NaNicolas JS Davies, Gumiguru 12, 2020
Vanhu vekuAmerican vari kusangana nesarudzo iri kuuya, denda rakauraya vanopfuura mazana maviri ezviuru vedu, pamwe nenhau dzenhau dzemakambani dzine bhizimusi rezvemabhizimusi rakadzikira pakutengesa mhando dzakasiyana dze "Iyo Trump Ratidza”Kuvashambadzi vavo. Saka ndiani ane nguva yekuteerera kuhondo nyowani hafu nzira kutenderera pasirese? Asi nezvakawanda zvepasi pano zvinotambudzwa nemakore makumi maviri e Hondo dzinotungamirwa neUS uye mhirizhonga inokonzeresa yezvematongerwo enyika, yerubatsiro uye yevapoteri, hatigone kuterera kutangisa kwehondo inotyisa iri pakati peArmenia neAzerbaijan pamusoro Nagorno-Karabakh.
Armenia neAzerbaijan vakarwa a hondo ine ropa pamusoro peNagorno-Karabakh kubva muna 1988 kusvika 1994, pakupera kwayo vanhu vanosvika makumi matatu vakaurawa uye miriyoni kana kupfuura vakatiza kana kudzingwa mudzimba dzavo. Pakazosvika 30,000, mauto eArmenian akange atora Nagorno-Karabakh nematunhu manomwe akapoterera, ese epasi rose achizivikanwa senhengo dzeAzerbaijan. Asi ikozvino hondo yamuka zvakare, mazana evanhu akaurayiwa, uye mativi ese ari kukanda zvinangwa zvevanhu nekutyisidzira vanhu vevamwe.
Nagorno-Karabakh anga ari enharaunda yeArmenian kwemazana emakore. Mushure mekunge Humambo hwePezhiya hwapa chikamu ichi cheCaucasus kuenda kuRussia muchibvumirano cheGulistan muna 1813, kuverenga kwekutanga makore gumi akazozivisa huwandu hweNagorno-Karabakh se 91% Armenian. Sarudzo yeUSSR yekugadza Nagorno-Karabakh kuAzerbaijan SSR muna 1923, sekufunga kwayo kupa Crimea kuUkraine SSR muna 1954, yaive sarudzo yekutonga ine mhedzisiro ine njodzi yakazobuda pachena apo USSR yakatanga kuparara kuma1980 apera.
Muna 1988, ichipindura kuratidzira kukuru, paramende yemuno muNagorno-Karabakh yakavhota na110-17 kukumbira kuchinjirwa kwayo kubva kuAzerbaijan SSR kuenda kuArmenian SSR, asi hurumende yeSoviet yakaramba chikumbiro ichi uye mhirizhonga pakati pemadzinza yakawedzera. Muna 1991, Nagorno-Karabakh nenzvimbo yakavakidzana yeArmenian-yakawanda Shahumian, vakaita referendamu yekuzvimirira uye vakazivisa rusununguko kubva kuAzerbaijan se Republic of Artsakh, iro zita rekare reArmenian. Pakapera hondo muna 1994, Nagorno-Karabakh nenharaunda zhinji dzaive dzakapoteredza vaive mumaoko eArmenian, uye mazana ezviuru zvevapoteri vakatiza mativi ese ari maviri.
Pakave nekupesana kubvira 1994, asi gakava razvino ndiro rakanyanya kutyisa uye rinouraya. Kubva 1992, hurukuro dzezvematongerwo enyika dzekugadzirisa gakava dzave kutungamirwa ne "Minsk Boka, ”Yakaumbwa neOrganisheni yeKubatira pamwe neKuchengeteka muEurope (OSCE) uye inotungamirwa neUnited States, Russia neFrance. Muna 2007, iro Minsk Boka rakasangana nevakuru veArmenian neAzerbaijani muMadrid ndokuronga hurongwa hwekugadzirisa mhinduro yezvematongerwo enyika, inozivikanwa se Misimboti yeMadrid.
Iwo maMadrid Misimboti aidzosa mashanu ematunhu gumi nemaviri e Shahumyan purovhinzi kuenda kuAzerbaijan, nepo matunhu mashanu eNaborno-Karabakh nematunhu maviri ari pakati peNagorno-Karabakh neArmenia vaizovhota mureferendamu kuti vasarudze ramangwana ravo, iro mapato ese aizozvipira kutambira zvakabuda. Vapoteri vese vaizove nekodzero yekudzokera kudzimba dzavo dzekare.
Sezvineiwo, mumwe wevanonyanya kutaura vanopokana neMadrid Principles ndiyo Armenian National Komiti yeAmerica (ANCA), boka rekushambadzira revaArmenian vari muUnited States. Inotsigira zvirevo zveArmenian kunharaunda yese inopokana uye haivimbe neAzerbaijan kuti iremekedze zvabuda mureferendamu. Inodawo iyo de facto hurumende yeRepublic of Artsakh kuti ibvumidzwe kujoina nhaurirano dzepasirese nezveramangwana rayo, iri zano rakanaka.
Kune rimwe divi, hurumende yeAzerbaijani yeMutungamiriri Ilham Aliyev ikozvino yave nerutsigiro ruzere rweTurkey nekuda kwayakada kuti mauto ese eArmenian abvise zvombo kana kubuda munzvimbo inopokana, iyo ichiri kuzivikanwa pasi rose sechikamu cheAzerbaijan. Turkey inonzi iri kubhadhara jihadi mamenenja kubva kuTurkey-inogarwa kuchamhembe kweSyria kuti vaende kunorwira Azerbaijan, vachisimudza tarisiro yevaSunni vanonyanyisa vanowedzera kukakavara pakati pevaKristu veArmenia uye vazhinji vevaShiite Muslim Azeris.
Pamberi pazvo, kunyangwe paine nzvimbo dzakaomarara, iyi mhirizhonga ine hukasha inofanirwa kugadziriswa nekukamura matunhu akapokana pakati pemativi maviri, sekuyedza kwakaitwa neMitemo yeMadrid. Misangano kuGeneva uye ikozvino Moscow inoita kunge iri kufambira mberi yakanangana nekumisa moto uye kuvandudzwa kwekudyidzana. NeChishanu, Gumiguru 9, vaviri vanopikisa vashumiri vedzimwe nyika vakasangana kekutanga muMoscow, mumusangano wakarevererwa negurukota rinoona nezvekunze kuRussia, Sergei Lavrov, uye nemugovera vakabvumirana chibvumirano chenguva pfupi chekutora mitumbi nekutsinhana vasungwa.
Njodzi huru ndeyekuti Turkey, Russia, US kana Iran vanofanirwa kuona mukana wezvematongerwo enyika mukukwira kana kuwedzera kupinda mukukonana uku. Azerbaijan yakatanga kutsamwiswa kwazvino nerutsigiro ruzere rweMutungamiri weTurkey Erdogan, uyo anoita kunge ari kurishandisa kuratidza simba rakavandudzwa reTurkey mudunhu iri nekusimbisa chinzvimbo charo mumakakatanwa nemakakatanwa pamusoro peSyria, Libya, Cyprus, kuongorora oiri muEastern Mediterranean uye dunhu rose. Kana zvirizvo, izvi zvinofanirwa kutora nguva yakareba sei Erdogan asati ataura pfungwa yake, uye Turkey ingagone kudzora mhirizhonga iri kusunungura, sezvo yakatadza zvine mutsindo muSiriya?
Russia neIran havana chavanowana uye zvese zvekurasikirwa kubva muhondo iri kuwedzera pakati peArmenia neAzerbaijan, uye vese vari kudaidzira rugare. Mutungamiriri weArmenia anozivikanwa Nikol Pashinyan yakatanga kutonga mushure meArmenia's 2018 "Velvet Shanduko”Uye yakatevera mutemo wekusaenderana pakati peRussia neWest, kunyangwe Armenia iri chikamu cheRussia CSTO kuwedzera mubatanidzwa wemauto. Russia yakazvipira kudzivirira Armenia kana ikarwiswa neAzerbaijan kana Turkey, asi yakaburitsa pachena kuti kuzvipira uku hakuwedzeri kuNagorno-Karabakh. Iran yakanyatsoenderana neArmenia kupfuura Azerbaijan, asi ikozvino yakakura kwazvo Azeri huwandu hwevanhu aenda kumigwagwa kutsigira Azerbaijan uye kuratidzira kwavo kwehurumende kuArmenia.
Kana iri yekuparadza uye kukanganisa basa iro United States inowanzo tamba kuMiddle East, maAmerican vanofanirwa kungwarira nezve chero kuyedza kweUS kushandisa iyi mhirizhonga yekuzvishandira. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kukonzeresa kukakavara kudzikisira kuvimba kweArmenia mumubatanidzwa wayo neRussia, kukwevera Armenia mune imwe Western, pro-NATO alignment. Kana iyo US inogona kuwedzera uye kushandisa mhirizhonga munharaunda yeAzeri yeIran sechikamu cheayo "kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya”Kurwisa Iran.
Pane chero zano rekuti US iri kushandisa kana kuronga kushandisa iyi gakava nekuda kwayo, maAmerican anofanirwa kurangarira vanhu veArmenia neAzerbaijan vane hupenyu hwavari kurasikirwa kana kuparadzwa zuva rega rega kuti hondo iyi iriko, uye inofanirwa kushora nekupikisa chero kuyedza kurebesa kana kukuvadza marwadzo nekutambura kwavo kweUS geopolitical mukana.
Panzvimbo iyoyo US inofanirwa kushandira pamwe zvizere nevamwe vayo muboka reMOSK reMinsk kuti vatsigire kupera moto uye rugare rusingagumi rwakadzikama rwunoremekedza kodzero dzevanhu nekuzvisarudzira kwevanhu vese veArmenia neAzerbaijan.
Nicolas JS Davies mutori wenhau akazvimiririra, muongorori weCODEPINK uye munyori we Ropa Pamakumbo Edu: American Invasion and Destruction of Iraq.
