NaJoseph Gerson, Nharo Dzose
Zvatinofarira uye kurarama zvinoenderana neCommon Security diplomacy pane kudzokororwa nekuuraya kukundikana kwechiuto.
Mumhinduro yavo yekutanga paruzhinji kuvhoti yeBrexit iyo yakazunguza Europe nepasirese, Mutungamiri Obama vakatsvaga kuvimbisa vanhu vekuAmerica nevamwe. Akatikurudzira kuti tisapiwe muhusteria uye akasimbisa kuti NATO haina kunyangarika neBrexit. Iyo Trans-Atlantic mubatanidzwa, akayeuchidza nyika, inotsungirira.1 Tichitarisa chingave chiri kunonoka kuparara kweEuropean Union pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kune vanopokana neEuro, tsvaga veUS nevanodyidzana veEuropean elite kuti vawedzere zvisungo zvavo kumubatanidzwa weNATO wemakore makumi matanhatu nemanomwe. Iyo hysteria yakagadzirwa mushure mekutora kweRussia kuCrimea uye kupindira kumabvazuva kweUkraine uye kutya kwekudonha kubva kuhondo dziri kuramba dzichienderera uye njodzi muMiddle East ichashanda senzvimbo dzekutengesa dzeNATO.
Asi, sezvatinotarisana neramangwana, kana / kana kufunga uye NATO inoda kusiiwa. Sezvo kunyange Mutungamiri Carter's National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski akadzidzisa, kubva pakuvambwa kwayo NATO yanga iri chirongwa cheumambo.2 Panzvimbo pekugadzira Hondo Yemashoko nyowani, yakazara uye ine njodzi zvakanyanya, zvatinofarira uye kurarama zvinoenderana neCommon Security diplomacy.3 pane kukundikana kunodzokororwa uye kunouraya kwechiuto.
Izvi hazvireve kufuratira kurwisa kwaPutin pakusununguka kutaura uye democracy, kana kuMoscow's nuclear saber rattling uye cyberattacks.4 Asi zvinoreva kuti tinofanira kurangarira kuti Common Security diplomacy yakagumisa Hondo Yemashoko, iyo inodzvinyirira uye ine hutsinye kunyange Putin angave, akasunga njodzi yeRussia Yeltsin-era freefall, uye akaita basa rakakosha mukubvisa zvombo zvemakemikari zveSyria uye P-5+1 chibvumirano chenyukireya neIran. Isu tinofanirawo kubvuma kuti nemamiriyoni maviri evanhu vari mumajeri eUnited States, kusanganisira Guantanamo, kumbundirwa kwehurumende yePoland inozvitonga uye humambo hweSaudi, uye "Pivot kuAsia" yehondo, US inotungamira nyika isina-yakasununguka.
Zero-sum kufunga hakusi mukuda kwechero munhu. Pane Common Security dzimwe nzira dzemazuva ano dziri kuwedzera uye dzine ngozi kunetsana kwemauto.
Isu tinopokana neNATO nekuda kwehutongi hwayo hweneo-colonial hwevazhinji veEurope, mabasa ayo muhondo dzehumambo uye kutonga, kutyisidzira kuriko kwenyukireya kwainoisa mukupona kwevanhu, uye nekuti inotsausa mari kubva kune akakosha masevhisi emagariro, kuderedza hupenyu muUS uye mamwe. marudzi.
William Faulkner akanyora kuti "zvakapfuura hazvina kufa, kuti hazvisati zvambopfuura," chokwadi chinodzokorora nevhoti yeBrexit. Maonero edu kune zvazvino uye kune ramangwana anofanira nokudaro kuziviswa nenjodzi dzenhoroondo. Nyika dzeCentral neEastern Europe dzinosanganisira Poland dzakakundwa, dzakatongwa uye dzakadzvinyirirwa neLithuanians, Swedes, Germans, Tatars, Ottomans and Russians -pamwe chete nemadhipatimendi akakura pamba. Uye Poland yaimbova simba reumambo muUkraine.
Tichifunga iyi nhoroondo uye zvimwe zvinotariswa, kupenga kuisa njodzi yekuparara kwenyukireya kumanikidza miganhu chero nguva. Uye sezvatakadzidza kubva kuCommon Security resolution yeCold War, kupona kwedu kunoenderana nekunetsa kwechinyakare chengetedzo kufunga. Kuwedzera kusawirirana kunouya nekubatana kwemauto, makwikwi ezvombo, mauto-maindasitiri nzvimbo uye chauvinism yenyika inogona kukundwa nezvisungo zvekuremekedzana.
1913?
Iyi inguva ine zvakafanana nemakore akatangira Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Nyika inoratidzirwa nekusimuka nekuderera kwemasimba ane shungu yekuchengeta kana kuwedzera ropafadzo nesimba ravo. Tine mijaho yezvombo nehunyanzvi hutsva; kusimudzira nyika, kukakavadzana kwenzvimbo, kukwikwidzana kwezviwanikwa, hurongwa hwemubatanidzwa, kubatanidzwa kwehupfumi nemakwikwi, uye vatambi vemakadhi emusango anosanganisira Secretary of Defense weUS anogadzirira musangano weNATO nekutevedzera mafirimu ematsotsi achiti “Iwe unoedza chero chinhu, uchaenda. sorry”,5 pamwe chete nemauto ekurudyi muUS neEurope, uye vanopenga vechitendero vanopenga.
Makwikwi eNATO neRussia maekisesaizi echiuto ari kukonzera kusawirirana kwemauto zvekuti aimbove Secretary of Defense Perry anoyambira kuti hondo yenyukireya yave kuitika kupfuura panguva yehondo yechando.6 Carl Conetta aitaura chokwadi paakanyora "NATO's militaristic response" kuRussia muUkraine "muenzaniso wakakwana wekuratidza maitiro-maitiro ekutenderera." Moscow, anotsanangura kudaro, haina "chido chekuzviuraya ... haina chinangwa chekurwisa NATO."7 Mwedzi wapera Anaconda-2016, waisanganisira mauto eNATO 31,000 - 14,000 acho ari muno muPoland - uye mauto kubva kunyika makumi maviri neina ndiwo waive mutambo mukuru wehondo muEastern Europe kubva muCold War.8 Fungidzira mhinduro yeWashington kana Russia kana China yakaita mitambo yehondo yakafanana pamuganhu weMexico.
Kupihwa kuwedzera kweNATO kumiganhu yayo; dzimbahwe rayo idzva reunyanzvi muPoland neRomania; kwakawedzera kutumirwa kwemauto uye kudzidzira kwechiuto kunotsamwisa kuEast Europe, nyika dzeBaltic, Scandinavia neBlack Sea, pamwe neUS kupeta kane mari yayo yekushandisa muhondo kuEurope, hatifanirwe kushamisika kuti Russia iri kuyedza "kupikisa" NATO's. vaka. Uye, neWashington yekutanga-yakabatana nekudzivirira missile muRomania nePoland uye hukuru hwayo mune zvakajairwa, zvepamusoro-soro uye zvombo zvemuchadenga, isu tinofanirwa kuvhundutswa asi tisingashamiswe nekuwedzera kweMoscow kuvimba nezvombo zvenyukireya.
Tichirangarira migumisiro yemabara akapfurwa nepfuti yemhondi muSarajevo zana remakore rapfuura, tine chikonzero chokunetseka pamusoro pezvingazoitika kana musoja anotya kana kuti ane hasha zvikuru weUS, wokuRussia kana wokuPoland, akasunda kupfuura miganhu yavo, nehasha kana netsaona, inopisa chombo chinorwisa-ndege chinoburutsira US, NATO kana imwe ndege yehondo yeRussia. Sezvo komisheni yeEuropean-Russian-US Deep Cuts Commission yakagumisa "Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekusavimbana kwakadzama, kuwedzera kwakasimba kwezviitwa zvechiuto zvine hutsinye padyo - uye kunyanya mauto emuchadenga uye zviitiko zvemugungwa munzvimbo dzeBaltic neBlack Sea - zvinogona. kuguma kune zvimwe zviitiko zvine ngozi zvemauto izvo…. zvinogona kukonzera kusaverengera uye/kana tsaona uye kubuda munzira dzausingafungire.”9 Vanhu vanhu. Tsaona dzinoitika. Masisitimu anovakwa kuti apindure - dzimwe nguva otomatiki.
An Imperial Alliance
NATO imubatanidzwa weumambo. Kupfuura chinangwa chinooneka chekuve neUSSR, NATO yaita kuti zvikwanise kubatanidza hurumende dzeEurope, hupfumi, mauto, matekinoroji uye nzanga muUS inotongwa masisitimu. NATO yakavimbisa kuwana kweUS kune zvigadziko zvemauto zvekupindira mhiri kweGreater Middle East neAfrica. Uye, sekunyora kwakaita Michael T. Glennon, nehondo ya1999 yakatarisana neSerbia, US neNATO “nenhaurirano shoma uye fambiro shoma… gadziriro inoshivirira zvikuru kupindira kwemauto asi ine mitemo mishoma yakaoma uye inokurumidza.” Saka zvinonzwisisika kuti Putin akatora sirogani "Mitemo mitsva kana kuti hapana mitemo, nekuzvipira kwake kune yekutanga.10
Kubva pahondo yeSerbia, zvinopesana neUN Charter, US neNATO vakapinda muAfghanistan neIraq, vakaparadza Libya, uye nyika sere dzeNATO dzave kurwa muSyria. Asi isu tine manyepo eMunyori Mukuru weNATO Stoltenberg achiti hapagone kuve nebhizinesi semazuva ese kusvika Russia yaremekedza mutemo wepasi rose.11
Yeuka kuti munyori mukuru wekutanga weNATO, Ishe Ismay akatsanangura kuti mubatanidzwa wacho wakagadzirirwa "kuchengetedza maGermany pasi, maRussia kunze uye maAmerica mukati", iyo haisi iyo nzira yekuvaka imba yakafanana yeEurope. Yakagadzirwa pamberi peWarsaw Pact, apo Russia yakanga ichiri kuzununguka kubva mukuparadzwa kweNazi. Zvakanga zvisina kunaka, chibvumirano cheYalta chakakamura Europe kuita US neSoviet mativi, chakaonekwa nevagadziri vemitemo veUS semutengo waifanira kubhadharwa kuMoscow yakadzinga mauto aHitler kumabvazuva nepakati peEurope. Nenhoroondo yaNapoleon, Kaiser naHitler, kugadzwa kweUS kwakanzwisisa kuti Stalin aive nechikonzero chekutya kurwiswa kweramangwana kubva kuMadokero. IUS saka yaive yakabatana mukudzvinyirira kweMoscow kudzvanyirira nyika dzeEastern Europe neBaltic.
Dzimwe nguva veUS "chengetedzo yenyika" vepamusoro vanotaura chokwadi. Zbigniew Brzezinski, aimbove Mutungamiriri Carter's National Security Advisor, akaburitsa chinyorwa chinotsanangura kuti chii chaakadaidza kuti US "imperial project"12 anoshanda. Geostrategically, akatsanangura, kutonga pamusoro peEurasian heartland kwakakosha kuti ive simba guru renyika. Kugadzira simba rekumanikidza mukati meEurasian heartland, se "simba rechitsuwa" risiri muEurasia, US inoda kubata mativi eEurasia kumadokero, kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva. Izvo Brzezinski akadana kuti "vassal state" NATO vanobatana, zvinoita kuti 'kudzika midzi kwesimba rezvematongerwo enyika reAmerica nesimba remauto munyika yeEurasia. Mushure mevhoti yeBrexit, veUS neEuropean elites vachavimba zvakanyanya neNATO mukuedza kwavo kubatanidza Europe pamwe nekusimbisa pesvedzero yeUS.
Pane zvinopfuura kubatanidza nzvimbo yeEurope, zviwanikwa uye matekinoroji muUS inotongwa masisitimu. Sekutaura kwaaimbova Munyori weHondo Rumsfeld, mutsika yekupatsanura nekukunda, nekutamba Nyowani (Eastern neCentral) Europe ichipokana neOld Europe kuMadokero, Washington yakakunda French, Germany neDutch rutsigiro rwehondo yekubvisa Saddam Hussein.
Uye neizvo kunyange New York Times inotsanangura se "bapiro rekurudyi, kurwisa nyika kune vezvenhau nematare edzimhosva" uye "kubva patsika dzakakosha dzedemocracy yakasununguka" nehurumende yeKacynski, US haina kuzeza mukugadzira Poland. iyo yekumabvazuva hub yeNATO.13 Kutaura kweWashington pamusoro pezvisungo zvayo kugutsaruzhinji kunorambwa nenhoroondo yayo refu yekutsigira vadzvinyiriri uye hutongi hwehudzvanyiriri muEurope, monarchies seSaudis, pamwe nehondo dzayo dzekukunda kubva kuPhilippine neVietnam kuenda kuIraq neLibya.
Washington's European toehold yakasimbisawo kubata kwayo kuSouthern Eurasia's resource rich periphery. Hondo dzeNATO muAfghanistan neMiddle East dzinotevera mutsika yeEuropean colonialism. Pamberi pedambudziko reUkraine, Pentagon's zano rekutungamira14 akapa NATO basa rekuona kutonga kwezvicherwa nekutengeserana uku ichisimbisa kutenderedzwa kweChina pamwe neRussia.15 Saka NATO yakagamuchira dzidziso ye "kunze kwenzvimbo" dzidziso, ichiita izvo zvakanzi Secretary Kerry "kushanya" muAfrica, Middle East, uye kunze kwechinangwa chekutanga chemubatanidzwa.16
Chakakosha ku "kunze kwenzvimbo" mashandiro anga ari eUS drone hondo kusanganisira iyo Obama kuuraya rondedzero uye US neNATO kunze kwekutonga kuuraya drone, mazhinji ayo akauraya vanhuwo zvavo. Izviwo zvave kuita kuti vanhu vasaramba vachipikisa uye hugandanga. Nyika gumi neshanu dzeNATO dzinotora chikamu muAlliance Ground Surveillance (AGS) drone system inoshanda kubva kuNATO base muItari, ine NATO's Global Hawk killer drones inoshandiswa kubva kuRamstein Air Base kuGermany.17
Ukraine uye kuwedzera kweNATO
Huwandu huri kuwedzera hwevaongorori vehunyanzvi hweUS, kusanganisira aimbove Mutungamiriri Mukuru weUS Strategic Command General Lee Butler vakati US post-Cold War "kukunda," vachibata Russia se "serf yakadzingwa," uye kuwedzera kweNATO kune varwi veRussia kunyangwe Chibvumirano cheBush I-Gorbachev chakakonzera kusawirirana kwemauto neRussia nhasi.18 Russia haina kukonzera dambudziko reUkraine. Kuwedzera kweNATO kumiganhu yeRussia, kudomwa kweUkraine senyika yeNATO "inoshuvira", uye Hondo yeKosovo neIraq imwe neimwe yakaita basa rayo.
Izvi hazvireve kuti Putin haana mhosva sezvo achimutsiridza huwori hwake neo-Tsarist nyika uye mishandirapamwe yekusimbisa pesvedzero yezvematongerwo enyika yeRussia mu "pedyo kunze kwenyika" neEurope pachayo, uye sezvaanorova hupfumi hweRussia nemauto kuChina. Asi, kudivi redu, tine Secretary Kerry's Orwellian doublespeak. Akashora “chiito chisingadaviriki choutsinye” cheMoscow muUkraine, achiti “muzana remakore rechi21 hauzviiti nenzira yomuzana remakore rechi19 nokupinda mune imwe nyika nechisimba [ne]kunyepera zvachose.”19 Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, neLibya zvakanyangarika mugomba rake rendangariro!
Masimba makuru akapindira kwenguva refu muUkraine, uye izvi ndizvo zvakaitika kuMaidan coup. Zvichitungamira kumubatanidzwa, Washington neEU dzakadira mabhiriyoni emadhora mukusimudzira nekusimudzira vadyidzani veUkraine kuti vatendeutse yaimbova Soviet republic kubva kuMoscow uye yakananga kumadokero. Vazhinji vanokanganwa chirevo cheEU kuhurumende ine huwori yeYanukovych: Ukraine inogona kutora matanho anotevera ekuva nhengo yeEU chete nekupisa mabhiriji ayo kuMoscow, uko kumabvazuva kweUkraine kwainge kwakasungirirwa mune zvehupfumi kwemakumi emakore. Sezvo makakatanwa akavakwa muKiev, CIA Director Brennan, Mutevedzeri weMunyori weHurumende Victoria Nuland -anozivikanwa ne "fuck the EU" kusaremekedza vatsigiri veWashington - uye Senator McCain akaenda kuMaidan kunokurudzira chimurenga. Uye, pakangotanga kupfura, US neEU vakatadza kubata vadyidzani vavo vekuUkraine kuchibvumirano chekugovana masimba cheApril Geneva.
Chokwadi ndechekuti kupindira kwezvematongerwo enyika kwekuMadokero uye kutorwa kweRussia kweCrimea kwakatyora Budapest Memorandum ya1994, iyo yakapa masimba "kuremekedza rusununguko, kuzvitonga uye miganhu iripo yeUkraine,"20 uye "kurega kutyisidzira kwekushandiswa kwechisimba kurwisa kuvimbika kwenzvimbo kana rusununguko rwezvematongerwo enyika rweUkraine." Chii icho Hitler akati pamusoro pezvibvumirano zviri zvimedu zvemapepa?
Ko kupandukira hurumende nehondo yevagari vemo zvakatiunzira chii? Imwe seti yemaorigarch ane huori achitsiva imwe.21 Rufu nekutambura. Mauto echiFascist aimbobatana naHitler zvino ave chikamu chevakuru vanotonga veUkraine, uye vakaoma musoro muWashington, Moscow, neEurope yose vakasimbiswa.
Kubva pakutanga, imwe nzira yechokwadi yaive kusikwa kweUkraine isina kwayakarerekera, yakabatana mune zvehupfumi kune ese EU neRussia.
NATO: A Nuclear Alliance
Pamusoro pedambudziko reUkraine, isu tave nemushandirapamwe weWashington neNATO wekubvisa hudzvanyiriri hweAssad uye kupindira kwemauto eRussia muSyria kusimbisa mauto eMiddle East nezvematongerwo enyika. Russia haizosiya Assad, uye kumanikidza nzvimbo "isina kubhururuka" iyo vamiriri vaHillary Clinton inoda kuparadzwa kweRussia inorwisa ndege, zvichikonzera kukwira kwemauto.
Ukraine neSyria zvinotiyeuchidza kuti NATO mubatanidzwa wenyukireya, uye kuti njodzi yenjodzi yekutsinhana kwenyukireya haina kupera nekupera kweCold War. Zvakare tinonzwa kupenga kwekuti "NATO haizokwanisa kusiya zvinhu pazvombo zvakajairika" uye kuti "Chidziviriro chinotendwa chinosanganisira zvombo zvenyukireya ..."22
Ngozi yenyukireya yakakura sei? Putin anotiudza kuti akafunga kushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya kusimbisa kutonga kweRussia kweCrimea. Uye, Daniel Ellsberg akashuma kuti US neRussia mauto enyukireya aive akangwarira mukutanga kwedambudziko reUkraine.23
Shamwari, tinoudzwa kuti zvombo zvenyukireya zveUS zvinoiswa chete kudzivirira kurwiswa kwenyukireya. Asi, sekuzivisa kwaBush the Lesser's Pentagon, chinangwa chavo chikuru ndechekudzivirira dzimwe nyika kuita zviito zvinopesana nezvido zveUS.24 Kubva zvakatanga kutumirwa, zvombo izvi zvakashandiswa kune zvinopfuura classical deterrence.
Aichimbova Munyori weHondo Harold Brown akapupura kuti vanobatira chimwe chinangwa. Nezvombo zvenyukireya, akatsinhira, mauto ekare eUnited States akava “midziyo inokosha yesimba rehondo nerezvamatongerwe enyika.” Noam Chomsky anotsanangura kuti izvi zvinoreva kuti "takabudirira zvakakwana kutyisidzira chero munhu angabatsira kuchengetedza vanhu vatakatsunga kurwisa."25
Kutanga nedambudziko reIran ra1946 - Soviet Union isati yave simba renyukireya - kuburikidza neBush-Obama "zvese zvingasarudzwa zviri patafura" kutyisidzira Iran, zvombo zvenyukireya muEurope zvakashanda sevanonyanya kusimbisa US Middle East hegemony. Zvombo zvenyukireya zveUS muEurope zvakaiswa payambiro panguva yekuunganidza kwenyukireya kwaNixon "kupenga" kutyisidzira Vietnam, Russia neChina, uye vangangove vakaiswa vakasvinura mune dzimwe hondo dzeAsia nematambudziko.26
Zvombo zvenyukireya zveNATO zvinoshanda chimwezve chinangwa: kudzivirira "kubvisa" kubva kuUnited States. Munguva ye2010 Lisbon Summit, kuitira kudzikamisa sarudzo dzenhengo dzeNATO, "basa rakagovaniswa kwazvo rekutumira nekutsigira kushanda" kwegadziriro yehondo yenyukireya rakasimbiswa zvakare. Zvikuru, zvakaziviswa kuti "Chero shanduko mugwaro iri, kusanganisira kugoverwa kwenzvimbo kweNATO nyukireya deployments muEurope, inofanira kuitwa ... neAlliance seyakazara ... uye kugoverana mungozi.”27 Uye zvino, manheru emusangano weNATO uye kuendeswa kwehondo itsva dzeB-61-12 muEurope, General Breedlove, kusvika nguva pfupi yapfuura Mutungamiriri Mukuru weNATO, akasimbirira kuti US inofanira kusimudzira maitiro enyukireya nevabatsiri vayo veNATO kuratidza. "chisarudzo uye kugona" kwavo.28
Common Security Alternative kune NATO
Shamwari, nhoroondo inofambiswa uye mitemo yehurumende inoshandurwa nechisimba chakakurumbira kubva pasi. Ndiwo mawaniro atakaita kodzero dzeveruzhinji muUS, takatungamira Congress kuti ibvise mari yehondo yeVietnam, uye pamwechete takamanikidza Reagan kuti atange nhaurirano dzekubvisa zvombo naGorbachev. Ndiwo maputsirwo akaita Rusvingo rweBerlin uye Soviet colonialism yakadzoserwa mudustbin yenhoroondo.
Dambudziko ratinotarisana naro nderekupindura kune NATO's imperialism uye kune njodzi dzinowedzera dzehondo huru yehondo nekufungidzira uye nekukurumidzira kunodiwa nenguva yedu. Kana Poland neRussia kana Washington neMoscow zvichange zvichigara mukuwirirana chero nguva munguva pfupi iri kutevera, asi Common Security inopa nzira kune ramangwana rakadaro.
Chengetedzo Yavose inobatanidza zvokwadi yekare yokuti munhu kana kuti rudzi harungagoni kuchengeteka kana zviito zvavo zvichiita kuti muvakidzani wavo kana kuti muvengi awedzere kutya uye kusachengeteka. Pakukwira kweHondo Yemashoko, apo zvombo zvenyukireya zve30,000 zvakatyisidzira apocalypse, Mutungamiriri weSweden Palme akaunganidza nhamba dzinotungamira dzeUS, Europe neSoviet kuti dziongorore nzira dzekudzokera kumashure kubva kumucheto.29 Common Security ndiyo yaive mhinduro yavo. Zvakatungamira kunhaurirano dzeIntermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty, iyo yakashanda yakagumisa Cold War muna 1987.
Muchidimbu, divi rimwe nerimwe rinodoma zviri kuitwa nerimwe zvinokonzeresa kutya uye kusachengeteka. Bato rechipiri rinoita zvimwe chetezvo. Bva, munhaurirano dzakaoma vamiriri vanocherekedza zviito rutivi rumwe norumwe runogona kutora nhanho dzokuderedza kutya kwomumwe pasina kukanganisa chengeteko yenyika yavo. Sokutsanangura kwakaita Reiner Braun, zvinoda kuti “zvinofarirwa nevamwe zvionekwe sezviri pamutemo uye zvinofanira kurangarirwa mukuita [kwemunhu] kuita zvisarudzo…Kuchengeteka kunowanzoreva kutaurirana, nhaurirano nekushandira pamwe; zvinoreva kugadzirisa kusawirirana kune rugare. Chengetedzo inogona kuwanikwa chete nenhamburiko dzakabatana kana kusatombowana zvachose. "30
Ko iyo Common Security order ingaite sei? Nhaurirano dzekugadzira Ukraine isina kwayakarerekera ine kuzvitonga kwedunhu kumatunhu ayo uye hukama hwehupfumi kune ese Russia neWest dzaizopedza hondo iyoyo uye kugadzira hwaro hwakachengeteka hwehukama hwakavandudzika pakati peEurope neRussia uye pakati pemasimba makuru. Iyo Deep Cuts Commission inokurudzira kuti kusimudzira basa reOSCE "iyo imwe mativi mazhinji papuratifomu iyo nhaurirano nezve zvine chekuita nezvekuchengetedza inogona uye inofanira kutangwazve pasina kunonoka."31 Nokufamba kwenguva inofanira kutsiva NATO. Mamwe mazano eDeep Cuts Commission anosanganisira:
- Kupa pamberi penhaurirano dzeUS-Russian kudzora uye kugadzirisa zvakanyanya kuvakwa kwemauto uye kusawirirana kwemauto munzvimbo yeBaltic.
- "[P] kudzoreredza [kuisa] zviitiko zvemauto zvine ngozi nekumisa mitemo chaiyo yekuita ... uye kumutsidzira nhaurirano pamatanho ekudzikisa njodzi yenyukireya."
- US neRussia vachizvipira kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwavo kwekutevedzera Chibvumirano cheINF uye kubvisa njodzi dziri kukura dzekuvandudza zvombo zvenyukireya-nezvombo zvechikepe chengarava uye kutumirwa.
- Kugadzirisa njodzi iri kukura ye hyper-sonic strategic zvombo.
Uye, nepo Komisheni ichidaidzira kuzvidzora mukuvandudzwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya, zviri pachena kuti chinangwa chedu chinofanira kunge chiri kupera kwekusimudzira uye kutumirwa kwezvombo izvi omnicidal.
Nekuderedzwa kwekushandiswa kwemauto, Common Security inorevawo kuchengetedzeka kukuru kwehupfumi, nemari yakawanda yeakakosha masevhisi emagariro, kuve nekugadzirisa uye kudzoreredza kuparara kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, uye kudyara muzvivakwa zvezana ramakore re21.
Imwe nyika inogoneka. Kwete kuNATO. Kwete kuHondo! Rwendo rwedu rwemaira churu runotanga nenhanho dzedu dzimwechete.
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1. http://www.npr.org/2016/06/28/483768326/obama-cautions-against-hysteria-over-brexit-vote
2. Zbigniew Brzezinski. The Grand Chessboard, Basic Books, New York: 1997.
3. Komisheni Yakazvimiririra yeKubvisa Zvombo uye Nyaya Dzekuchengetedza. Kuchengetedzwa Kwakakwana: Bhiripindi Yekupona. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982. Komisheni, yakatangwa naPrime Minister Palme weSweden, yakaunza pamwe chete nhamba dzinotungamirira kubva kuSoviet Union, Europe uye United States pakakwirira kweCold War. Imwe nzira yavo yeCommon Security yakapa paradigm yakatungamira kunhaurirano yeIntermediate Nuclear Forces Agreement iyo yakazopedza Cold War muna 1987, Rusvingo rweBerlin rusati rwaputsika uye kuputika kweSoviet Union.
4. David Sanger. "SeRussia Hackers Attack, NATO Inoshaya Yakajeka Cyberwar Strategy", New York Times, June 17, 2016
6. William J. Perry. Rwendo Rwangu paNuclear Brink, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015.
7. Carl Connetta. Blog, "RAMPING IT UP"
8. Alex Dubel Smith. "Nyika dzeNato dzinotanga mutambo mukuru wehondo kumabvazuva kweEurope kubva pahondo inotonhora." The Guardian, Chikumi 7, 2016
9. "Kudzoka kubva kuBrink: Toward Restrict and Dialogue between Russia and the West", Brookings Institution: Washington, DC, June, 2016, http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2016/06/russia-west-nato-restraint-dialogue
10. Michael J. Glennon. "Kutsvaga Mutemo Wenyika Dzepasi Pose" Zvekunze, Chivabvu/Chikumi, 1999,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/1999-05-01/new-interventionism-search-just-international-law ;https://marknesop.wordpress.com/2014/12/07/new-rules-or-no-rules-putin-defies-the-newworld-order/
11. Carter paNATO vs. Russia: 'Unoedza Chero Chinhu, Uchanzwira Urombo', PJ Media, Chikumi 1, 2016,https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/2016/06/01/carter-on-nato-vs-russia-you-try-anything-youre-going-to-be-sorry/
12. Zbigniew Brzezinski. Op Cit.
13. “Poland Inotsauka paDemocracy” Lead editor, New York Times, Ndira 13, 2016/
14. John Pilger. Hondo Yenyika Yese yave kutanga ”, Counterpunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/05/14/a-world-war-is-beckoning
15. Kutsigira Utungamiri Hwepasi rose hweUS: Zvinonyanya kukosha ku21st Century Defense, Ndira, 2012.http://www.defense.gov/news/Defense_Strategic_Guidance.pdf
16. John Kerry. "Mashoko paAtlantic Council's 'Kuenda kuEurope Yese uye Yemahara' Musangano", Kubvumbi 29, 2014,http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/04/225380.htm
17. Nigel Chamberlain, "NATO Drones: the 'game changers" NATO Watch, Sept. 26, 2013.
18. https://www.publicintegrity.org/2016/05/27/19731/former-senior-us-general-again-calls-abolishing-nuclear-forces-he-once-commanded'Neil MacFarquhar. "Kutukwa, Kuremekedzwa, uye Kuchiri Kunetsa Russia Kushanduka", International New York nguva, June 2. 18 http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/policy-budget/policy/2016/04/11/business-usual-russia-unlikely-nato-leader-says/82902184/
19. John Kerry. Kerry kuRussia: "Iwe hausi" kupinda mune imwe nyika "nekunyepedzera kwakanyatso kurongeka", Salon.com,http://www.salon.com/2014/03/02/kerry_on_russia_you_just_dont_invade_another_country_on_a_completely_trumped_up_pretext/
20. Jeffrey. "Ukraine uye 1994 Budapest Memorandum", http://armscontrolwonk.com, Kubvumbi 29, 2014.
21. Andrew E. Karmer. "Vakasarudzwa seVanochinja, Vatungamiriri veUkraine Vanorwisa Nhaka Yehuori." New York Times, Chikumi 7, 2016
22. Bern Riegert. Op Cit.
23. Daniel Ellsberg, taura muCambridge, Massachusetts, Chivabvu 13, 2014. Ellsberg aive mukuru weUS mugadziri wehondo yenyukireya muKennedy, Johnson naNixon manejimendi asati aita nhoroondo yakavanzika yePentagon yeVietnam War sarudzo kuita pachena.
24. Dhipatimendi reZviviriro. Doctrine for Joint Nuclear operations, Joint Publication 3-12, 15 March, 2015
25. Joseph Gerson, Op Cit. p. 31
26. Ibid. mapeji 37-38
27. “NATO 2020: chengetedzo yakavimbiswa; kubatanidzwa kwakasimba”, Chivabvu 17, 2010, http://www.nato.int/strategic-concept/strategic-concept-report.html
28. Philip M. Breedlove. "NATO's Next Act: mabatiro eRussia uye Zvimwe Zvinotyisidzira", Zvekunze, Chikunguru / Nyamavhuvhu, 2016
30. Reiner Braun. Musangano Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, 2014 World Conference against Atomic & Hydrogen Bombs, Hiroshima, Nyamavhuvhu 2, 2014.
31. "Kudzoka kubva kuBrink" op. cit.
