Heano Nenzira gumi nembiri Kurwiswa kweU.S. kweIraq Kunogara Mu infamy

NaMedea Benjamin naNicolas SJ Davies, Kurume 17, 2020

Nyika ichidyiwa neyakaipisisa denda, muna Kurume 19 kutonga kwaTrump kuchave kuchiratidzira makore gumi nematanhatu kurwisa kweUS Iraq muIraq. kusimudza kunetsana ikoko. Mushure mehondo yeIran inoratidzira kurovera nzvimbo yekuUS padhuze neBaghdad munaKurume 11, mauto eUS akaita kurwiswa kunopesana nemashanu emafekitori ezvechiuto uye akazivisa kuti ari kutumira dzimwe ndege mbiri mudunhu masystem uye mazana mauto mamwe kuti uzvishandise. Izvi zvinopesana ne Ndira vhoti yeparamende yeIraq yakadaidzira mauto eUS kuti abude munyika. Izvo zvinoendawo zvinopesana nemafungiro evazhinji veAmerica, avo funga Hondo yeIraq yanga isina kukodzera kurwa, uye nekumhanyisa kuvimbisa kwaVaDonald Trump kupedza hondo dzisingaperi.

Makumi gumi nemanomwe apfuura, mauto eUS akarwisa uye vakapinda muIraq nechisimba chekupfuura 460,000 mauto kubva kwese kwese kwese kurwa mabasa, akatsigirwa na 46,000 UK mauto, zviuru zviviri kubva kuAustralia uye mazana mashoma kubva kuPoland, Spain, Portugal neDenmark. "Kutya nekushamisika" kubhururuka kwendege kusimuka 29,200 mabhomba uye makomba paIraq mumavhiki mashanu ekutanga ehondo.

Kurwisa kweUS kwaive mhosva yeutsinye pasi mutemo wenyika yose, uye yakashorwa zvakanyanya nevanhu nenyika dzepasi rese, kusanganisira vanhu mamiriyoni 30 avo vakaenda kumigwagwa mune nyika makumi matanhatu neshanu munaFebruary 60, 15, kuratidza kutyisa kwavo kuti izvi zvinogona kunge zviri kuitika pakutanga kwemakore e2003. Mutori venhau vekuAmerican Arthur Schlesinger Jr., aive mutauri wemutauriri weMutungamiri John F. Kennedy, akafananidza kuuya kweIraq neIraq kurwisa kweJapan paPearl Harbor muna 21. uye akanyora, "Nhasi, isu maAmerican tinogara mukurumbira."

Makumi gumi nemanomwe gare gare, mhedzisiro yekupinda iyi yagara kune kutya kwevose vaipokana nako. Hondo uye kuvengana zvinoputika mudunhu rese, uye kupesana pamusoro pehondo nerunyararo muUS uye nyika dzeWestern dzinoshora yedu anosarudza kwazvo maonero yedu pachedu sevanhu vepamberi, nzanga dzakabudirira. Heano kutarisa kwezvegumi nemaviri emhedzisiro yakakomba yehondo yeUS muIraq.

1. Mamirioni eIrais Akaurayiwa uye Akakuvadzwa

Zvinofungidzirwa pahuwandu hwevanhu vakaurayiwa mukupinda nekugara kweIraq zvakasiyana zvakanyanya, asi kunyangwe zvakanyanya kuchengetedza inofungidzirwa maringe nekuparadzwa kwakasarudzika kwekufa kwakasimbiswa kuri mumazana ezviuru. Zvakakomba zvidzidzo zvezesayenzi vanofungidzira kuti 655,000 Iraqis yakange yafa mumakore matatu ehondo, uye vangangosvika miriyoni naGunyana 2007. Mhirizhonga yekukwira kweUS kana "kuvhiya" yakaramba ichipinda muna2008, uye kurwa kwakapfuurira kuenderera mberi kubva muna2009 kusvika muna 2014. Ipapo mushandirapamwe wavo mutsva. kurwisa Islamic State, iyo US nemubatanidzwa wayo vakaputitsa maguta makuru muIraq neSyria neanopfuura 118,000 mabhomba uye inonyanya kutyisa artillery mabhomba kubvira Hondo yeVietnam. Ivo vakadzora yakawanda yeMosul nemamwe maguta eIraq kuita rubble, uye yekutanga Iraqi Kurdish intelligence report yakawana kuti kupfuura 40,000 civilians vakaurayiwa muMosul chete. Iko hakuna huwandu hwakazara hwekufa kweiyi chikamu chakapfuura chehondo. Pamusoro pehupenyu hwese hwakarasika, kunyangwe vanhu vazhinji vakakuvara. Sangano rehurumende yeIraq Central Statistical Organisation rinoti Mamirioni maviri maIraq vakasiyiwa vakaremara.

2. Mamirioni Akawedzera Iraqis Inotsemurwa

Pakazosvika 2007, UN High Commissioner yeVapoteri (UNHCR) yakashuma kuti zvakapotsa Mamirioni maviri maIraq vakanga vatiza mhirizhonga nemhirizhonga yavaigara muIraq, kunyanya kuenda kuJodhani neSyria, vamwe 1.7 miriyoni vakadzingwa mukati menyika. Hondo yeUS kuIslam State yakavimba zvakanyanya nekuputika nemabhomba, nekuparadza dzimba dzakawandisa uye kudzingisa anoshamisa mamirioni matanhatu ekuIrais kubva 6 kusvika 2014. Maererano neUNHCR, Vanhu vanosvika mamirioni mazana mana neshanu vakadzokera kudzimba dzavo sezvo Hondo iri pa IS yakatanga, kutamiswa. ” Vana veIraq vanotorerwa dzimba vanomiririra "chizvarwa chakaremerwa nemhirizhonga, vanotorerwa dzidzo nemikana," maererano ne UN Special rapporteur Cecilia Jimenez-Damary.

3. Zviuru zveAmerican, Britain uye Zvimwe Zvokunze Trojan zvakaurayiwa uye zvakakuvadzwa

Ipo mauto eU.S. anodzikisira akuvara eIraq, iwo unoteedzera nekuburitsa zvawo. Kubva raFebruary 2020, 4,576 US mauto uye 181 mauto eBrithani akaurayiwa muIraq, pamwe nemamwe mauto gumi nemana emakumi mairi nemairi. Vanopfuura 142 muzana vemauto ekune dzimwe nyika akaurayiwa muIraq vanga vari maAmerican. MuAfghanistan, uko iyo US yakawana rutsigiro rwakawanda kubva kuNATO nevamwe vamadikani, makumi manomwe nenomwe muzana muzana mauto ekupamba akaurayiwa vanga vari maAmerican. Mugove wakakura wevakaurayiwa veUS muIraq ndeimwe yemitengo vanhu vekuAmerica vabhadhara iyo unilateral, zvisiri pamutemo chimiro chekupinda muUS. Pakazosvika nguva iyo mauto eUS abva kwenguva pfupi kubva kuIraq muna 93, 32,200 US mauto akakuvara. Sezvo iyo US yakaedza kubuda uye yaburitsa basa rayo, panguva 917 ma contractor eruzhinji nevemasenari vakaurayirwawo uye gumi nemakumi mashanu nevashanu vakakuvara muIraq, asi havazi vese vaive zvizvarwa zveAmerica.

4. Kunyangwe Vazhinji Veterans Vakaita Kuzviuraya

Vanodarika makumi maviri veVar veteran vanozviuraya zuva rega rega - ndiko kufa kwakawanda gore rimwe nerimwe kupfuura kufa kwemauto eU.S. muIraq. Avo vane huwandu hwakanyanya hwekuzviuraya ndivo veteran vechidiki vanekuratidzira kurwisa, vanozviuraya pamitengo "4-10 nguva dzakakwirira pane shamwari dzevagari vemo. ” Sei? Sezvinotsanangurwa naMateu Hoh veVeterans for Peace, vazhinji vetera "vanonetseka kubatana munharaunda," vanonyara kukumbira rubatsiro, vanoremerwa nezvavakaona uye zvavakaita muchiuto, vanodzidziswa kupfura nepfuti, uye vanotakura nepfungwa uye nepfungwa. maronda omuviri anoita kuti hupenyu hwavo huome.

5. Trillion yeMadhora Akakundwa

Musi waKurume 16, 2003, mazuva mashoma kurwiswa kweUS kusati kwaitika, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri Dick Cheney akafungidzira kuti hondo iyi yaizotorera US mabhiriyoni zana emadhora uye kubatanidzwa kweUS kunogara kwemakore maviri. Makumi nemanomwe makore, mitengo iri kuramba ichikwira. Iyo DRM Budget Hofisi (CBO) inofungidzira mutengo we $ 2.4 tiririyoni kwehondo dzakaitika muIraq neAfghanistan muna 2007. Nobel Mubayiro-anokunda muhupfumi Joseph Stiglitz uye Harvard University's Linda Bilmes akafungidzira mutengo wehondo yeIraq anopfuura $ 3 tiririyoni, "Zvichikonzerwa nekufungidzira kwekufungidzira," muna 2008. Hurumende yeUK yakashandisa zvakati 9 miriyoni mapaundi mumitengo yakananga kuburikidza 2010. Zvakaitwa neUS kwete kushandisa mari pa, zvinopesana nezvinodavirwa nevanhu vazhinji vekuAmerican, yaive yekuvakazve Iraq, iyo nyika yakaraswa nehondo yedu.

6. Kusashanda uye Uori neHurumende yeIraq

Vazhinji vevarume (hapana vakadzi!) kumhanya Iraq nhasi vachiri vaimbove vatapwa vakapinda muBaghdad muna 2003 pazvitsitsinho zveUS ne Britain zvekupinda mauto. Iraq pakupedzisira yatozotumira zvakare kunze kwenyika mamiriyoni 3.8 mabhomba emafuta pazuva uye anowana madhora mazana masere emadhora pagore mukutengesa kunze kwemafuta, asi shoma yemari iyi inochera pasi kuti ivake dzimba dzakaparadzwa uye kana kupa mabasa, hutano hwehutano kana dzidzo yeIraq. zvikamu makumi matatu nezvisere kubva muzana avo kunyange mabasa. Vechidiki vemuIraq vaenda kumigwagwa kunoda kuti kupera kwehuwori hwekupedzisira hwe2003 Iraq yezvematongerwo enyika uye pesheni yeUS neIran pamusoro pezvematongerwo enyika yeIraq. Vanodarika mazana matanhatu varatidziri vakaurayiwa nemauto ehurumende, asi kuratidzira kwakamanikidza Mutungamiriri Adel Abdul Mahdi kusiya chigaro. Imwe yaimbove yekuMadokero-yakatapwa, Mohammed Tawfiq Allawi, hama yaimbove gurukota rinowona pakati peAmerica akasarudzwa kuve Ayad Allawi, akasarudzwa kuti amutsiva, asi akasiya chigaro mukati memavhiki mushure mekunge National Assembly yatadza kubvumidza sarudzo yake yekanzuru. Bato rinoratidzira rakapemberera kusiya basa kwaAllawi, uye Abdul Mahdi akabvuma kuramba ari semutungamiriri, asi se “mutarisiri” wekuita mabasa akakosha kusvika sarudzo itsva dzagona kuitwa. Akadaidzira sarudzo itsva muna Zvita. Kusvika panguva iyoyo, Iraq inoramba iri mune yezvematongerwo enyika limbo, ichiri kugarwa nemazana mashanu ezviuru eUS mauto.

7. Hondo isiri yemutemo paIraq Yakadzora Kutonga Kwemutemo Wenyika Dzese

Apo US yakapinda muIraq pasina mvumo yeUN Security Council, wekutanga mubatwi aive United Nations Charter, hwaro rerunyararo nemutemo wepasi rese kubva Hondo Yenyika II, iyo inorambidza kutyisidzira kana kushandiswa kwesimba nenyika chero ipi neipi ichipokana neimwe. Mutemo wepasi rese unobvumidza chiuto kuita sekudikanwa uye nekudzivirira kuzvidzivirira pakurwisa kana kutyisidzira. Izvo zvisiri pamutemo 2002 Bush dzidziso yekuregererwa yaive zvakasarudzika zvakarambwa nekuti yakadarika iyi nheyo yakatetepa uye ikakumbira kodzero yakasarudzika yeUS kuti ishandise mauto ehumwe "kuti isarudze kutyisidzira kuri kubuda," ichidzvinyirira chiremera cheUN Security Council kusarudza kana tyisidziro yakati inoda kupindura kwemauto kana kwete. Kofi Annan, munyori-mukuru weUN panguva iyoyo, akadaro kupinda zvisiri pamutemo uye zvaizotungamira pakuparara murunyararo rwenyika, uye ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika. Apo US yakatsika UN Charter, vamwe vakasungirwa kutevera. Nhasi tiri kutarisa Turkey neIsrael vachitevera tsoka dzeUS, vachirwisa uye vachipinda Syria nechisimba sekunge isiri kunyange nyika yakazvimirira, vachishandisa vanhu veSyria sevadzvinyiriri mumitambo yavo yezvematongerwo enyika.

8. Hondo dzeIraq Dzakashatisa US Democracy

Wechipiri munhukadzi wekupinda uyu aive democracy yeAmerica. Congress yakavhota zvehondo zvichibva pane inonzi "Pfupiso" yeNational Intelligence Estimate (NIE) iyo yakanga isiri yemhando. The Washington Post yakataura kuti vatanhatu chete kubva pamazana maseneta uye nhengo shoma dzeDzimba Verenga iyo chaiyo NIE. The 25-peji "pfupiso" kuti dzimwe nhengo dzeCongress dzakavhotera mavhoti yakanga iri gwaro rakaburitswa mwedzi yakapfuura "kuita ruzhinji mhosva yehondo," mumwe wevanyori vayo, CIA's Paul Pillar, akazoreururwa kuPBS Frontline. Iyo yaive nezvichemo zvinokatyamadza izvo zvaive zvisingawanikwe muNIE chaiyo, sekunge iyo CIA yaiziva nezve nzvimbo mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu umo Iraq yaichengetedza zvombo zvemakemikari nezvipenyu. Secretary of State Colin Powell akadzokorora akawanda enhema idzi maari kuita zvinonyadzisa kuUN Security Council munaFebruary 2003, apo Bush naCheney vakaishandisa muhurukuro huru, kusanganisira Bush's 2003 State yekero yeUnited Union. Demokrasi - kutonga kwevanhu, - zvinogoneka sei kana vanhu vatinosarudza kuti vamiririre muCongress vanogona kunyengedzwa kuti vavhote nehondo ine njodzi neboka renhema rakadai?

9. Kusagadzikana kwehurongwa hweHondo dzakarongeka

Mumwe munhu akarwiswa nekupinda muIraq yaive fungidziro yekuti maPurezidhendi nemaonero ari pasi pehutongi hwemitemo. Makumi gumi nemanomwe gare gare, vanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica vanofunga kuti mutungamiri wenyika anogona kurwa uye kuuraya vatungamiriri vekunze uye vanofungidzirwa kuti magandanga sezvaanoda, pasina kuzvidavirira. Rini Mutungamiri Obama akati aida kutarisa kumberi kudzokera kumashure, uye akasabata munhu kubva kune veBush management mhosva yavo, zvaiita sekunge ivo vakarega kupara mhosva uye vakajairwa sedzemutemo weUS. Izvi zvinosanganisira mhosva dzeutsinye kurwisa dzimwe nyika; the kuurayiwa kwevanhu vazhinji kwazvo muUS airstrikes nedrone kurova; uye the kusagadziriswa kwekutarisa yefoni dzese dzemuAmerican dzerunhare, maemail, kuongorora nhoroondo uye maonero. Asi idzi mhosva uye kutyora kwebumbiro reUS, uye kuramba kubata mhosva avo vakapara mhosva idzi, zvaita kuti zvidzorerwe.

10. Kuparadza kwezvakatipoteredza

Munguva yekutanga yeGulf Hondo, iyo US akadonha Makani mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu emakondo ehondo uye zvinoputika zvakagadzirwa nehuranium yakapera, izvo zvakaisa chepfu nemvura nemvura uye zvichikonzera kuwanda kwedenda rekenza. Mumakumi emakore anotevera e "ecocide," Iraq yakatambudzwa ne kupisa emakawanda ematsime emafuta; kusvibiswa kwemasosi emvura kubva pakuraswa kwemafuta, mvura yemugodhi nemakemikari; mamirioni ematani emarara kubva akaparadza maguta namaguta; uye kupisa huwandu hwakakura hwetsvina yehondo munzvimbo dzakashama "kupisa makomba" munguva yehondo. Iko kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nehondo inosanganisirwa nehuwandu hwepamusoro hwekusakwana kwekuzvarwa kwekuzvarwa, kuberekwa kwepamberi, zvikanganiso uye kenza (kusanganisira leukemia) muIraq. Kusvibiswa uku kwakanganisa zvakare mauto eUS. "Vanodarika 85,000 US Iraq veteran veterans ... vanga chirwere aine zvinetso zvekufema uye kufema, makenza, chirwere chemitsipa, kushungurudzika uye chirwere chepfungwa kubva pakudzoka kubva kuIraq, " muchengeti mishumo. Uye zvikamu zveIraq zvinogona kusazombopora kubva pakuparara kwezvakatipoteredza.

11. iyo US's Sectarian "Inoparadzanisa uye Yakatonga" Policy muIraq Yakatambanudza Havoc Nharaunda Dunhu

MuIraq yezana ramakore rechi 20, vashoma vechiSunni vaive nesimba rakakura kupfuura vazhinji veShia, asi kazhinji, mapoka akasiyana aigara padivi-munharaunda dzakavhengana uye kunyange vakaroora. Shamwari dzakasanganiswa nevabereki vechiShia / veSunni vanotiudza kuti iyo isati yapinda US, ivo vaisamboziva kuti ndeupi mubereki aive Shia uye aive weSnini. Mushure mekurwisa uku, iyo US yakapa simba boka idzva rekutonga reShiite rinotungamirwa nevaichimbova vatapwa vakabatana neUS neIran, pamwe nevaKurds mudunhu ravo maodzanyepedzera kuchamhembe. Kuwedzerwa kwesimba remasimba uye nemaune maitiro e "US kupatsanura uye kutonga" nemaitiro kwakatungamira mafungu echisimba anotyisa emapato, kusanganisira kucheneswa kwenharaunda neInterior Ministry. rufu zvikwere pasi pe US command. Kupesana kwemasangano kwakaunzwa neUS muIraq kwakatungamira mukutangazve kweAl Qaeda uye kubuda kweISIS, uko kwakakonzera nyonganiso mudunhu rese.

12. Hondo Nyowani Yepakati Pakati peUS uye iyo Inosimukira Multilateral World

Mutungamiri Bush pavakazivisa "dzidziso yekuregererwa" muna 2002, Seneta Edward Kennedy akaitumidza "Kukokwa kwezvekuMabvazuva kwechi21 nyika iyo hakuna imwe nyika inogona kugamuchira kana kugamuchira." Asi nyika kusvika parizvino yatadza kana kunyengerera US kuti ishandure nzira kana kubatana mukumirira kupokana kwayo nehondo. France neGermany yakamira zvine hushingi neRussia uye yakawanda yeGlobal South kupikisa kupinda kweIraq muUN Security Council muna 2003. Asi hurumende dzekumadokero dzakabvuma runako rwaObama zvisina kufanira sevhavha yekusimbisa hukama hwavo neUS China yaive yakabatikana kuwedzera basa rayo. rugare rwekuvandudza hupfumi uye chinzvimbo chayo sehupfumi hweAsia, uku Russia ichiri kuvaka zvakare hupfumi hwayo kubva kune neoliberal chaos uye hurombo hwema1990. Hapana mumwe anga akagadzirira kupokana nekushomeka kweUS kusvika US, NATO nevamwe vavo vechiArab monarchist vayambira Ribhiya uye Siriya Muna 2011. Mushure mekudonha kweLibya, Russia inoita sekunge yakasarudza inofanira kumira kune hutongi hweUS shanduko kana kupedzisira yawira pasi pachayo.

Mafungu ehupfumi akachinja, nyika yakawanda iri kubuda, uye nyika iri kutarisira kupokana netariro yekuti vanhu veAmerica nevatungamiriri vatsva veAmerica vachatora simba muhumambo hweAmerica zana ramakumi maviri nemasere isati yatungamira kuhondo inotyisa yeUS neIran. , Russia kana China. Sevanhu vekuAmerican, tinofanirwa kutarisira kuti rutendo rwepasi rose mukugona kwekuti tingaunze demokrasi kuunza hutsanana nerunyararo kumutemo weUS hauna kuiswa zvisirizvo. Nzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga ichave yekubatana nekufona neIraq Paramende kwemauto eUS kuti abve muIraq.

Medea Bhenjamini, mubatsiri we CODEPINK Rugare, ndiye munyori wemabhuku akati wandei, kusanganisira Mukati Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran uye Umambo hwevasina kururama: Shure US-Saudi Connection.

Nicolas JS Davies mutori wenhau akazvimirira, muongorori we CODEPINK, uye munyori we Ropa pamaoko edu: IAmerican Invasion uye Kuparadza kweIraq.

Ichi chinyorwa chakabudiswa Runyararo rweMunharaunda, chirongwa cheiyo Independent Media Institute.