Mhoro kune AUMF

NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, June 17, 2021

Iine US House kuvhota uye iyo US Senate ichivimbisa kuvhota pakubvisa iyo AUMF (Mvumo yeKushandiswa kweMasoja Mauto) kubva muna 2002 (zvakanyanyisa rudzi rwekunyepedzera-mvumo yeMutungamiri George W. Bush kuti asarudze ega kana kurwisa uye nekuparadza Iraq tichityora UN Charter naKellogg-Briand Pact, pakati pemimwe mitemo), tinogona kupedzisira taonekana nemutemo unonyadzisa. Uye pasina chinotsiviwa AUMF ichiri panzvimbo yekutsigira hondo nyowani. Izvi zvese kune vakanaka, asi. . .

Iyi haisi Congress inotsigira masimba ayo. Iyi iCongress iri kuita nekuti purezidhendi wazvino akazviudza.

Iyi haisi iyo Congress irikubvisa 2001 AUMF iyo yakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushandisa kwayo sechikonzero chehondo dzinotyisa dzematsotsi kwemakore makumi maviri. Uyo ari kusiiwa pachena munzvimbo.

Iyi haisi iyo Congress inopedza hondo imwe chete, kunyangwe iyo hondo kuYemen iyo dzimba dzese dzakavhotera kupera kaviri pavanogona kuvimba neTrump veto, kwete hondo yeAfghanistan, kwete hondo yeSyria (kana, saMutungamiri Biden likes kuidaidza, "Libya"). Iyi haisi iyo Congress irikuramba futi kuwedzera kupenga mukuwedzera mukushandisa mari kwemauto. Uku hakusi kudzivirira kweakawanda sekuuraya imwechete yedrone. Muchokwadi, hapana AUMF, kunyangwe iyo 2001 AUMF, yanga iri pakati pezvakarambidzwa zvehondo dzazvino kwenguva yakati rebei. Trump haana kuvimba neAUMF uye naiye Biden haadaro.

Iyi "antiwar" chiito chakada kufanana nekutadza kugadzirisa mapurisa kana majeri kana mitero kana mari yekoreji kana zvikwereti zvevadzidzi kana mubairo mudiki, uyezve kuita rechigumi nemana zororo. Iko kupfeka mawindo. Asi inoratidzira imwe njodzi, kureva kuti Congress inoronga kuumba AUMF nyowani, pamwe panguva chaiyo yekutya nekuvhunduka, isati yabvisa iyo AUMF kubva muna 2001. Heano zvikonzero zvitanhatu iri zano rakaipa. Inzwa wakasununguka kuti uwane zvishanu zvezvikonzero izvi zvakapenga. Chero chipi zvacho chingave chakaringana chega.

1. Hondo haisi pamutemo. Nepo hondo dzese dzisiri pamutemo pasi peKellogg-Briand Pact, vanhu vazhinji vanofuratira icho chokwadi. Asi, vazhinji vashoma vanofuratira chokwadi chekuti dzinenge hondo dzese hadzisi pamutemo pasi peChibvumirano cheUN. Mutungamiri Biden akadzivirira zvombo zvake zveKurume kuSyria nekunyepedzera kwekuzvidzivirira, pachena nekuti kune yekuzvidzivirira nzira muUN Charter. IUS yakatsvaga mvumo yeUN yekurwiswa kweIraq muna 2003 (asi havana kuiwana) kwete sekuremekedza nyika dzinopihwa dzenyika, asi nekuti ndizvo zvinodiwa pamutemo, kunyangwe uchiramba kuvapo kweKellogg-Briand Pact ( KBP). Iko hakuna nzira yeCongress kusheedzera Mvumo yeKushandiswa kweMasoja Mauto (AUMF) kuti mhosva yehondo ive chinhu chepamutemo. Iko hakuna nzira yekuti Congress iripedze nekutaura kuti imwe nhanho yesimba haisi "hondo" chaiyo. UN Charter inorambidza kumanikidza uye kunyangwe kutyisidzira kwesimba, uye inoda kushandiswa kwenzira dzerunyararo chete - sezvinoita KBP. Kongiresi haina yakakosha nguva yekuita mhosva.
2. Kudzora nekuda kwekupokana kuti hondo zviri pamutemo, iyo AUMF inenge ichiri pamutemo. Bumbiro reUS rinopa Kongiresi simba rakazvimirira rekuzivisa hondo, uye hapana simba rekubvumidza mukuru kuzivisa hondo. Kujekesa nekuda kwekukakavadzana kwekuti Hondo Yemasimba Kugadziriswa iri Bumbiro, zvinodiwa kuti Congress ibvumidze chero hondo kana hutsinye haigone kuzadzikiswa nekuzivisa kuti mvumo yevakuru kutonga mvumo chero yehondo kana hutsinye hwavanoona zvakakodzera chete mvumo chaiyo. Hazvisi.
3. Iwe haugumise hondo nekutendera hondo kana nekupa mvumo kune mumwe munhu kuti abvumire hondo. The 2001 AUMF yakati: “Kuti Mutungamiriri abvumidzwe kushandisa simba rose rakakodzera uye rakakodzera kurwisa nyika, masangano, kana vanhu vaanofunga kuti akaronga, akapa mvumo, akazvipira, kana kubatsira kurwisa kwemagandanga kwakaitika musi waSeptember 11, 2001, kana kuchengeta masangano kana vanhu vakadaro. , kuitira kudzivirira chero zviitiko zvenguva yemberi zvehugandanga hwepasi rose mukurwisa United States nenyika dzakadai, masangano kana vanhu. ” Iyo 2002 AUMF akati: "Mutungamiriri anobvumidzwa kushandisa Mauto eUnited States sezvaanoona zvichidikanwa uye zvakakodzera kuitira - (1) kudzivirira kuchengetedzeka kwenyika yeUnited States pakuramba kuri kutyisidzirwa neIraq; uye (2) kumanikidza zvisarudzo zvese zvine chekuita neIraq Security Council maererano neIraq. ” Iyi mitemo haina maturo, kwete nekuda kwekuti haisi bumbiro (ona # 2 pamusoro) asiwo nekuti wechipiri haatendeke nepo zvikamu zvinobatanidza Iraq kusvika 9-11 zvinopa zvisingakoshi pasi pekutanga. Asi, yechipiri iyoyo yaidikanwa mune zvematongerwo enyika muUnited States. AUMF nyowani yaidikanwawo kuSyria 2013 neIran 2015, ndosaka hondo idzodzo dzisina kuitika pachiyero chakaita seIraq. Kuti kumwe kuzivisa kana AUMF kwaive kusiri kudikanwa kune dzimwe hondo dzakawanda, kusanganisira hondo yeLibya, kusanganisira iyo diki chikamu uye proxy hondo kuSyria, ichokwadi chezvematongerwo enyika chinopfuura chepamutemo. Isu tinokwanisa zvachose kuita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuti Biden awane chinyengeri-chirevo chehondo chehondo chero nyowani, uye yekuzviramba kwaari. Asi kumupa iye itsva AUMF izvozvi uye kutarisira kuti aise zvombo zvese nekuzvibata kunge munhu mukuru angave achisunga ruoko rumwe kumashure kwedu semumiriri werunyararo.
4. Kana Congress isingakwanise kumanikidzwa kubvisa maAUMF aripo pasina kugadzira imwe nyowani, isu zvirinani kuti tichengete zvekare. Vakwegura vakawedzera dura rezvemitemo kune dzakawanda zvehondo nemauto, asi zvisiri kunyatso kuvimbwa naBush kana Obama kana Trump, mumwe nemumwe wavo akapokana, zvisina musoro, kuti zviito zvake zvaive (a) mukuteerera UN Charter, (b) mukuteerera War Powers Resolution, uye (c) inobvumidzwa nemasimba ehondo yemutungamiri wenyika asipo anofungidzirwa mubumbiro reUS. Pane imwe nguva zvikonzero zveCongress zvekupfuudza bhudhi zvopera mukuseka. Kune mamwe mabhuku kubva muna 1957 mvumo yekurwisa chikomunizimu chepasi rose kuMiddle East, asi hapana anozvitaura. Ndingafarire kubvisa zvisaririra zvese izvi, uye nechinhu ichocho hafu Bumbiro, asi kana maGeneva Konferensi neKellogg-Briand Pact inogona kurangarirwa, saka izvi zvinogona kukanganisa Cheney-madonhwe. Kune rimwe divi, kana iwe ukagadzira imwe nyowani, inozoshandiswa, uye ichazoshungurudzwa kupfuura chero zvazvinoreva.
5. Chero ani zvake akaona kukuvara kwakaitwa nehondo dzichangoburwa aisazobvumidza chimwe chinhu chakavezwa. Kubva 2001, United States yakave yakarongeka kuparadza dunhu repasi rose, kubhomba Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Libya, Somalia, Yemen, neSyria, tisingatauri nezvePhilippines nedzimwe nyika dzakapararira pasi rese. United States ine "mauto akasarudzika" anoshanda munyika dzakawanda. Vanhu vakaurayiwa nepost-9-11 hondo dzinogona kunge dzakatenderedza mamiriyoni 6. Nguva zhinji dzakakuvadzwa, dzakawanda dzakauraya nekukuvara zvisina kunangana, nguva zhinji dzakaita kuti vashaye pekugara, uye kazhinji dzakatambudza. Chikamu chakakura chevakauraiwa vanga vari vana vadiki. Masangano emagandanga nematambudziko evapoteri akagadzirwa nenzira inoshamisa. Uku kufa nekuparadzwa idonhwe mubhaketi zvichienzaniswa nemikana yakarasika yekuponesa vanhu kubva panzara uye kurwara uye nenjodzi dzemamiriro ekunze. Mari yezvemari inodarika $ 1 tiririyoni gore rega rega uye gore rega rega kuhondo yeUS kwave kuri uye kuri kutengeserana. Izvo zvaigona kunge zvakagadzira uye zvaigona kuita nyika yezvakanaka.
6. Izvo zvinodiwa ndechimwe chinhu zvachose. Izvo zvinonyanya kudikanwa kumanikidza kupera kwehondo yega yega, uye kutengesa zvombo, uye kumagadziko. Iyo US Congress yakanyatso ita (zvisirizvo asi sezviri pachena hazvo) kurambidza hondo kuYemen uye neIran apo VaTrump vaive muWhite House. Zviito zvese izvi zvakavhoterwa. Vaviri vetoes havana kunyorwa. Iye zvino Biden akazvipira kurudzi rwekupedza chikamu kutora chikamu kweUS (kunze kwenzira dzakati) muhondo yeYemen, uye Congress yapera mbeveve. Izvo zvinonyanya kudikanwa ndezvekuti Congress irambidze chero kutora chikamu muhondo yeYemen uye kuita Biden kusaina, uyezve zvakafanana kuAfghanistan, uyezve zvakafanana kuSomalia, nezvimwewo, kana kuita akati wandei kamwe chete, asi zviite, ugadzire Biden chiratidzo kana kuvhota. Izvo zvinodiwa ndezvekuti Congress irambidze kuuraya vanhu kutenderera pasirese nezvombo zvinokandwa, kungave kana kwete kubva kumadroni. Izvo zvinodikanwa ndezvekuti Congress ifambise mari kubva mukushandisa kwemauto kuenda kumatambudziko evanhu uye ezvakatipoteredza. Izvo zvinodiwa ndezvekuti Congress ipedze US zvombo zvekutengesa parizvino zviri kuenda 48 ye50 XNUMX hurumende zhinji dzinodzvinyirira pasi pano. Izvo zvinodiwa ndezvekuti Congress iite pedyo zvigadziko zvekune dzimwe nyika. Izvo zvinodiwa ndezvekuti Congress ipedze zvinouraya uye zvisiri pamutemo masanction kune vanhu vakatenderera pasirese.

Isu tangoona musangano weMutungamiri Biden uye Mutungamiri weRussia Vladimir Putin, panguva iyo vatsigiri vakuru vehutsinye nehondo vaive vese midhiya eUS. Tinogona kutarisira kuti vezvenhau vekuUS vanochemera AUMF nyowani chaizvo nekuda kwekuvengana kunogadzirwa nevezvenhau veUS kuRussia, China, Iran, North Korea, Venezuela, uye - kuti tirege kukanganwa! - UFOs. Asi iyi inguva ine njodzi zvakanyanya, kwete zvirinani, yekugadzira gwaro rinotyisa kupfuura ra2001.