Mafambiro eAustralia kuHondo

naAlison Broinowski, Declassified Australia, March 19, 2022

Zviri nyore kuti hurumende dzeAustralia dzitumire Defence Force kuhondo pane kuti isu tidzivise izvozvo kuti zviitike. Vanogona kuzviita zvakare, munguva pfupi.

Zvakafanana nguva dzose. Hurumende dzedu dzinoona 'kutyisidzira' nerubatsiro kubva kuAnglo-allies, avo vanodudza imwe nyika yevavengi, vobva vaita dhimoni mutungamiri wavo anopenga, anozvitonga. Vezvenhau vemazuva ose vanopinda, kunyanya kutsigira avo vakadzvinyirirwa neanotonga. Chiitiko chinotsamwiswa, kukokwa kunogadzirwa. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anonyepedzera ibasa rake rekuora mwoyo, asi anogutsurira hondo zvakadaro, uye toenda. Vanhu vanoratidzira havacherechedzwe, uye ndizvo zvakaitawo mutemo wenyika.

Vazhinji veAustralia vava kuziva maitiro, uye havaafarire. Roy Morgan poll muna 2020 akawanikwa 83 muzana yevaAustralia vaida shanduko munzira iyo Australia inoenda kuhondo. Muna 2021 mutori wenhau Mike Smith akawanikwa 87 muzana yevanhu vakabvunzurudzwa vakatsigira maGreens '. bhiri rekuvandudza.

Hapana nguva iri nani kupfuura ikozvino yekushandisa kuzvidzora kwedemocracy kune vatungamiriri vane mhirizhonga, ungafunga. Zvakanaka, kwete. Federal vezvematongerwo enyika vakapindura mibvunzo gore rino nerekupedzisira nezvenyaya yekuchinja yakakamurwa zvakaenzana.

Sezvingatarisirwa, dzinenge nhengo dzese dzeCoalition dzinopokana nekugadzirisa masimba ehondo, asi ndozvinoitawo vatungamiriri vakati wandei veVashandi, vamwe vachizeza. The vaimbove vatungamiri veOpposition, Bill Shorten naAnthony Albanese, vakabvunzwa, asi havana kupindura, kunyange zvazvo ALP yakavhota kaviri kuti iite kubvunzurudza kuti Australia inoenda sei kuhondo munguva yayo yekutanga muhurumende.

Dambudziko iri harisi reAustralia chete. Kubva kuma1980s, vezvematongerwo enyika vekuAmerica neBritish vanga vachiedza kushandura masimba ehondo ayo anosimudzira Royal Prerogative yemazana emakore apfuura, vachipa hungwaru hwakakwana pamusoro perunyararo nehondo kumutungamiri wenyika kana mutungamiriri.

Canada neNew Zealand, nemaBumbiro akaita seAustralia, vakanzvenga nyaya nekusabuda muhondo dzichangoburwa (kunyangwe vakabatanidzwa mumashure 9/11 kurwisana kweAfghan). Mutungamiriri weNew Zealand Ardern akaramba kukurukura nezve shanduko yemasimba ehondo nesangano rangu, VaAustralia veWorld Powers Reform. Britain, isina Bumbiro rakanyorwa, rave kuedza kwemakumi emakore kudzika mutemo musangano unotarisira kuti mutungamiriri wehurumende atore chisungo chehondo kumaCommons, pasina kubudirira.

Vatungamiri veUS vanosarudza kurwa hondo vanofanirwa kukumbira Congress kuti ibvumidze mari. Congress inowanzoita gore negore, ichiisa mamiriro mashomanana. Imwe 'emergency' mvumo yemauto (AUMF) vane makore anopfuura makumi maviri.

Mumakumi maviri emakore kubva 2001, iyo AUMF yakachengetedzwa naGeorge W. Bush yeAfghanistan yakashandiswa kururamisa kurwisa hugandanga, kurwisa, kurwisa pasi, kurohwa kwemhepo uye drone, kuvharirwa kunze kwematare, mauto evamiriri, uye makondirakiti munyika makumi maviri nembiri. , maererano ne Mari yeHondo Project. Kuedza kwakadzokororwa kwekuchinja kwakaitwa neDemocrat neRepublican congresspeople - nguva pfupi yadarika gore rino - haigone kuunganidza rutsigiro rwakakwana kuti rwupfuure.

Hurumende dzeAustralia dzine mutoro wekudzivirira kondinendi yedu, asi kuzvikunda zvine njodzi kuti isu tipinde muhondo dzechimbichimbi uye kutsamwisa nyika dzine simba. Vazhinji vekuAustralia vakapindura kune ichangoburwa 'Mari yeHondo' yekubvunza inotungamirwa ne Yakazvimirira uye Runyararo Australia Network (IPAN) inobvumirana neyaimbova Mutungamiriri weAustralia Malcolm Fraser kuti kutyisidzira kukuru kuAustralia mabhesi eUS uye ANZUS Mubatanidzwa pacharo.

Izvo zvinotumirwa kuIPAN zvinenge zvakabatana: vazhinji veAustralia vanoda shanduko yedemocracy yemasimba ehondo, ongororo ye ANZUS, kusarerekera mune pfuti kana kusina pfuti, uye dzokera kune diplomacy uye kuzvimiririra kuAustralia.

Chii zvino chinobata Australia kumashure kubva kumasimba masimba ehondo? Zvinofanira kuva zvakaoma kudaro here?

Vazhinji vedu, hongu, havafungi nezvekuti tinoenda sei kuhondo kusvika nguva yapera. Makwikwi anonetsa - huwori muhurumende, kupisa kwemamiriro ekunze, mari yekugara, nezvimwe - zvinokoshesa.

Vamwe vane chivimbo chekuti ANZUS inosungira US kudzivirira Australia, izvo zvisingaite. Vamwe - kusanganisira vazhinji vezvematongerwo enyika - vanonetsekana kuti tingaite sei kune emergency yemauto. Zviripachena, uku kungava kuzvidzivirira kuri pamutemo pakurwiswa, uko mutemo wemasimba ehondo ungagovera, sezvinoitwa munyika dzakawanda.

Chimwe chinonetsa ndechekuti vezvematongerwo enyika 'vaizovhota mutsara webato', kana kuti 'unrepresentative swill' muSeneti kana vanozvimiririra pamabhenji vaizove nenzira yavo. Asi ivo vese vamiriri vedu vakasarudzwa, uye kana danho rehurumende rehondo riri pedyo zvakanyanya kuti rikunde, saka nyaya yedemokrasi inopokana nayo yakasimba kwazvo.

Hapana akamboedza kuvandudza Bumbiro reMitemo, izvo zvinongopa masimba ehondo kuna Gavhuna Mukuru. Asi kwemakore makumi matatu nemanomwe, vanhu vekuAustralia vanga vachikurudzira shanduko kuDefence Act. MaDemocrats eAustralia akaedza muna 37 na1985, uye maGreens akatora chikonzero muna 2003, 2008, uye nguva pfupi yadarika 2016. VaAustralia veWorld Powers Reform, bato risiri mubatanidzwa rakavambwa muna 2012, nguva pfupi yadarika rakatsigira kuyedza nekutumira kumibvunzo yeParamende, zvichigadzira Veterans Appeal, uye kufarira kunopa simba pakati pevamwe 23 vachangodomwa vakazvimirira.

Vezvematongerwo enyika vanoda kukudza hondo dzedu. Asi hapana hondo imwe chete 1941 asati asvika kana kuti kubvira ipapo yakarwiwa kudzivirira Australia. Hapana imwe yehondo dzedu kubvira 1945 - Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria - yakaguma nekukunda kwatiri kana vatinodyidzana navo. Mumwe nemumwe akatikanganisa senyika.

Hapana hurumende yeAustralia kubvira Gough Whitlam's muma1970s yakapokana zvakanyanya neAlliance. Mutungamiriri wega wega kubvira 1975 akadzidza kuumba marongero ayo ekunze nekudzivirira kuti aenderane nekuwedzera kuri kuita kweUS hegemony. Mauto edu ave kudyidzana neUS zvekuti zvichanetsa kuburitsa Australia kubva kuhondo inotevera, kunze kwesarudzo yeParamende pamberi.

Kubva mukupera kwema1990, Australia yakaita vavengi vakawanda, uye shamwari shoma. Chiremerera chedu semugari akanaka wepasirese chakaraswa, uye nekutaura kwedu kwekudzokorora 'kuita zvatinotaura' mumisangano yenyika dzakawanda. Panguva iyoyo, takaderedza basa redu rokune dzimwe nyika uye taderedza simba redu rokumirira nyika. The 'diplomatic deficit' yakashoropodzwa neLowy Institute muna 2008 zvakanyanya kuipa izvozvi. Kurasikirwa kwechimiro chezvematongerwo enyika kwaizotora makore kupora, kunyangwe dai hurumende dzaive nechinangwa chekuisa pamberi pekugadzirisa runyararo pamberi pegadziriro dzehondo.

Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria: Rekodhi yeAustralia inotaura yega. Zvakaipa zvakakwana kuverenga kurasikirwa kweropa uye pfuma, kusateerera kwezvisungo zveAustralia kupikisa kutyisidzira kana kushandiswa kwesimba, pasi pezvose UN Charter uye ANZUS Treaty. Zvino, nhaka yeruvengo munyika dzatakarwa muzana rino inoratidza kwatakanga tiri.

Sezvo hondo yeUkraine inotiratidza, kurwisana kunogona kukonzerwa nyore nyore. Sezvo njodzi ye hondo yakamutsa China inosimuka, ino ndiyo nguva yekuvandudza masimba ehondo, uye kuita zvimwe zvakawanda.

Chete nekuchinja nekukurumidza kumapurisa edu ekunze nekudzivirira ndipo Australia inogona kutarisira kugadzirisa chimiro chenyika munyika.

Dr Alison Broinowski AM muAustralia aimbove mumiriri, mudzidzi uye munyori. Mabhuku ake uye zvinyorwa zvine chekuita nekudyidzana kweAustralia nenyika. Ndiye President we VaAustralia veWorld Powers Reform.