naTaylor Barnes, Inotarisirwa Statecraft, July 23, 2021
Chinyorwa ichi chakaburitswa pamwe neKutarisana neSouth.
NeMugovera mangwanani anodziya muna Chivabvu, boka revaratidziri rakaungana munzvimbo yeruzhinji muAsheville, North Carolina, yerudzi rwevamiririri vemitemo yekuratidzira havawanzo kufanoona pavanotsvaga mari yeUnited States bhajeti remauto vanopedza mumatunhu ekumusha kwavo. Ivo vezvemamiriro ekunze, varwi-vehondo varwi, uye vezvematongerwo enyika vanotsigira vanoenda vanonzi Reject Raytheon AVL, chirevo cheMassachusetts-based Raytheon Technologies, yepasirese yechipiri pakukura mugadziri wezvombo. Chikamu chekambani, Pratt & Whitney, chiri kuvaka nyowani injini zvikamu mudhorobha ravo, uye varatidziri vanopokana nemamirioni emadhora mubatsiro avo eruwa nedunhu hurumende vakazvipira kuna Raytheon, vachipokana kuti mari inofanirwa kutsigira mabasa egirini.
Varatidziri, kusanganisira vangangoita vanhu makumi mashanu nembwa nhatu, vakafamba mamaira mapfumbamwe kuenda kunzvimbo yemuchadenga yemberi - kuratidzira kusingawanzo kwekupokana kwenzvimbo kune makumi emakore sales pitch inosunga zvivakwa zvemauto nemaindasitiri emuUS munharaunda: kuti hunhu uye kuwedzeredza mari yeruzhinji inofanirwa kukosheswa mukutsinhana nekugadzira mabasa.
"Ndaneta nekuyedza kutivhara nekutitaurira kuti tinofanirwa kutenda chero basa ravanotipa nenyasha," akadaro Jenny Andry, mudzidzisi wemuno pamusangano munzira yekufora. "Vaya vanokwira pamubhedha nechikwata chemauto nemaindasitiri vachidzokororazve mabhuku anopembedza mabasa akaipa seiri."
Ramba kutsamwa kwaRaytheon AVL kwaive wakakura mumavhiki apfuura, semauto eIsrael Forces akashandisa F-35 murwi jets - kune iyo Asheville chirimwa ichapa zvikamu - mune inoparadza bhomba yekuratidzira pamusoro peGaza Strip iyo yasara 256 vanhu vafa, kusanganisira vakadzi vanopfuura zana nevana, nepo 12 vanhu, kusanganisira vana vaviri, vakaurayiwa muIsrael munguva yehondo. Zvichakadaro, vakuru mudunhu reBuncombe, uko Asheville ndiyo chigaro, vanga vabvumidza imwezve rubatsiro kune chirimwa chaRaytheon, ino nguva yekuvakwa kwenzvimbo yekudzidzisa vashandi padyo nenzvimbo yemiti, chikamu chepasuru iri kukura yekupihwa kubva kuvakuru nemuridzi wepasi wega. iri kuswedera madhora zana emamirioni mukukosha, sekureva kwakaitwa neAnopindura Statecraft uye Kutarisana neSouth.
Chibvumirano chinogona kuzopedzisira chave kushoma nezvekugadzira mabasa pane kuvafambisa: Mubatanidzwa muConnecticut, uko Pratt & Whitney yakavakirwa uye nhengo dzayo dzichiita mabasa akafanana neavo vakagadzirirwa Asheville, vakayambira kuti chirimwa chitsva ichi chingakonzera kudzingwa basa kwavo.
Nepo ma boosters emubatsiro achiti achaunza mabasa mazana masere nemubhadharo wepakati, ongororo yakaitwa neDeponsible Statecraft uye Kutarisana neSouth yakawana matambudziko nechivimbiso ichocho, kusanganisira kurasikirwa nemazana emabasa mushure megumi, kumiririrwa kwakasarudzika kwemubhadharo. kuwedzera huwandu uhwo vashandi vangatarisira kuwana, uye zvakavanzika zvimisikidzo zvakavanza kana zvibvumirano zvakafanana kumwe kunhu zvakapihwa pamabasa ekugadzirwa kwemabasa. Uye chibvumirano chinogona kupedzisira chave kushoma nezvekugadzira mabasa pane kuvafambisa: Mubatanidzwa muConnecticut, uko Pratt & Whitney yakavakirwa uye nhengo dzayo dzinoita mabasa akafanana neaya akarongerwa Asheville, akanyeverwa kuti chirimwa chitsva chingakonzera kudonhedzwa basa kwavo. Vapurotesitendi vanoti iyi haisi iyo kambani inokodzera chibvumirano chevadikani kubva kuhurumende yemuno.
Vatungamiriri nedunhu rekuvandudza hupfumi vakasainawo zvibvumirano zvisina kuburitswa kana vachitaurirana nezvezvipo, uye zvakavanzika zvinozopa makambani uye zvinoita kuti zvibude zvinetse kuongorora. Zvinyorwa zvakawanikwa neDeponsible Statecraft uye Kutarisana neSouth zvinoratidza kuti dunhu rekuvakidzana rekurudziro pasuru yemugadziri wemidziyo yezuva inobhadhara mibairo yakafanana, yakasainwa kutenderera nguva iyo chibvumirano chaRaytheon chakapfuura, yakashandisa zvakati wandei kukwezva basa rega rega uye inoita senge inochengetedza mabasa akasimba.
Chibvumirano cheAsheville Raytheon chinosimbisa kuiswa kwemauto nemaindasitiri munzvimbo yeUS kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzinonzi dzekudzivirira dzinovimba nekushandisa kwemauto mukugara kwavo kwehupfumi. United States inoshandisa hafu yemubatanidzwa bhajeti ravo muchiuto, ichipwanya dzimwe nzvimbo dzainogona kusarudza kukoshesa, sehutano hweveruzhinji, dzidzo, uye kudyidzana. Yayo yemauto bhajeti iri kupfuura anotevera makuru gumi emauto akabatanidzwa. Iyo F-35, ndege yehondo mumabasa kwemakumi maviri emakore iyo yakatambudzwa nekuremara, yakave chiratidzo chemauto-maindasitiri akaomarara akawandisa. Yayo mari inofungidzirwa ine ballooned kusvika ku $ 1.7 trillion, ichichiita chirongwa chinodhura kupfuura zvese munhoroondo yeUS, kunyangwe hazvo chaive chaunganidza mamwe 871 yakanyorwa dhizaini yekukanganisa kubva muna Ndira 2021. Mumiriri Adam Smith, sachigaro weDare Armed Services Committee, munguva pfupi yapfuura akadaidza F-35 "rathole" yemari yemubhadhari uye akataura kuti hurumende "iteme kurasikirwa kwedu."
Kuwedzera kudyara muNorth Carolina's burgeoning solar chikamu ndiyo imwe nzira yakajeka yekushandisa mari yeruzhinji kugadzira mabasa ane chekuita nemauto. North Carolina chinzvimbo chechipiri murudzi rwechizvarwa chezuva, uye pane nzvimbo yakawanda yekukura: Zvinoenderana neiyo Federal Energy Information Administration, simba rezuva rakangopa chete zvikamu zvitanhatu kubva muzana zera renyika muna 6, uye North Carolina inoshandisa simba rinenge rinokwana kana kupfuura zvarinogadzira. EIA yakaratidza zvakare kuti nyika yemahombekombe eAtlantic inogona kubatsira kumapurazi emhepo ekumahombekombe. Mwaka wadarika, iyo imwechete Buncombe County hurumende yakabvumidza rubatsiro rwaRaytheon zvakare yakabvumidza chirongwa kuisa pasiti simba rezuva pane zvivakwa zveveruzhinji makumi mana neshanu, chirongwa chikuru chezuva chakambogadzirwa nehurumende yemuno muNorth Carolina. Kutya chirimwa chitsva ichi kuchadzosera shanduko yakasvibirira yekumusha kwavo nekuisimbisa muhupfumi hwehondo, vashandi veAsheville vari kuridza alarm pamusoro pe "kuwedzera uye kuvandudza kwemauto-maindasitiri," mumashoko eruzi-goed Said Abdallah.
"Hatidi chete iyi chepfu mudunhu medu," akadaro.
Mujaho wezasi
Kune chibvumirano chinosanganisira nyaya zhinji dzine minzwa pamusoro pekutengesa zvombo, kugadzira mabasa, uye mabhajeti ehurumende, veruzhinji veAsheville vaive neawa rimwe chete muna Nyamavhuvhu apfuura kuti vape zvavangaita.
Chibvumirano change chave mumabasa kubvira muchirimo cha2019, apo nhume dzeNorth Carolina dzakaenda kuParis Air Show kunosangana nevakuru vePratt & Whitney, sekureva kwakawanda. ripoti muHendersonville Mheni. KuAsheville, panguva iyi, Biltmore Farms LLC, kambani inotungamirwa nemuridzi wepasi uye muzukuru wemhuri yeVanderbilt John "Jack" Cecil, akaudza vakuru vekusimudzira hupfumi kuti iyo femu yakanga ichida kushandura maturakiti akakura epasi pesango pazasi peMakomo eBlue Ridge kuita Paki yeindasitiri.
Sezvo hurukuro dzacho dzaienda kumberi, vatungamiriri nedunhu rekuvandudza hupfumi vaifanirwa kusaina zvibvumirano zvekusazivisa, chimwe chinhu icho Commissioner Al Whitesides vaizoti chakakosha nekuti kushambadza kunogona kukonzera varidzi venyika kukwidza mitengo yavo kune vangangove mabhizinesi matsva. Asi Biltmore Farms yakapa mahekita zana kuna Raytheon kwe $ 100, iine kukosha kwevhu kunotarisirwa kuwedzera zvinoshamisa nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zveruzhinji.
Iko kushandiswa kweNADA kutaurirana nezvekurudziro yezvematongerwo enyika zvibvumirano zvekukwezva makambani makuru saRaytheon, kambani yeFortune 100, iri "tsika yakajairika, uye ihuori chaihwo," akadaro Pat Garofalo, munyori we "The Billionaire Boondoggle: Maitiro Ezvematongerwo Enyika Anorega Makambani uye maBigwig Anobira Mari Yedu Nemabasa ”uye mukuru wezvematongerwe enyika nevemunharaunda pane anti-monopoly American Economic Liberties Project.
Vagadziri vemitemo mumatunhu maviri, New York City neIllinois, vakurudzira mutemo ku kurambidza kushandiswa kweNADA mukusimudzira hupfumi nekuti ivo vanopa nhangemutange kusvika kuzasi sezvo nzvimbo dzinokwikwidzana dzichikwikwidza mikana mitsva yebhizinesi. "Aya madhiri anowanzo gadzirirwa kuitwa nekukurumidza uye muchivande nekuti kana veruzhinji vawana zvakawanda zvekutaura, vanowanzokundwa," akadaro Garofalo.
MuAsheville, zvakavanzika zvaireva kuti veruzhinji vakangoziva nezve chibvumirano kubva a mupepanhau mukupera kwaGumiguru wegore rapfuura, zvichivasiya vachimhanya kuti vadzidze zvakawanda pamberi pekunzwa kweruzhinji munaNovember 17. Musangano yakanga isinganetsi, apo vakuru vevanhu vakagara zvakanyarara vakagara chinyararire kuseri kwekamuri rakadzima apo vagari mudzimba dzavo vakapinda muchidimbu, vachiona mharidzo yekuratidzira pachibvumirano nekambani pamwe nevakuru vedunhu sezvavakamirira nguva yavo yekupinda mukati.
Sachigaro paakavhura musangano kuruzhinji, akapa musoro wekutanga kumheremhere ichauya, achicherekedza kuti kune "vanhu vazhinji" vaida kutaura.
"Izvi zvinogona kutora nguva," akawedzera.
Uye vagari vakave nechokwadi chekuti zvadaro, kunyangwe paine maminetsi matatu chete ekutaura.
Vazhinji vakaratidza kutsamwa pamusoro pehondo inoparadza inotungamirwa neSaudi muYemen, uko vaongorori vane akawanikwa US-inogadzira Raytheon zvombo zvikamu munzvimbo dzemabhomba apo vanhuwo zvavo nevana vakaurawa. Veronica Coit, anonyorera bvudzi munharaunda, akabvunza makomishina kuti vanganzwa sei, muhondo mune ramangwana, "pakati pevana vakaurayiwa nevanhuwo zvavo vanofa mumigwagwa, mumwe mutori wenhau anowana imwe zita, asi panguva ino inoti 'yakaitwa muAsheville, North Carolina?
"Semubhadharisi weAmerica, ini ndinotogovana chikamu chemubhadharo wangu naRaytheon," akadaro Andry, mudzidzisi. "Ndinopokana zvikuru nekugovana navo imba yangu, zvakare."
Mumwe muridzi wemubvunzo akabvunza kana makomishina aya angakwanise kutaurirana chibvumirano icho fekitori yaigadzira zvikamu zvega ndege dzevanhu, zvakare chikamu chikuru chebhizimusi raPratt & Whitney iro muchina uchabatsira. Asi komisheni iyi yaida kuvhota pachibvumirano chakaunzwa musangano usati wapera, saka kunyora zvekare kwaive kusiri kufunga.
Vamwe vakakwidza zvakanyanya kune hana dzakasarudzwa dzevakuru. David Pudlo, hunyanzvi hwekushandira wezvemagetsi ezuva, akataura kuna Commissioner Jasmine Beach-Ferrara, mufundisi uye mumiriri wekodzero dzeLGBTQ achikwikwidza Congress seDemocrat achipikisana naMumiriri Madison Cawthorn. “Jesu aizoitei?” Pudlo akabvunza. "Zviri pachena kuti aisazobatana nevatengesi vezvombo."
Pamwe chete, nhengo dzevanhu makumi maviri nenomwe dzakataura pamusangano, uye vese vakapokana nechibvumirano. Iwo makomishina - vatanhatu veDemocrat uye mumwe Republican - vakazvibvumidza pamwe chete.
Kuongorora varatidziri?
Iyo Pratt & Whitney chirimwa inoratidzira shanduko huru kune hupfumi hwaAsheville. Iyo $ 27 miriyoni yekukurudzira pasuru yakasainwa pakati peRaytheon neBuncombe County, yakarongedzwa semari inopihwa iyo kambani kana ikaita "kuedza kwakanaka kwekutenda" kusangana nekugadzirwa kwemabasa uye zvinangwa zvekudyara, ndicho chibvumirano chakakura chakasainwa nedunhu mumakore gumi, sekureva rondedzero yakadzama yezvibvumirano zvekukurudzira hurumende yedunhu yakapa Inotungamira Statecraft uye Kutarisana neSouth. Chibvumirano chePratt & Whitney chinomiririra makumi mana neshanu muzana emari dzese dzakapihwa nedunhu kukurudzira mapurojekiti munguva iyoyo.
Ramba Raytheon AVL yakagadzirwa nevanhu vakasangana semanzwi asina kuburitswa mumanzwi ekutanga eruzhinji ekukurukura nezvechibvumirano. Kunyangwe musangano uyu wakasimbisa kupinda kwaRaytheon muAsheville nekutsigira kwakanyanya mutero, iro boka raida kutepfenyura kutadza kwavo uye vachitaurirana pfungwa yepakati nhengo dzayo dzakasiyana dzakabatana dzakatenderedza: kuti kugadzirwa kwemabasa chinangwa chakanakira vagadziri vemitemo asi pane nzira dziri nani dzekuzviita.
Kutsvagurudza kubva kune economist Heidi Peltier kuBoston University yeMitengo yeHondo Project inovatsigira: Maererano na kuverenga kwake.
Pakaratidzira kwaKurume paAsheville's Chamber of Commerce, Ramba Raytheon AVL nhengo dzakaona murume ari mutiraki dema achitora mifananidzo yavo.
Mumwedzi yakati kubva Buncombe County yabvumidza chibvumirano, Rambai Raytheon AVL varatidziri vava chinhu chikuru mumigwagwa yeAsheville, vachibata kuratidzira panzvimbo yemiti nezvikwangwani zvakaita sekuti "Honk yebasa revanhu" uye kukumbira vakuru vehurumende pese pavanogona, senge paMay. kusangana nazvo akabvumidzwa imwezve $ 5 miriyoni ichashandiswa pakuvaka nzvimbo yekudzidzisa vashandi yePratt & Whitney.
Iri boka rinotenda kuti zviitwa zvaro zvave kuongororwa. Pakaratidzira kwaKurume paAsheville's Chamber of Commerce, semuenzaniso, Ramba Raytheon AVL nhengo dzakaona murume ari mutiraki dema achitora mifananidzo yavo. Vakatora mufananidzo weplate rake rezenisi ndokuritsvakira kuna Cody Muse, aibvumidza wega kuferefeta. Akasvitswa nefoni, Muse akapindura kurondedzero yechiitiko ichi achiti "Ini handitaure nezve chero chinhu nemutori wenhau" asati adimbura runhare. Haana kupindura kune chimwe chikumbiro chekutaura pamusoro pezvipomero zvakatumirwa kuburikidza neLinkedIn.
Zvino muna Kubvumbi, Ken Jones, purofesa asara pamudyandigere uye weVeterans for Peace shamwari anga atora chinhanho pakuratidzira uku, anga achifamba panzvimbo yemberi yekudyara paakaona muchengeti airatidzika kunge achimutora. Jones akati murindi akamudaidza achishandisa zita rizere rekuti, Kenneth, uye zita repakati raasingashandise pachena. Chiitiko ichi chakamuendesa mukufungidzira kuti gadhi akange achishandisa tekinoroji yekuona kumeso kumuziva mudura.
Kunyange Biltmore Farms LLC, iyo kambani yakapa ivhu kunaRaytheon, kana vatauriri vaPratt & Whitney havana kupindura zvikumbiro zvakawanda zvekutaura kuti vakanoshandira here Muse kana kushandisa tekinoroji yakadaro yekutarisana nevaratidziri.
Zviitiko izvi zvakagunun'una asi zvakare zvakasimbisa varatidziri, avo vanoona mushandirapamwe wavo sewe ungangowedzera kwemakore. Vanobatana nemamwe mafambiro ehuswa hwepasi nepasi peSouth ine masimba - nzvimbo iyo inopa vanotora zvakanyanya kumauto ane hukama nevanhu vayo uye musha we nzvimbo huru kwazvo yemauto eUS kuFort Bragg, North Carolina. MuHuntsville, Alabama, nzvimbo yemakontrakta ekudzivirira inozivikanwa se "Pentagon yeSouth," vanopokana nehondo varatidziri vhiki nevhiki "Runyararo Kona”Kweanoda kusvika makumi maviri emakore. MuTexas, nyika iyo chinzvimbo chechitatu mumashandisirwo emauto, a boka yevadzidzi vevakadzi muAustin munguva pfupi yapfuura vakanyora mushumo vachitsanangura vagadziri vezvombo muUniversity yeTexas endowment uye vakakumbira hurumende yemudzidzi kuti ipfuure danho rekuparadzanisa. Mushandirapamwe uyu wakakurudzira a kupikisa-petisheni nevamwe vadzidzi vanopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu ve UT, kunyanya vari mainjiniya, vakati danho iri raizokanganisa tarisiro yavo yemabasa nemakontrakta emauto.
Pakufora kwaRaytheon kwakaitirwa muAsheville muna Chivabvu, varatidziri vakasangana zvakanyanya nemabheu emota anotsigira uye vafambi vakatora nemwoyo wese mapepa avo, kunyangwe vashoma vakakanda zvigunwe zvepakati uye mutyairi mumwe akashevedzera achiti, "Imi mapenzi!" Bob Brown, muchengeti uye muchengeti weVietnam uyo akatakura muhombe weVeterans for Peace mureza, akakurudzirwa nezvaakaona sekuwedzera kwesimba kweanopokana-nehondo kurwisa kwaakange ave kuita kwemakumi mashanu emakore. "Sangano iri zvirokwazvo chimwe chinhu chitsva," akadaro. "Ndanga ndichiita izvi kubvira makore eVietnam, uye hatisati tamboona kutsigirwa neruzhinji zvakadaro."
Kubvunza 'kuedza kwakanaka kwekutenda'
Pamwoyo wemhirizhonga muAsheville ndizvo zvinoita dhiri zvinowedzera vakashambadza semabasa mazana masere nepakati nepakati muhoro we $ 800. Tourism ndiyo indasitiri huru muguta, uko Blue Ridge Mountains inopa yakakurumbira marongero emichato yekuenda, mitambo yekunze, uye zororo. Asi mabasa ebasa muindasitiri yekugamuchira vaeni haipe iyo mibairo inowanikwa muaerospace uye kudzivirira. Peltier, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi muBoston University, anodana mutsauko uyu se “mubhadharo wekutanga”Yakaita kuti zvikwanisike nemari yakawanda yehurumende iyo inobatsira makondirakiti emauto kubhadhara zvirinani pane vashandirwi vasiri varwi.
Mukukanganisa kwakasarudzika kuna Asheville, a bhuruu dot mudunhu dzvuku rakavhotera Donald Trump, kunyangwe dzimwe nhengo dzeDemocratic County Commission dzinoti vanogovana zvinonetsa zvevaratidziri nezve United States muhondo dzekunze uye bhajeti ravo remauto.
"Ndakasiya mutsetse wepikicha rimwe zuva uye ndakanga ndiri pabasa rekushandira muNavy masvondo maviri gare gare," Commissioner Whitesides akadaro pamusangano waMbudzi, achirangarira makore ake ehudiki. Murwiri wekodzero dzevanhu, mubhengi, uye murwi wemuVietnam ndiye ega nhengo yeKomisheni, uye akataura kuti rakadzika hupfumi hwedzinza muAsheville uye kukosha kwekuita iyo yaanoti "shanduko yedzinza" kusimudzira musika wevashandi vemo zvakamutungamira kutsigira iro basa raRaytheon.
"Kufanana nemi mese muri pano, ndarwa neizvi," VaWhitesides vakadaro, "asi ndakaiyera zvichipesana nezvichave zvakanakira nharaunda yedu, chichava chakanakira vana vako."
Asi kunyatsoongororwa kwechibvumirano kunoratidza kuti vazhinji vevashandi vekambani vachange vachiwana mari shoma kwazvo kupfuura yepakati mubairo. Izvo zvakare zvinoratidza kuti iyo yakashambadzirwa 800 mabasa - kana ikazombosvika panhamba iyoyo - inogona kuderera nekukurumidza.
Chibvumirano zvakasinwa pakati peBuncombe County uye Pratt & Whitney inoreva iyo kambani inoshandisa "zvakanaka kutenda kuedza" kuvaka kune inozopedzisira 750 mabasa anowedzera mukati me "nguva yekukurudzira" pakati pa2021 na2029, nebhonasi yekuwedzera yakabhadharwa kana vakagadzira makumi mashanu. Mushure megore ra50, huwandu hwemabasa "akachengetedzwa" akabva adzikira kusvika ku2029 kwenguva yemakore mana.
Mukupindura mibvunzo kubva kune Responsible Statecraft uye Kutarisana neSouth, Tim Love, director wezvekudyidzana kwehurumende mudunhu reBuncombe, akaramba kuti musiyano uripo pakati penhamba idzi waireva kuti chibvumirano ichi chaisanganisira yakawanda seinosvika 275 mabasa ekuvaka kwenguva pfupi. Sachigaro weKomisheni yeKanzuru Brownie Newman akati nhamba yepasi muna 2030 inyaya yekuti "nekuenderera mberi kwaunoenda mune ramangwana, chokwadi chiripo pakuronga mashandiro ebhizinesi." Newman akasimbirirawo kuti mutauro we "yakanaka yekutenda kuedza" haizobvise kambani pachirevo chekutsvaga mabasa, uye kuti mubhadharo wekurudziro uchagadziriswa pasi kana zvikauya pfupi. Garofalo, munyori webhuku rinoshoropodza zvibvumirano zvekusimudzira hupfumi, akati kudonha nekukasira kwenhamba dzebasa muna 2030 kunoratidzika "kunge rezinesi rekurega basa." Pratt & Whitney havana kupindura kune akawanda foni uye email zvikumbiro zvekutaura pamusoro payo yekugadzira mabasa fungidziro.
Nezve mibairo yevashandi, chibvumirano chinoda kuti Pratt & Whitney vabhadhare avhareji yemadhora mazana matanhatu nemasere kuvashandi vayo vezvirimwa. Asi mavhareji anogona kukanganiswa nemaoko mashoma emubhadharo kumusoro, saka kuongorora mibairo yepakati panzvimbo - kumisikidza vashandi kuitira mubhadharo uye kutarisa kune ari pakati - zvaizoratidza zvirinani kuti chirongwa chinobata sei vashandi-uye-faira vashandi. . Izvi zvinonyanya kushomeka mumaindasitiri ekudzivirira, nekuti tsvakiridzo yaStephen Semler paSecurity Policy Reform Institute inoratidza kuti yakafara kubhadhara kusaenzana yakajairika kumakondirakiti ekudzivirira saRaytheon, ane CEO akaita kakapetwa ka282 zvakapetwa nemushandi wepakati mu2019.
Chati chemubhadharo chakapihwa kumusangano waMbudzi chakanyorwa kuti "zvekuenzanisira chete" chinoratidza kuti muhoro wepakati wepafekitori uchave $ 55,000. Asi Kevin Kimrey, director wezvehupfumi nekusimudzirwa kwevashandi kuAsheville-Buncombe Technical Community College, iri kubatana nekontrakita wezvekudzivirira kudzidzisa vashandi, Akaudzwa iyo Asheville Citizen-Times iyo machinist uye vane hunyanzvi vashandi vepasi vanogona kuwana chete $ 40,000 kusvika $ 50,000 pagore. Izvo zviri pazasi peBuncombe County's mari yepakati pemhuri yemadhora anodarika makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu emadhora, nepo mubereki wevaviri achiwana $ 52,000 muNorth Carolina ari kodzera rubatsiro rwechikafu.
Kana iyo mibairo yeprojekiti ikazove yakaderera pane zvakavimbiswa, hazvingadaro nekuda kwekushaikwa kweruzhinji mari. Pakatanga kuziviswa chibvumirano, chakauya nerubatsiro rwemamiriyoni makumi maviri nemanomwe emadhora kubva mudunhu uye imwezve $ 27 miriyoni kubva kuhurumende. Asi mumwedzi yakati wandei, rubatsiro rweveruzhinji rwapinda muchibvumirano kuburikidza nemari yakatumirwa kuburikidza neyekoreji koreji system uye zvirongwa zvehurongwa hwekutsigira chirimwa. Yekutanga-ye-yayo-mhando tare neDesonsible Statecraft uye Kutarisana neSouth inoisa huwandu hwakazara hweavo vanofungidzirwa rubatsiro uye zvipo zvinosvika pamazana zana emadhora.
Kufungidzira ikoko kunoratidza kuti yega yega yemabasa mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu neshanu "akachengetedzwa" - ayo anoita kunge nhaka yakatarwa yeprojekti - iri kupihwa mari inosvika madhora zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemana masere nemakumi mana nepfumbamwe.
Achipindura kuwanda kwemari yemubhadharo, Newman akati mamwe emabasa epurovhinzi anobatsira munharaunda kuti Pratt & Whitney vauya kudhorobha, senge nzvimbo yekudzidzira vashandi, ichave yehurumende yedunhu, uye nzira huru , iyo yaakadana kuti "mari inobatsira yekufambisa zvisinei nekukosha kwayo kunzvimbo yekugadzira yePratt." Asi zvinyorwa zvepamutemo zve zvose zviri zviviri zvirongwa Ziva Pratt & Whitney semubatsiri wega.
Mumwe mubatsiri anogona kupedzisira ave Biltmore Farms, iyo yakapa ivhu kunaRaytheon asi ichine mazana emaeka anowanikwa akawanda anogona kutengeswa kune vamwe vagadziri kuti ive yekupedzisira indasitiri paki. Achibvunzwa kana Biltmore Mapurazi angatarisirwa kupa ivhu kune chero vatengi venguva yemberi kana kuti zvikawana purofiti kubva mukutengeswa kwematurakiti akawedzera mutengo nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zveruzhinji, Newman akati haakwanise kufungidzira nezvekambani yega. Asi akawedzera mune email kuti "pfungwa yake ndeyekuti vakafunga sechisarudzo chebhizimisi chakanaka kupa mahekita zana + epurovhinzi yePratt nekutenda kuti kukosha kwakapihwa kunogona kudzorerwa kubva kune mamwe mapurojekiti angafambira mberi ramangwana kana kugadzirisa kwezvivakwa kwaitwa munzvimbo iyi. "
Inotarisirwa Statecraft uye Kutarisana neSouth yakatsvaga zvinyorwa kubva kune dzimwe hurumende mbiri dzenyika dzakapa zvibvumirano zvekukurudzira kuna Pratt & Whitney mumakore achangopfuura kuti vaone kana zvinangwa zvavo zvekugadzira mabasa zvazadzikiswa. MuGeorgia, uko hurumende zvakaziviswa muna 2017 kuti Pratt & Whitney vaizogadzira mabasa matsva mazana mashanu panzvimbo yayo yeColumbus pachibvumirano chinosanganisira madhora makumi matatu nemana emamiriyoni emitero yemunharaunda, Suzanne Widenhouse, muongorori mukuru kuMuscogee County Board of Assessors, akati haakwanise kugovera tsamba dzechitupa pakambani iyi. mashandiro neruzhinji nekuti anoonekwa seakavanzika pasi pemutemo weGeorgia. Nekudaro, Widenhouse yakapa kopi isina chinhu yefomu iyo kambani inofanirwa kuendesa kuhurumende yemuno - peji rimwe chete rinoda kuti kambani iratidze zvakati wandei kudarika yaakashandisa pazvivakwa nemidziyo uye nhamba yevashandi.
MuOrange County, New York, uko Pratt & Whitney zvakaziviswa muna 2014 kuti yaizogadzira mabasa zana mukati memakore mashanu uye ikachengeta makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe aivapo pane imwe rubatsiro nerubatsiro kubva muhomwe yezvikurudziro kusanganisira inogona kubvisirwa mutero wekutengesa, Bill Fioravanti, director wenzvimbo yekusimudzira hupfumi, akataura nezve Responsible Statecraft uye Kutarisana neSouth kune mutauriri wekambani neruzivo nezve mazuvano mabasa. Mutauriri haana kupindura kune dzakawanda tsamba zvikumbiro.
Nezve fekitori nyowani yeAsheville, Rudo, mukuru weBuncombe County, akaudza Responsible Statecraft uye Kutarisana neSouth kuti tsamba dzekusimbisa pazvinangwa zvekugadzirwa kwemabasa zvichaitwa pachena. Zvinoshamisa, Rudo akaudza musangano waNovember kuti mudunhu haatarisiri "breakakeven point" kusvika gore regumi nemaviri muchibvumirano chemakore gumi nemana Pratt & Whitney, fungidziro yaakati "yakavakirwa pazvinhu zvehupfumi" kubvira Pratt "achifanira kurova zvinangwa zvavo "uye hupfumi" hunofanira kugara mugwara. " Newman paakabvunzwa kana iyo breakakeven point yaive chibvumirano chakanaka kudunhu iri, akati mushure megore gumi nemaviri zvingangoita kuti "nzvimbo iyi irambe ichishanda uye ichibhadhara mutero wepfuma wakakura kwazvo."
Chirwere chenyika, kuramba kwemunharaunda
Mhinduro Raytheon CEO Greg Hayes akagadzira mune kufona nevatengesi apfuura Gumiguru zvinoratidza kuti North Carolina chirimwa chingave chiri kufambisa mabasa kunze kweimwe nzvimbo. Vati kambani inotarisira kuchengetedza $ 175 miriyoni gore rega kana Asheville chirimwa chatanga kushanda, kuti chichava chakanyanya "otomatiki," uye kuti "zvimwe zvacho zvinosanganisira basa rekufambisa kubva kunzvimbo dzinodhura kuenda kunzvimbo dzinodhura." Nyanzvi yekufambisa haina kubatana nechirongwa Inofungidzirwa yeAsheville Citizen-Times iyo mari yevashandi iri 15 kusvika 20 muzana yakaderera muNorth Carolina kupfuura kuConnecticut; iyo mari inochengetwa inofanirwa muchikamu kumitemo yeNorth Carolina "kurudyi-kubasa" inoita kuti mubatanidzwa uome. MuConnecticut, uko Pratt & Whitney vane mahofisi makuru, chitsauko chemuno cheInternational Association of Machinists neAerospace Workers, inomiririra vashandi pakambani iyi, yakatumira tsamba inovhundutsa kunhengo dzayo mushure mekunge nhau dzegwenzi reAsheville dzaparara. Mubatanidzwa wakacherekedza kuti saiti yeNorth Carolina yakarongerwa kutanga kugadzirwa muna 2022 - gore rimwe chete iro vashandi vakabatana muConnecticut vachadzokororazve zvibvumirano zvavo.
"Tanga kuisa mari parizvino kuti ugadzirire," mubatanidzwa wakaudza nhengo dzayo. "[H] nhoroondo haina kuratidza Pratt & Whitney kuve kambani yakave nehanya kwazvo nevashandi vayo vemuConnecticut mupfungwa sezvo yaifambisa basa raimboitwa pano pasi rese." Mumiriri wemubatanidzwa akaramba kuramba kutsanangura tsamba iyi pasati paita hurukuro.
MuAsheville, hapana munhu anopokana nezvechibvumirano anopokana kuti guta rinoda mabasa anobhadhara zvirinani. Asi Andry, mudzidzisi, akati Kuramba kwaRaytheon AVL kurwira pamusoro pemuti kunowira kuchitendero chekuti "haasi ese mabasa anogadzirwa akaenzana." Nhengo dzeboka ikozvino dzave kukurukura nezve mukana wekuronga vashandi pane ramangwana Asheville fekitori.
Seimwe nzira inogona kuitika kuna Raytheon, Anne Craig, anowana mubairo werunyararo muna 2017 unopihwa nemapoka evagari vemo, akataura kuti Henderson County iri pedyo mugadziri wemagetsi ezuva mwedzi mushure meBuncombe County yakabvumidza chirongwa chaRaytheon. Chibvumirano ichocho, chinozoshandisa imba yekuchengetera iripo, zvirongwa makumi matanhatu zvemabasa zvakagadzirwa pamusoro pemakore mashanu paavhareji muhoro we $ 60. Kopi yechibvumirano chekukurudzira chakawanikwa neDeponsible Statecraft uye Kutarisana neSouth kubva kugweta redunhu chinoratidza chibvumirano nekudzivirirwa kuri nani kwevashandi kupfuura iyo naRaytheon. Chibvumirano ichi hachina mutauro pamusoro pe "kuedza kwakanaka kwekutenda" uye zvinongoda kuti kambani isangane nemabasa ekugadzira mabasa kuitira kuti vagamuchire mari kubva kudunhu, iyo inouya nemari inosvika madhora zviuru gumi nemana nemakumi mana nemakumi mana nematatu. (Verenga zvimwe pazasi nezvekuti kuisa mari mumaindasitiri emagetsi ezuva anoshanda kuNorth Carolina kunogona kushanda seimwe nzira yekuedza kuunza indasitiri yekudzivirira mabasa.
Varatidziri ava vakurudzirawo kushandisa mari yeruzhinji kuti vakudze chimwe chivimbiso chakaitwa neguta nedunhu nguva pfupi yadarika, izvo zvinogona zvakare kugadzira mabasa matsva. Kutevera kumuka kwegore rapfuura Nhema Hupenyu Matter kumukira, Asheville yakava rimwe remaguta mashoma pasirese kupasisa danho rinotsigira kuripwa kwehuranda, danho zvakare akabvumidzwa neBuncombe County. Asheville's Racial Justice Coalition, iyo yakasimudzira danho iri, inodaidzira mamirioni mana emadhora - chidimbu chidiki chemari yeruzhinji yakanzi ishandiswe kuPratt & Whitney saiti - kubhadhara zvirongwa zvakafukidzwa mukugadziriswa, senge dzimba dzinodhura. Kufamba kwakadai hakungogadzirise chete chikwereti chenhoroondo nekupa zvakanaka zvinoonekwa kunharaunda asi zvinogona zvakare kuve musiki webasa. Peltier, iyo economist, akaverengera Responsible Statecraft uye Kutarisana neSouth iyo $ 4 mamirioni yakashandiswa kuvaka dzimba dzakawanda dzinodhura dzaizogadzira dzinenge makumi matanhatu neshanu. yakananga, isina kunangana, uye inofuridzirwa jobs.
Zvichida hapana mukuru wehurumende muAsheville akanyatso kuverenga pachena nezvechibvumirano chaRaytheon kupfuura County Commission Sachigaro Newman, muzvinabhizimusi wezve simba rezuva anotsigira zvisarudzo zvekugadzirisa. Anodaidza dambudziko remamiriro ekunze "rakanyanya kukoshesa semunhu akasarudzwa" uye akataura kakawanda kuti anogovera zvinonetsa zveveruzhinji nezvehondo dzisingaperi. Zvisinei, anoti nzvimbo yechivakwa chakadai "haina kana chekuita nenyika yedu pakubata kwakakosha kwemitemo yekunze" uye zviito zvemitemo zvakaitwa padanho remubatanidzwa. "Dai ndaifunga kuti sarudzo dzakaitwa nehurumende yedu dzenharaunda dzaizove nechekuita nenyaya idzi, ndaizofunga zvakasiyana," akadaro mumusangano wavose munaNovember.
Asi Dan Grazier, murwi wemuMarine uye murindi wePentagon paProjekti paHurumende Yekutarisa, akati "hunyanzvi hwezvematongerwo enyika" nevanozvidzivirira chinhu chakakosha mukusagadzikana kwezvirongwa zvinoparadza zvombo zvachose uye F-35 kunyanya. Akarangarira 2017 Capitol Hill kushambadza chiitiko kuti akapinda mukati umo Lockheed Martin, F-35's prime contractor, anga akoka vashandi vekongiresi kuti vaedze F-35 jongwe remuchina vachinakidzwa nekondinendi yekondinendi. Grazier akaona kuti kambani yakanga yaisa zvinyorwa zvekusimudzira patafura yaisanganisira mepu kuratidza kuti mangani mabasa aanoti akasungirirwa kugadzirwa kwejeti yehondo mune yega yega nyika dzavanomiririra.
Vagadziri vemitemo mumakore achangopfuura vave kuwedzera kushinga kutora bhajeti remauto. Gore rakapera, semuenzaniso, zvisati zvamboitika nhengo 116 dzeUS House neSeneti dzakavhota cheka ne10 muzana. Asi kurwira kudzora mubhajeti rePentagon kunokanganiswa nehupfumi hwehupfumi. Kana Buncombe County Commissioner Beach-Ferrara, mufundisi nemumiriri wekodzero dzeLBBTQ, vakahwina mujaho wake wekongiresi, vangangopinda mudare iri vachimirira dunhu richangovimba naRaytheon kwemazana emabasa. Gungwa-Ferrara haana kupindura kune voicemail uye maemail achikumbira kubvunzurudzwa kwenyaya iyi.
"Unofanira kuzviisa kumaindasitiri ekudzivirira uye emauto-maindasitiri-macongress mukufungisisa zvese izvi," akadaro Grazier. "Nekuti nekuparadzira zvibvumirano zvese izvi muUnited States yese yeF-35, vakagadzira mazana nemazana evarwi vezvematongerwo enyika kuCapitol Hill vari kuzoita zvakawanda kudzivirira chirongwa ichi, zvisinei nekuti chinoita sei."
"Handifunge kuti chero ani wedu anotenda kuti tichamisa chirimwa ichi, asi kurwisa chirwere chenyika."
Pakupera kwekufamba kwavo mamaira mapfumbamwe kudzoka muna Chivabvu, varatidzi Raytheon AVL varatidziri vakapfuura nepabendekete rine huswa padivi pemugwagwa wakabatikana, vachiperera mugomba revhu tsvuku paive nekara nhema yekuvaka pamusoro pavo. Ivhu rakavhiringidzika kwaive kutanga kwebhiriji remangwana kunzvimbo yePratt & Whitney, yakabhadharwa nemari yakawanikwa yenhoroondo yegore ra1999 pakati pehurumende yeNorth Carolina nemakambani efodya. Mari iyi, yakaunzwa kuburikidza neGolden Leaf Foundation yenyika, inofanirwa kushandiswa kudzora hupfumi hwenzvimbo iyi kubva pamubato unokanganisa wefodya. Achisvika pazambuko rakavakwa zvishoma, Steve Norris, sekuru-sekuru vakapfeka chinyakare Middle Middle keffiyeh sikafu, vakati vanonzwira tsitsi vagari vemo vachitarisira kubhadharwa ipapo. Akabvumawo kuti veruzhinji vakanga vadzidza nezve chirongwa ichi nguva yakanyanyisa kuti vatadze.
"Handifunge kuti chero ani wedu anotenda kuti tichamisa chirimwa ichi," akadaro, "asi kurwisa chirwere chenyika."
Iyi nyaya yakatsigirwa neSidney Hillman Foundation.
