsanura 16 kusvika 8 uye nyaya yacho yakatemwa nevhoti yekukanda yemutungamiriri weDare, aive French. Mhosva iri muUS federal court yakadzingwawo isati yasvika pakukodzera kwenyaya iyi. Marshall Islands ndiyo yega nyika pasi rose inoda kupokana nenyika pfumbamwe dzakapakata zvombo zvenyukireya mumatare aya, uye akazviita pasi pehutungamiriri hwakashinga hwaTony de Brum, uyo akagamuchira mibairo mizhinji yehutungamiriri hwake panyaya iyi. Chaive rukudzo kwatiri kushanda naye pamatare aya. Zvinosuruvarisa, Tony akashaya muna 8.
John: Musi waJuly 7, 2017, Bumbiro reChirongwa cheNyukliya Weapons (TPNW) rakaparidzwa nehuwandu hwakawanda neUnited Nations General Assembly. Ichi chaiva kukunda kukuru muhondo yekubvisa nyika yenjodzi yekuparadzwa kwe nyukireya. Iwe unogona here kutiudza chimwe chinhu pamusoro penzvimbo yemazuva ano yeSungano?
David: Iyo Chibvumirano ichiri munzira yekuwana masiginecha uye kugadziriswa. Ichapinda mukushanda mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe mushure memakumi mashanuth nyika inoisa kubvumidzwa kwayo kana kuisirwa kwairi. Parizvino, nyika makumi manomwe neshanu dzakasaina uye gumi nenomwe dzakabvumirana kana kubvumirana muchibvumirano, asi nhamba idzi dzinoshanduka kazhinji. ICAN nemasangano ayo anodyidzana anoenderera mberi nekukumbira nyika kuti dzibatane nechibvumirano.
John: ICAN yakagamuchira Mupiro weKugare weNobel nokuda kwekuedza kwayo kunotungamirira pakugadzwa kweTPNW. Sangano reNuclear Age Peace Foundation nderimwe remasangano e468 anoumba ICAN, uye naizvozvo, nenzira yakati, wakatove wakagamuchira Nobel Peace Prize. Ndine nguva dzakawanda ndakakusarudza iwe, iwe pachako, uye NAPF senhengo yeNobel Peace Prize. Unokwanisa here kutarisa kwatiri mabasa angaita kuti iwe uwane mubairo?
David: John, wandisarudza nemutsa neNAPF kanoverengeka weNobel Peace Prize, iyo yandinokutenda zvikuru. Ini ndingati chinhu chikuru chandakaita ndechekuwana nekutungamira iyo Nuclear Age Runyararo Foundation uye nekushanda zvakatsiga uye kusingazununguki kwerunyararo uye zvachose kubviswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya. Ini handizive kana izvi zvaizondikodzera ini weNobel Peace Prize, asi rave riri rakanaka uye rakanaka basa randiri kudada naro. Ini ndinonzwawo kuti basa redu kuSiseko, kunyangwe riri repasi rese, rinotarisa zvakanyanya kuUnited States, uye iri nyika yakaoma zvikuru yekufambira mberi.
Asi ini ndaizotaura izvi. Zvave zvichifadza kushandira zvinangwa zvine musoro zvakadaro kuvanhu vese uye, mukuita basa rakadai, ndawana vanhu vazhinji, vazhinji vakazvipira vanokodzera kuwana Mubayiro weNobel Peace, kusanganisira iwe. Kune vazhinji vane tarenda uye vakazvipira vanhu murunyararo uye nyukireya kubvisa zvigaro, uye ini ndinopfugama kwavari vese Ndiro basa rakanyanya kukosha, kwete mibairo, kunyangwe iyo Nobel, kunyangwe kuzivikanwa kunouya neNobel kunogona kubatsira mukufambira mberi. Ini ndinofunga izvi zvanga zviri izvo neICAN, iyo yatakabatana pakutanga uye takashanda padhuze neayo makore apfuura. Nekudaro, isu tinofara kugovana mubairo uyu.
John: Masoja-makambani ezvemabhizimisi munyika yose vanoda nharo dzengozi kuti varatidze mari yavo yakawanda. Iwe unogona here kutaura chimwe chinhu pamusoro pezvipingamupinyi zvekushungurudza kunokonzera?
David: Hongu, zvivakwa zvemauto nemaindasitiri pasi rese zvine njodzi zvakanyanya. Haisi yavo chete brinkmanship iri dambudziko, asi iyo hombe mari yavanogamuchira iyo inotora kubva kumagariro zvirongwa zvehutano, dzidzo, dzimba. uye kuchengetedza nharaunda. Huwandu hwemari dzinoenda kunzvimbo yekumauto-maindasitiri munyika zhinji, uye kunyanya muUS, zvinonyadzisa.
Ndichangobva kuverenga bhuku guru, rakanyorwa Simba kuburikidza nerunyararo, yakanyorwa naJudith Eve Lipton naDavid P. Barash. Iri ibhuku rinotaura nezve Costa Rica, nyika yakasiya mauto ayo mu1948 uye yakagara zvakanyanya murunyararo munzvimbo ine njodzi yenyika kubvira ipapo. Musoro webhuku uyu ndi "Maitiro Ekuita Zvematongerwe Enyika Kwakakonzera Runyararo uye Mufaro muCosta Rica, & Izvo Izvo Nyika Dzese Dzinogona Kudzidza kubva kune Rudiki Nyika Inopisa." Iri ibhuku rinoshamisa rinoratidza kuti kune nzira dziri nani dzekutsvaga runyararo kupfuura kuburikidza nesimba remauto. Iyo inoshandura dhara rekare reRoma pamusoro wayo. Varoma vakati, "Kana uchida rugare, gadzirira kurwa." Muenzaniso weCosta Rican unoti, "Kana iwe uchida runyararo, gadzirira rugare." Iyo nzira inonzwisisika uye yakadzikama kurunyararo.
John: Kutungamira kwaDonald Trump kwakabatsira here kune njodzi yehondo yenyukireya?
David: Ini ndinofunga kuti Donald Trump pachake akonzera njodzi yenyukireya hondo. Iye anonyanyisa, ane hushamwari, uye kazhinji haachinji, inova mubatanidzwa unotyisa wehunhu hwemumwe munhu anotarisira zvombo zvenyukireya zvine simba kwazvo pasi rese. Akakomberedzwa neEhe varume, avo vanowanzoita kunge vanomuudza zvaari kuda kunzwa. Zvakare, VaTrump vaburitsa US muchibvumirano neIran, uye vazivisa chinangwa chavo chekubuda muchibvumirano cheIntermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Chibvumirano neRussia. Kudzora kwaTrump kwenyukireya yeUS yenyukireya kunogona kuva njodzi inotyisa kubva kuhondo yenyukireya kubvira pakutanga kweNyukireya Age.
John: Iwe unogona here kutaura chimwe pamusoro pezvipfeko zvemazuva ano muCalifornia? Ichinetso chemamiriro ekunze chinoshandura dambudziko rakafanana nenjodzi yenjurikireya here?
David: Moto wesango muCalifornia wave unotyisa, wakaipisisa munhoroondo yeCalifornia. Iyi moto inotyisa ndeimwezve kuratidzwa kwekudziya kwepasi, sezvakangoita kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwedutu, madutu nezvimwe zviitiko zvine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze. Ini ndinotenda kuti njodzi inoshanduka shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ingango fanika nenjodzi yenjodzi yenyukireya. Njodzi yenyukireya inogona kuitika chero nguva. Nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze tiri kuswedera padanho kubva kwaisazove nekudzokera kuchinyakare uye pasi redu rinoera richava risingagarike nevanhu.
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John Scales Avery, Ph.D., uyo aiva chikamu cheboka rakagovana 1995 Nobel Peace Prize nokuda kwebasa ravo mukugadzira Pugwash Conferences pamusoro peScience uye World Affairs, inhengo ye TRANSCEND Network uye Purofesa Mubatanidzwa Emeritus paHC Ørsted Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Ndiye sachigaro weDanish National Pugwash Group uye Danish Peace Academy uye akagamuchira kudzidziswa kwake mune fisikiti yezvinyorwa uye nyanzvi yemakemikari paMIT, University of Chicago uye University of London. Iye ndiye munyori wemabhuku akawanda uye zvinyorwa zvose pamusoro pezvidzidzo zvezesayenzi uye pamibvunzo yakawanda yemagariro evanhu. Mabhuku ake achangobva kupfuura ndeye Information Theory uye Evolution uye Crisis Crisis in the 21st Century
