NaJosefa Essertier, January 6, 2019
From ZNet
"Kukwanisa kunyora zvikamu zvikuru zvevanhu seZvimwe, sekuraswa, sevashoma pane vanhu uye nekudaro zvakafanirwa nekuzvipira, zvakanyatsoenderana neicho chokwadi chekusimudzira hupfumi hwedu nemafuta, uye zvagara zvakadaro. Simba rakasarudzika harigone kuvapo, harina kubvira rambokwanisa kuvapo, pasina nzvimbo dzekubaira uye nevanhu vekuzvipira. - Naome Klein, "Naomi Klein: Kufungidzira Ramangwana risina Zvibayiro", Zvimwe Zvimwe uye Zvimwe Zvakanaka Musangano, 2015
Gore rapera Business Insider akatsanangura kuti "pasina makorari emakungwa, kunogona kuve nekudengenyeka kwezvisikwa zvipenyu kuwira mukati megungwa, zvichiguma nemigumisiro yakaipisisa pasi." Uye mu2012 Roger Bradbury, nyanzvi yezvinyorwa kuAustralia National University yakatiudza kuti makorari emakorari ari kufa; kuti International Coral Reef Symposium inodanwa "kune hurumende dzose kuti dzive nechokwadi remangwana remakungwa emakorari;" kuti "mazana emamiriyoni evanhu vari varombo, nyika dzinotyisa dzinofanana neIndonesia nePhilippine dzinotarisana nemakungwa emakorari ezvokudya" zvichatambura; kuti indasitiri yezvekushanyirwa kwe "nyika dzakapfuma dzine koral reefs, kufanana neUnited States, Australia neJapan" inopisidzirwa; kuti Mexico neThailand "kuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya uye zvekushanyirwa kwekutengesera" zvichave "zvakakuvadzwa kwazvo;" uye kuti pachava nokurasikirwa kukuru kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana (New York Times). Parizvino pane kubvumirana pamusoro peikuuraya koral: kudziya kwegungwa-pamusoro pekushisa, gungwa acidification, kusvibiswa, kusvuta kwepamusoro, uye zvichida kunyange mhando dzisina kusimba uye kukura kwegungwa.
Asi kune mumwe mumwe muurayi wekoral. Ndiyo imwe yenyika inouraya vanhu vepasi pose, uye iri kupangidzira kuponesa kwezvedu zvipenyu zvedu. Ndinonyora zveuto reUnited States uye, mumuenzaniso uyu, kurwisa kwaro koral yeOura Bay muOkinawa, Japan. Hondo yeAmerica inogadzirisa pamakorari inonyanya kuuraya nokuti ine parutivi rwayo mumwe muurayi, hurumende yeJapan, iyo inozivikanwa zvikuru ikozvino kwekuuraya kwegungwa-yekurwisa mhirizhonga, dolphins, uye hove, kusareva vanhu ivavo zvinotyisa zvakakwana kugara kumhenderekedzo yegungwa uye kurarama kune hove kana kuti mararamiro ake aimbovimba nehove. (Hurumende iyoyo yakabatsira kuvaka zvivako zvemanyuriya pedyo ne-tsunami-inowanikwa mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, uye kunyange yakatsigira Tokyo Electric Power Company kana TEPCO mushure mekuparadzwa kweFukushima Daiichi iyo yakasvibisa mvura yakawanda inopisa mvura muPacific Ocean).
Nekuvaka kwebasa reHenoko, iyo vari kuwedzera Camp Schwab muOura Bay, Tokyo inopa Washington imwe huru yeAmerican Marine Corps-kuba kune varombo nekupa kune vapfumi. (Camp Schwab iri muruwa rweNenoko rweNago City). Kune rumwe rutivi simira masimba ane simba-Tokyo, Washington, uye makambani akasiyana-siyana ari kubatsirwa kubva pakuvakwa kwenheyo-asi kune rimwe divi rinomira vanhu Uchinā. Uchinā ndiro zita rokuti "Okinawa" in Uchināguchi, mutauro wakaberekerwa kuOkinawa Island. Hondo yeOkinawa yakaponda chikamu chetatu che Uchinā vanhu, vakasara vazhinji vavo vasina pokugara, uye vakaparadza nyika yavo, saka vasingadi kutaura, havadi kuti izvozvo zviitike zvakare. Uchinā vanhu vakarwa nechetatu kwezana remakore kuti varatidze nyika yavo uye vadzivirire aya maviri ane simba, maU.S. neJapan, kubva kuchinja nyika yavo kuva nhare yehondozve zvakare. Vakatambura, pamwe nekubudirira, zvese pavari, kwemakumi emakore. Vagari vomuJapane pamwe chete vakafanana ne100 nguva nguva yevanhu veOkinawa Prefecture. Nokuenzanisa, korea inenge inenge 50 nguva nguva yevanhu veOkinawa. Apo zvakave zvakaoma kunyange kuKorea kuchengeta kuzvimiririra kubva kuTokyo neWashington, fungidzira kuti chii Uchinā vanhu vanga vamukira.
Uchināguchi ndiyo mutauro wemutauro weOkinawa Island uye haisi kunyatsonzwisiswa nemutauro weTokyo. The Uchinā vanhu vaifarira rusununguko sehurumende yakasiyana kusvikira muzana remakore re17 uye shure kweizvozvo vakakwanisa kuchengetedza humwe hurumende kubva kuJapan kusvika 1874. Chikamu makumi maviri kubva munzvimbo yose yeOkinawa Island ikozvino inotorwa neUnited States. Zvose zvayo zvinotongwa neTokyo. Okinawa Island inongova chimwe chezvitsuwa zvakawanda muOkinawa Prefecture dzine mauto ehondo, ehurumende yeUnited States kana kuti "Self-defense" Forces (SDF) yeJapan. Miyako Island uye Ishigaki Island kune mbiri dzezvimwe zviwi zvikuru zvinogadzira Okinawa Prefecture. Vatatu vevatatu vevarwi veuto reChina vaE50,000 vakamira muJapan vanogara muOkinawa Prefecture.
Washington neTokyo vanoda kushandisa Uchinā zvakare sechandinoti "nzvimbo yekupira," achikwereta nguva yaNaomi Klein. Kwekupedzisira kwemakore e20 vanhu veUchinā vakabudirira kugadzirisa matanho avo neTokyo kuedza kuvaka hwaro ipapo. Vakadzivirirwa, kwenguva pfupi vakamira, kana kuti vakadzikamisa pasi kakawanda. Asi musi we14th waDecember, mwedzi wakapera, Tokyo yakakwanisa kutanga kutanga kukuvadza koral muHenoko, paOura Bay. (Unogona kutarisa kuurayiwa kwekoral iwe pachako pawebsite ye "Mira neOkinawa": standwithokinawa.net/2018/12/14/dec14news/). Vakasvibisa tsvina uye vakapwanya dombo pamusoro payo. Nenzira yekuti munhu wose, anti-base activists havana kudzoka pasi. Nokuda kwekuti isu tinofanira kunge tichionga. Makorari achiri mupenyu. Sezvo musayendisiti wezvematongerwe enyika uye mutori wenhau C. Douglas Lummis akataura rimwe zuva, "Haisi Kupfuura" Kusvikira Kwapera. "(Nyaya yake ichangopfuura yakanyorwa, "Haisi Kupfuura" Kusvikira Kwapera: Kufungidzirwa kweOkinawan Anti-Base Resistance ", The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus, 1 January 2019). Anoziva vanhu veUchinā uye nhoroondo yavo yepashure yehondo hondo zvakanyanya semunhu, uye anoziva simba ravo.
Izhinji huzhinji hwevanhu veUchinā dzinopesana nekuvakwa kwenheyo yeHenoko; 55% yeJapan vanopikisa. Vakabatana neveUchinā vanhu vane zviuru zvevanhu-vanoziva, vanoshingaira vagari veJapan uye mazana evanhu vakanaka venyika vanobva kunze kweJapan. Iyi ndiyo chikamu chiduku chevanhu vanonzwisisa zviri kuitika. Hunhu ikozvino riri pakati pe "kuparara kwepasi rose," umo makorori mumakungwa pasi pose ari kuda kupera. Coral ndiwo rudzi rwemvura invertebrate. Mvura yezvisikwa zvipenyu ndiyo mhando yemhuka yekare pane zvepasi redu. Kuparara kwezvinhu zvose izvi zviri mumakadhi. Henoko anofanira kunge akachengetedzwa.
"Koral reefs," saka, ndiyo "miti inonaya yegungwa," asi Henoko coral reef ingave iri pamakumbo ayo ekupedzisira. Tinosarudza kana ichirarama kana kufa. Kupona kwe dugong (rudzi rwe "gungwa gungwa") uye zvimwe zvisikwa zve 200 zvinogona kutarisana nekupona kwemakorari emakungwa muHenoko. Asi hutungamiri hweHurezidhendi Shinzo Abe iye zvino, chaizvoizvo, achiraira vanhu kuti vauraye-iyo koral inokosha ine hutano iyo inotanga kutambura kubva ku-bleal bleaching inotambudza koral mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika. Vatungamiri vanonyanya kuisa chimiro chavo-muurayi chikafu ndokutanga basa rekugadziriswa kwemvura pamusi we 14th waDecember-zvichida chiito chinoputsa mutemo wechiJapan-vachitarisira kuputsa kuda kwekudzivisa. Vari kuedza kuvaka pamusoro pegungwa izvo zvine "kusimba kwe mayonnaise," naizvozvo basa iri richakwanisa kudhura zvakanyanya kudarika pakutanga if iyo injini inogona chaizvo kuivaka uye if zvipingamupinyi zvepamutemo zvinogona kukundwa. Sezvo Gavan McCormack naSatoko Norimatsu vakanyora mubhuku ravo Resistant Islands (2012), kuvaka chikwata chemauto muHenoko chiri kufanana nekuvaka imwe muGree Canyon. Sei uchivaka imwe ipapo ipapo?
Imba yekare yemazuva ano, mune rimwe shoko. Sezvo Japan rakabuda kunze kwemazana emakore akavharidzirwa uye imbwa-kudya-imbwa yenyika yeWestern colonialism munguva yekupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, hurumende yeJapane, zvakare, yakabatanidzwa mune zvekuMadokero-kupesana nevanhu veUchinā kumaodzanyemba , the Ainu nechokumusoro, uye vamwe vavakidzani, vakaita sevanhu veKorea neChina. Kurwisana nekoloni neWestern uye kuva umambo hwekuMadokero pachako (kupedzisa rimwe remabasa einoti "nguva yemazuva ano") zvaireva kuti raifanira kuva gehena-rakanamatira pakuwedzera kwemaindasitiri chero zvakakosha - kubva pakuberekwa kwayo kunotyisa mu1868 kusvikira kushungurudzika kwaro kunopisa mu 1945.
Mumazuva emashure mehondo, Japan yakashandurwa ku "Japan Inc." Iyi mutsva yemagetsi inomiririra hurumende yehurumende yenyika muTokyo kune rumwe rutivi uye bhizinesi guru reJapan kune rimwe. Izvo zviviri zvakabatanidzwa pamwechete kuti dzigadzire muviri umwe unogadzirisa maitiro uyo wakaenderera mberi iwoyo mahombekombe ekugadzirwa kwehero eJapan ainge atanga nechekupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, kunze kwechikwata chikuru chemauto. Kunyangwe muUnited States, zvichida kunyange zvakanyanya kudaro, purogiramu inouya pamberi pevanhu muJapan, Inc. Uye imwe yezvinyorwa zvitsva zvekubatsira kwave iri Dhipatimendi reKilling, Pentagon. Imwe nzira inoparadza yatinoona kuHenoko nhasi inorwara kubva pakuona kwehupenyu hwevanhu asi zvakakwana maererano neTokyo neWashington zvakakosha zvekushanda uye zvematongerwo enyika.
mhedziso
Kuparadzwa kuri kuitwa pasi redu nemichina yehondo yeU.S., Japan, nedzimwe nyika iri kukurudzira mukana wekupona kwevanhu kupfuura nguva yekusadzoka, sekufanana nekupisa kwemafuta anoshandiswa naKlein. Henoko muenzaniso wekare weHondo Yedu inoshandura chimiro ichichengetedza kuva nzvimbo yezvibayiro. Izvi zvinonyanya kutaurwa kuparwa kwekuuraya imwe yekupedzisira yemafuta emakorari ane hutano angakonzera kushamiswa kwezvisikwa zvenyika. Vanhu veUchinā neavo vanomira navo vari kupa isu tariro, kunyange, kuburikidza nevanotaura mavo asi mashoma ari kudanidzira kunyika, "Rega kuvaka kwechitsva chitsva muHenoko!"
Klein akati, "Ndinokakavadzana, kunyange zvisingatauri, kuti vanhu vanodzvara" pavanopinda munzira yemari munharaunda idzodzo. "(" Overburden "ndiyo inenge iri pamusoro penzvimbo inotarisirwa kushandiswa, yakadaro sematombo, ivhu, uye zvisikwa zvinowanikwa munzira yekuchera migodhi-imwe yerudzi rwekushandisa michina). Klein anoenderera mberi achitaura kuti kana vanhu "vakaremerwa" nenzira iyi vane kodzero, izvo zvinorema zvakanyanya zvinowanzova dambudziko kune vanowedzera. Kufunga nezvemashoko aya pamusoro pehupenyu uye kurwisana kwekufa zviri kuitika iye zvino muHenoko, Okinawa, Japan, chimwe chekucherechedza kuti mune chinangwa chinangwa, hungu, Uchinā vanhu vanoita se "rudzi" uye vane kodzero sevamwe vagari vomuJapan ita, saka ivo vacharamba vachipinda munzira, nenzira yekufananidzira uye kunyange chaiyo, sezvavanoisa miviri yavo mumugwagwa ichivhara matori achiita basa rekugadzirisa nyika. Zvakadini isu tose tinosangana navo, nenzira yekufananidzira, zvinongoratidzwa, chaizvoizvo, mune chero nzira yatinokwanisa, isu pachedu uye remangwana renyika yedu? Ngatitorei mhirizhonga inodzivisa kuwedzera kwechikwata chehondo yeAmerica-Japan. Ngatitangei "hupenyu hunowanikwa nenzira yemari" iyo Klein akataura nezvayo, kutanga nokuderedza "kupararira kwezvibayiro nzvimbo" iyo "kuchenesa vanhu" uye "kutyisidzira zvirongwa zvehupenyu hwepasi pachako" kuti isu nenyika isu tirarame.
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Tinotenda zvikuru kuna Stephen Brivati nekuda kwemashoko, mazano, nekugadzirisa.
Joseph Essertier ndiye purofesa wehushamwari paNagoya Institute of Technology muJapan uye Muongorori weJapan a World BEYOND War.
