NaPat Mukuru, Gumiguru 10, 2020
Mhedzisiro yekuyedza yakaburitswa svondo rino neSt. Mary's River Watershed Association uye Maryland Dhipatimendi reZvakatipoteredza (MDE) inoratidza huwandu hwakawanda hwePFAS huturu mumakungwa uye mvura yemurwizi inosanganiswa nekushandiswa kwemakemikari paWebster Kunze kweMunda wePatuxent Rwizi. Naval Air Station (Webster Munda) muSt Inigoes, Maryland. Iyo base inowanikwa padhuze nezasi kwekumaodzanyemba kweSt. Mary's County, MD.
Mhedzisiro inoratidza maoyster murwizi neChurch Point uye muSt.Inigoes Creek maive nezvikamu zvinopfuura chiuru patirioni (ppt) yemakemikari ane chepfu. Oyster akaongororwa neEurofins, mutungamiri wenyika mukuyedzwa kwePFAS. Ongororo iyi yakaitwa pachinzvimbo cheSt. Mary's River Watershed Association uye nemari inotsigirwa neVashandi veVoruzhinji nezveMabatiro Ezvakatipoteredza, SHAMWARI.
Zvichakadaro, data rakaburitswa neMDC yakaratidza huwandu hwePFAS pa13.45 ng / l (nanograms paita, kana zvikamu matirioni) zvakawanikwa murwizi rwemvura anenge 2,300 tsoka kumadokero kweWebster Field. Zvichienderana nezvakawanikwa izvi, MDE inoshuma, "Mhedzisiro yeiyo PFAS kuongororwa kwehutano hweveruzhinji hwekuvaraidza pamusoro pemvura uye oyster yekushandisa yaive yakaderera kwazvo." Kuongororwa kwemvura yakasvibiswa nePFAS pamatanho akafanana mune mamwe matunhu, zvisinei, zvinoratidza kuti hupenyu hwemumvura hwaive nehupamhi hwehupfu, nekuda kweiyo bio yekuunganidza chimiro chemakemikari.
Oyster yakaunganidzwa kuChurch Point kuSt Mary's College yeMaryland yaive 1,100 ppt ye6: 2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, (FTSA) apa mabivalve muSt. Inigoes Creek akasvibiswa ne800 ppt yePerfluorobutanoic acid, (PFBA) uye 220 ppt yePerfluoropentanoic acid, (PFPeA).
Vakuru vanotungamira vehutano veveruzhinji vanotiyambira kwete kudya zvinopfuura 1 ppt yehupfu pazuva mumvura yekunwa. PFAS makemikari akabatanidzwa kune yakawanda kenza, kusagadzikana kwemwana, uye zvirwere zvehucheche, kusanganisira autism, asthma, uye kutadza kushomeka kusagadzikana. Vanhu havafanirwe kudya maoysters aya, kunyanya vakadzi vanogona kunge vaine pamuviri.
MuMadganist, basa rekuchengetedzwa kwehutsanana hwema oysters rakakamurwa pakati pematatu ehurumende: Maryland Dhipatimendi reZvakatipoteredza (MDE), Dhipatimendi reZvinowanikwa (DNR), uye Dhipatimendi rehutano nePfungwa Hutsanana (DHMH). Aya masangano akakundikana kuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji nepo hutungamiriri hwaTrump EPA yakasununguka zviyero nezve kusvibiswa kwePFAS. Kana nyika dzakamhan'arira Dhipatimendi reDziviriro kuti riise chepfu chikafu nemvura, iyo DOD yakapindura nekuzviti "kuzvitonga kuzere" zvichireva kuti vanochengetera kodzero yekusvibisa nzira dzemvura nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwenyika.
Kunyatso Tarisa Kune Iyo Sayenzi: Yakasvibiswa Oyster
Kunyangwe iyo MDE ichiti hapana chekutya uye Vakuru veNavy vanoti hapana humbowo hwekuti kusvibiswa kwePFAS kwakapararira kupfuura mabheseni ayo, Dr. Kyla Bennett PEER's Director weSainzi Policy anoti kuyedzwa kwenyika kwaive kushoma kuti vataure kuti kune hutano hushoma hwakabatana nekudyisa maoyster.
"Tinofanira kuziva zvakawanda," akadaro.
Maererano Bay Chinyorwa Bennett akati pane zvikanganiso mukuyedzwa kwenyika izvo zvakakanganisa kugona kwayo kunyatsoongorora njodzi dzehutano. Semuenzaniso, akadaro, kuyedzwa kweMDE "kwaisazokwenenzvera kutora chinoumba chinotambudza kunyangwe pamatanho ezviuru zvezvikamu zvematirioni. Zvakare, akadaro, nyika yakangoyedza masampuli ayo ese gumi nemana emamwe anodarika zviuru zvisere anozivikanwa ePFAS. ”
"Tichifunga kuti vakakundikana kuyedza zvese makumi matatu neshanu [PFAS makomponi] panzvimbo dzadzo dzese, zvichitariswa kuti miganho yekucherechedza nemasikirwo avo zvakakwirira, kusvika pamazana zviuru gumi pamatirioni, kuti vafunge kuti kune njodzi shoma, ndinofunga kusava nebasa, ”akadaro.
Oysters gumi anobva kuSt Mary's Rwizi anowanikwa pane yakakangwa oyster platter pane yekudyira yegungwa mudunhu iri inogona kunge iine magiramu mazana mashanu emaoysters. Kana oyster imwe neimwe iine chiuru ppt chemakemikari ePFAS, zvakafanana nechikamu chimwe chete bhiriyoni, chakafanana ne500 nanogram pagiramu, (ng / g).
Saka, 1 ng / gx 500 g (gumi maoysters) akaenzana mazana mashanu ePFAS.
Mukusavapo kunosiririsa kwemutemo wehurumende nehurumende, tinogona kutarisa kuEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) kuti itungamirirwe, kunyangwe vazhinji vakuru vehutano hweveruzhinji vachiti mazinga avo ePFAS akakwirira zvine njodzi. Kunyange zvakadaro, veEuropean vari pamberi peUS mukuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji kubva mukuparadzwa kwemakemikari aya.
EFSA yakagadza Inotonhorera Yevhiki nevhiki Intake (TWI) pa4.4 nanograms pakirogiramu yehuremu hwemuviri. (4.4 ng / kg / wk) yemakemikari ePFAS mune chikafu.
Saka, mumwe munhu anorema 150 pondo (68 kilos) anogona "zvakachengeteka" inodya nanograms mazana matatu pasvondo. (ng / wk) [ingangoita 68 x 4.4] yemakemikari ePFAS.
Ngatitii mumwe munhu anodya chikafu chegumi chakabikwa oyster anorema magiramu mazana mashanu (.10 kg) ane 500 ng / kg yemakemikari ePFAS.
[.5 kg yemazai x 1,000 ng PFAS / kg = 500 ngs dzePFAS muchikafu ichocho.]
VaEuropean vanoti hatifanire kunwisa anodarika mazana matatu nanograms pasvondo remakemikari ePFAS, saka, imwe yakabikwa oyster ndiro inodarika iyo nhanho. Kana tikaramba takavimbika 300 ppt mazuva ese muganho unotsigirwa neHarvard Chikoro cheParuzhinji Hutano kana iyo Environmental Working Group, isu tinogumira pakunwisa oyster imwe yeSt Mary's River oyster mwedzi miviri yega yega. Zvichakadaro, Maryland inoti njodzi dzehutano kubva kumaoyster idzi "dzakaderera kwazvo."
Dambudziko rehutano hweveruzhinji rinoenderera mberi nenhepfenyuro dzinoteerera dzichitepfenyura nyika nemauto kuburitsa kusipo kuongorora kwakanyanya. Chii chinonzi veruzhinji kuti vafunge neimwe nzira? Kunyanya kukosha, veruzhinji vanofanirwa kuvimba naani? Harvard Chikoro cheHuzhinji Hutano? yeEuropean Food Safety Authority? kana iyo Republican-inomhanya Maryland Dhipatimendi reZvakatipoteredza ine chinosiririsa chinyorwa chekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza chinoshanda pasi pechisina basa EPA?
Usadye maoysters.
EFSA inoti iyo "hove nezvimwe zvekudya zvegungwa" zvinosvika kusvika pa86% yekudya kwePFAS kuratidzwa muvakuru. Zvizhinji zvekufumurwa uku zvinokonzerwa nekushandisa kushaya hanya kwemaputi ekudzimisa moto pazvigaro zvemauto kubvira kutanga kwema1970. Chikafu chakasimwa kubva kuminda yakafukidzwa nePFAS-yakazara sludge kubva kunzvimbo dzemauto nemaindasitiri, yakasviba mvura yekunwa kubva kunzvimbo imwe chete, uye zvigadzirwa zvevatengi zvinoumba iwo asara ezvinyorwa zvinopa ruzhinji kupinza PFAS.
yekushandiswa kwechiratidzo chePatuxent Rwizi Naval Air Station.
Kutarisisa Kwazvo Iyo Sayenzi: Yakasviba Mvura
Iyo data yakaburitswa neMDC inoratidza mazinga e 13.45 ng / l muRwizi rwaSt. Mary padhuze neWebster Munda zviri kuvhiringidza nekuti zvinoratidza kusvibiswa kukuru kwehupenyu hwese hwemumvura munzvimbo yemvura. Iyo huwandu hunobvumidzwa hwePFAS muEuropean Union is .13 ng / l mumvura yegungwa. Iwo mazinga ari muSt.
In Gungwa Monoma, Wisconsin, padyo neTruax Munda Mhepo National Guard Base, mvura yakasvibiswa ne15 ng / l yePFAS. Zviremera zvinogumira kudya carp, pike, bass, uye perch pakudya kumwechete pamwedzi, kunyangwe vazhinji vezvehutano vachiti kubvumidza kunwa hakuna basa.
Munzvimbo yeSouth Bay yeSan Francisco Bay, mvura yegungwa yaive ne10.87 ng / l yemakemikari ePFAS. (yakaderera kupfuura St. Mary's) Ona Tafura 2a. Bivalves akawanikwa pa5.25 ng / g, kana 5,250 241,000 ppt. Pacific Staghorn Sculpin yakawanikwa munzvimbo imwechete ine 25.99 ppt. yePFAS. Saizvozvowo, kuEdeni Kumhara muSan Francisco Bay, mvura yakawanikwa iine 76,300 ng / l, nepo imwe bivalve yaive neXNUMX ppt yehupfu.
MuNew Jersey, iyo Echo Lake Reservoir yaive ne24.3 ng / l uye Rwizi rweCohansey rwakawanikwa riine 17.9 ng / l yePFAS yakazara. Largemouth Bass yakawanikwa muEcho Lake Reservoir iine 5,120 ppt yeFFAS yakazara nepo Rwizi rweCohansey rwanga riine White Perch ine 3,040 ppt yePFAS. Kune akawanda e data anowanikwa kubva kumatunhu anga ave akanyanya kudzivirira hutano hweveruzhinji kupfuura Maryland. Iyo poindi apa ndeyekuti mazhinji emakemikari ePFAS aya ari bio akaunganidzwa muhupenyu hwemumvura uye nevanhu.
Muna 2002, chidzidzo chakaonekwa mumagazini, Environmental Contamination uye Toxicology yakashuma oyster sampu iyo yaive ne1,100 ng / g kana 1,100,000 ppt yePFOS, inonyanya kuzivikanwa nePFAS "nekusingaperi makemikari." Iyo oyster yakaunganidzwa kuHog Point muCheesapeake Bay, anenge mazana matatu emamita kubva kunhandare yePatuxent River Naval Air Station. Nhasi, mushumo mutsva kubva kuMDC iyo yakadhinda pamusoro pemvura uye maoysters munzvimbo imwechete yePFAS yakawana "pasina nhanho dzekunetseka."
