Gehena Vamwe Vanhu Vanofunga Nezvehondo

NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, March 30, 2023

Mupepeti wendege akatsanangura munyori seizvi: "Aimbova Marine Charles Douglas Lummis akanyora zvakanyanya pamusoro pehukama hwekunze hweUS, uye anoshora zvikuru mutemo weUS wekunze. Mabasa ake anosanganisira Radical Democracy, uye A New Look at the Chrysanthemum and the Sword. Susan Sontag akadana Lummis 'mumwe wevanonyanya kufunga, vanoremekedzwa, uye vakakodzera vakangwara vanonyora pamusoro pekuita kwedemokrasi chero kupi zvako munyika.' Karel van Wolferen akataura nezvake so‘mucherechedzi akatanhamara woukama hwevamiririri veAmerica neJapan.’” Zvinhu izvi ndaizviziva nezvake, asi ndakanga ndichiri kunetseka nokutora bhuku racho, uye kwete nemhaka yokuti rakanga riri muchimiro chemagetsi. .

Iri bhuku rinodaidzwa Hondo Igehena: Zvidzidzo muKurudyi Kwemhirizhonga Yepamutemo. Munyori akandivimbisa kuti haina kuita nharo maererano nemhirizhonga. Aitaura chokwadi. Ndakaiwedzera kune yangu runyorwa rwemabhuku makuru ekubvisa hondo (ona pazasi) uye funga iro bhuku rakanakisa randaverenga nguva pfupi yadarika. Asi inouya pamhedziso yayo zvishoma nezvishoma uye nenzira. Harisi bhuku rinononoka. Unogona kuiverenga kamwe chete. Asi zvinotanga nenzira dzechivanhu dzechiuto dzekufunga uye zvinofamba nhanho-ne-nhanho kune chimwe chinhu chakachenjera. Pakutanga, kubata nepfungwa ye "mhirizhonga iri pamutemo," Lummis anonyora:

“Isu tinoziva zvinhu izvi, asi kuziva uku kunorevei? Kana kuziva chiri chiito chepfungwa, ndechipi chiito chekuita 'kuziva' kuti kubhomba kwemauto hakusi kuuraya? Chii chatiri kuitei (uye tichizviitira isu pachedu) kana tichi‘ziva’ zvinhu izvi? Uku 'kuziva' uku hakusi 'kusaziva' here? Hakusi 'kuziva' kunoda kukanganwa here? ‘Kuziva’ kuti, panzvimbo pokutiita kuti tiwirirane nezviri kuitika munyika, kunoita kuti chikamu chechokwadi ichocho chisaoneka?”

Lummis inotungamira muverengi kusava nehanya nepfungwa yehondo zviri pamutemo, uye kunyangwe pfungwa yehurumende iri pamutemo sezvatinonzwisisa hurumende. Kana, sekupokana kunoita Lummis, hurumende dzinoruramiswa nekudzivirira mhirizhonga, asi mhondi dzepamusoro ihurumende - kwete muhondo dzekunze chete asi muhondo dzevagari vemo uye kudzvinyirirwa kwemhirizhonga - zvino chii chasara pakururamisa?

Lummis anotanga nekutaura kuti haanzwisise zvinobvumira vanhu kuona mhirizhonga sechinhu chakasiyana zvachose. Bva anoratidzira kupfurikidza nenhambo yebhuku racho kuti anorinzwisisa zvikuru uye ari kuedza kusunda vamwe kuita zvimwe chetezvo, kupfuurira kupfurikidza nemienzaniso yakawanda nenharo, kuchiguma nokunzwisisa kuti sei. Satyagraha kana chiito chisiri chechisimba chinoshandura kuuraya kudzoka kuita mhondi kuburikidza nekuramba kuita zvinoenderana nezvayo (pamwe nemaratidziro azvinoita kudiwa kwemubatanidzwa wemisha yakazvimirira).

Handifungi kuti kuona chimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvachose kubva kune zvingangoonekwawo nekuona chinhu chisingawanzoitiki.

Imwe firimu ikozvino muUS theatre yakadanwa Murume Ainzi Otto - uye bhuku rekutanga uye firimu Murume Akashevedzwa — [SPOILER ALERT] inotaura nyaya yemurume ane mudzimai waaida akafa. Anoramba achiedza kuzviuraya mune zvaanorondedzera senhamburiko yokukumbanira mudzimai wake. Kusuwa uye nhamo yetsanangudzo iyoyo inongowedzera kunetseka kwevamwe kudzivirira njodzi yeOtto/Ove kuzviuraya. Mune mamwe mazwi, vamwe kana vese vevatambi vari mufirimu, kusanganisira protagonist, vanonyatsoziva kuti rufu rufu (zvikasadaro vese vangave vachikurudzira nekupemberera kubatanidzwazve kunofadza kwevaviri vanofara munyika yemashiripiti). Asi anenge mumwe wavo anokwanisa “kutenda” kusvika pamwero wakati kuti rufu haruparadzi zvomenemene upenyu.

Kana tichishivirira, kana kutendera, kana kufara nekuuraya muhondo, kana nemapurisa, kana mumajeri, tinodarika kure nekure kwemudyi wenyama asingadi kuziva mazita ezvipfuyo zviri mundiro yake. Hondo haingonzwisiswi sehuipi hunosiririsa hunodiwa, kuti idziviswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, yakapera nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, asi zvakadaro inoitwa sevhisi nevaya vanoda uye vanogona kana zvichidikanwa. Asi, tinoziva, sekunyora kunoita Lummis, kuponda muhondo kuti kusave kuponda, kusave kunotyisa, kusave neropa, kusemesa, kusiririsa, kana kusiririsa. Tinofanira “kuziva” izvi kana kuti hatingagari takanyarara tichiita kuti zvirambe zvichiitwa mumazita edu.

Sezvatinotarisa vanhu veParis, France, vakavhara guta ravo pamusoro pezvichemo zvishoma kudarika izvo zveruzhinji rweUS kuhurumende yavo, zvinova pachena kuti hurukuro dzese dziri muUS denderedzwa pamusoro pehondo - hurukuro yekusarudza pakati. kurwa hondo uye kungorara kumashure uye kuzviisa pasi - kunobva kune zvitatu zvinyorwa: kusingaperi kwehondo propaganda, yakaoma kuramba chokwadi resimba rekuita zvisina mhirizhonga, uye tsika yakadzika midzi yekungonyepa nekuzviisa pasi. Tinoda kucherechedzwa kwechokwadi kwesimba rekuita zvisiri zvechisimba sechitsigiro chehondo uye kusava nehanya.

Kunyange ndine mapoinzi akawanda ane zvibodzwa mubhuku rino, zvakaoma kupokana nebhuku rinoita kunge rine chinangwa chekuti vanhu vazvifungire vega. Asi ndinoshuva kuti mabhuku mazhinji anotora pfungwa yehondo, iyi inosanganisirwa, itore pachezvayo. Pachave paine zviitiko apo kusaita mhirizhonga kunokundikana. Kuchava nezvakawanda uko chisimba chinokundikana. Pachave nezviitiko apo kusava nechisimba kunoshandiswa kune zvakaipa. Kuchava nezvakawanda uko chisimba chinoshandiswa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakaipa. Chokwadi ichi chaizopa vatsigiri vehondo vasina mhosva yekubvisa madhipatimendi ehurumende ekupikisa zvisina pfuti, kana zvinhu zvakadaro zviripo, uye zvinopa nharo shoma dzekubvisa mauto. Asi chirevo chinotevera chinoita:

Mauto anogadzira hondo, kutambisa zviwanikwa zvingadai zvakaponesa nekuvandudza hupenyu hwakawanda kupfuura hwakarasika muhondo, kugadzira njodzi yeapocalypse yenyukireya, muparadzi mukuru wePasi rose, anoparadzira ruvengo uye rusarura uye rusaruraganda uye kusateerera mutemo uye mhirizhonga diki. , uye inoumba chipingamupinyi chepamusoro chekushandira pamwe kwepasirese pamatambudziko asiri esarudzo.

Ini zvakare ndaneta nekuneta kwekutaura kwekare kuti Kellogg Briand Pact ndiye poster mwana wekutadza, uye kwete zvakanyanya nekuda kwaScott Shapiro naOona Hathaway's. pfungwa nezve mashandurirwo aakaita hukama hwenyika dzese, asi zvakanyanya nekuti nhanho imwe neimwe yekupedza hondo kusvika parizvino yakundikana, munenge mutemo wese wemabhuku unotyorwa kakawanda kuti Kellogg Briand Pact uye zvakadaro inofungidzirwa sekubudirira kukuru, uye ichipa mhosva. hondo haizoitike pasina kurwisana kukuru kusina mhirizhonga, hondo haizoperi isina kuirambidza zvakanaka.

CHINHU CHOKWADI CHINHU CHIKAMU CHIKAMU:

Hondo Igehena: Zvidzidzo muKurudyi Kwemhirizhonga Yepamutemo, naC. Douglas Lummis, 2023.
Huipi Hukuru Ihondo, naChris Hedges, 2022.
Kubvisa Mhirizhonga Yehurumende: Nyika Inopfuura Mabhomba, Miganhu, uye Cages naRay Acheson, 2022.
Kurwisa Hondo: Kuvaka Tsika Yerunyararo naPapa Francis, 2022.
Ethics, Chengetedzo, uye Iyo Hondo-Muchina: Iyo Yechokwadi Mutengo Wemauto naNed Dobos, 2020.
Kunzwisisa iyo Hondo indasitiri naChristian Sorensen, 2020.
Kwete Hondo naDan Kovalik, 2020.
Simba Nerunyararo: Kubvisa mauto Kwakaunza Runyararo uye Mufaro muCosta Rica, uye Zvinogona Kudzidzwa Nenyika Yose kubva kuNyika DzekuTropiki, naJudith Eve Lipton naDavid P. Barash, 2019.
Kudzivirirwa Kwemagariro naJørgen Johansen naBrian Martin, 2019.
Muurayi Akabatanidzwa: Bhuku Repiri: America's Favorite Pastime naMumia Abu Jamal naStefano Vittoria, 2018.
Vadzidzisi veKunyararo: Vakapukunyuka Hiroshima neNagasaki Vanotaura naMelinda Clarke, 2018.
Kudzivirira Hondo nekusimudzira Rugare: Mutungamiri weVashandi veUtano rakagadziridzwa naWilliam Wiist naShelley White, 2017.
Bhizinesi reBusiness For Peace: Kuvaka Nyika Isina Hondo neScilla Elworthy, 2017.
Hondo Haisati Yakwana naDavid Swanson, 2016.
A Global Security System: An Alternative to War by World Beyond War, 2015, 2016, 2017.
Imwe Nyaya Inopesana Nehondo: IAmerica Yakashaiwe muClass History yeAmerica uye Zvatiri (Zvose) Zvingaita Zvino naKathy Beckwith, 2015.
Hondo: Chimhosva Kuvanhu naRoberto Vivo, 2014.
Kereke yeKaturike uye Kubviswa kweHondo naDavid Carroll Cochran, 2014.
Hondo uye Kuparara: Kuongorora Kunokosha naLaurie Calhoun, 2013.
Shift: Kutanga Kwehondo, Kupera Kwehondo naJudith Hand, 2013.
Hondo Hakuchinazve: Nyaya Yokubvisa naDavid Swanson, 2013.
Kuguma kweHondo naJohn Horgan, 2012.
Kuchinja kune Rugare naRussell Faure-Brac, 2012.
Kubva pahondo kusvikira kune rugare: mutungamiri kusvika kumakore mazana mana apfuura neKent Shifferd, 2011.
Hondo Ndicho Nhema naDavid Swanson, 2010, 2016.
Kunze kweHondo: Munhu Anokwanisa Kuita Rugare naDouglas Fry, 2009.
Kurarama Kupfuura Hondo naWinslow Myers, 2009.
Yakakwana Ropa rakateurwa: Gadziriso zana Dzesimba, Kutyisidzira uye Hondo naMary-Wynne Ashford naGuy Dauncey, 2006.
Planet Pasi: Chidimbu Chapfuura Chehondo naRosalie Bertell, 2001.
Vakomana Vachave Vakomana: Kutyora Mubatanidzwa Pakati peMasculinity uye Mhirizhonga naMyriam Miedzian, 1991.