Kubva kuMosul kuenda kuRaqqa kuenda kuMariupol, Kuuraya Vagari Imhosva

NaMedea Benjamin naNicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, April 12, 2022

Vanhu vekuAmerica vakashamiswa nekufa uye kuparadzwa kwekupinda kweRussia kuUkraine, vachizadza zvidzitiro zvedu nezvivakwa zvakabhombwa uye zvitunha zvakarara mumugwagwa. Asi United States nevadyidzani vayo vakarwa hondo munyika nenyika kwemakumi emakore, vachiveza kuparadza kwemaguta, mataundi nemisha pamwero mukuru kwazvo kupfuura zvawakanganisa Ukraine. 

Sezvo isu munguva pfupi yapfuura Zvinonzi, US nevabatsiri vayo vakadonhedza pamusoro pe337,000 mabhomba uye zvombo zvinokandwa, kana 46 pazuva, panyika pfumbamwe kubva 2001 chete. Vakuru veUS Defence Intelligence Agency vakaudzwa Newsweek kuti kutanga 24 mazuva yekubhomba kweRussia kuUkraine kwaisanyanya kuparadza kupfuura zuva rekutanga rekubhomba kweUS muIraq muna 2003.

Mushandirapamwe unotungamirwa neUS uchipokana neISIS muIraq neSyria wakabhomba nyika idzodzo nemabhomba anopfuura 120,000 uye makombora, kubhomba kwakanyanya kwemakumi emakore. Vakuru vemauto eUS akaudza Amnesty International kuti kurwiswa kweUS paRaqqa muSyria kwainyanya kubhomba kubva paHondo yeVietnam. 

Mosul muIraq raive guta hombe iro United States nevabatsiri vayo zvaita marara mumushandirapamwe iwoyo, nehuwandu hwevanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 1.5 vasati varohwa. About 138,000 dzimba dzakakuvadzwa kana kuparadzwa nebhomba uye artillery, uye Chirevo chehungwaru chekuIraqi Kurdish chakaverengerwa zvishoma 40,000 civilians akaurayiwa.

Raqqa, yaive nehuwandu hwevanhu mazana matatu ezviuru, yaive zvakatowedzera. A UN assessment basa yakashuma kuti 70-80% yezvivakwa zvakaparadzwa kana kukuvadzwa. Mauto eSyria neKurdish muRaqqa Zvinonzi kuverenga 4,118 mitumbi yevanhuwo zvavo. Kufa kwakawanda kunoramba kusingaverengeki mumarara eMosul neRaqqa. Pasina ongororo yakazara yekufa kwevanhu, tingasaziva kuti ndechipi chikamu chehuwandu hwevakafa nhamba idzi dzinomiririra.

Pentagon yakavimbisa kuti ichaongorora marongero ayo pamusoro pekuurayiwa kwevanhu mushure mekuuraya uku, uye yakaraira Rand Corporation kuti iite. chidzidzo yakanzi, "Kunzwisisa Kukuvadza Kwevanhu muRaqqa uye Zvazvinokonzeresa Kusawirirana Kwemangwana," izvo zvave kuziviswa pachena. 

Kunyangwe nyika ichidzokera kubva mumhirizhonga inotyisa muUkraine, chimiro cheRand Corp chidzidzo ndechekuti mauto eUS acharamba achirwa hondo dzinosanganisira mabhomba anoparadza emaguta nenzvimbo dzine vanhu, uye kuti saka vanofanirwa kuedza kunzwisisa kuti vangaite sei. saka pasina kuuraya vanhuwo zvavo vakawanda.

Chidzidzo ichi chinomhanya pamusoro pemapeji e100, asi hachina kumbosvika pakubata nedambudziko guru, iro rinoparadza risingadzivisiki uye rinouraya kukanganisa kwekupfura zvombo zvinoputika munzvimbo dzinogara vanhu seMosul muIraq, Raqqa muSyria, Mariupol muUkraine, Sanaa muYemen. kana kuti Gaza muPalestine.  

Kugadzirwa kwe“zvombo zvakarurama” kwakundikana nenzira inoratidzirwa kudzivirira kuponda uku. United States yakafumura "mabhomba akangwara" matsva panguva yeHondo yekutanga yeGulf muna 1990-1991. Asi ivo chaizvoizvo vakabatanidza 7% chete ye88,000 matani emabhomba ayo akadonhedza muIraq, ichideredza "nzanga ine maguta uye ine michina" kuita "nyika isati yatanga maindasitiri" maererano ne Ongororo yeUN. 

Panzvimbo pekushambadza data chairo pamusoro pehuchokwadi hwezvombo izvi, Pentagon yakachengetedza dhizaini yekuparadzira fungidziro yekuburitsa pfungwa yekuti ivo vane 100% chokwadi uye vanogona kurova chinangwa senge imba kana furati chivakwa pasina kukuvadza vagari munharaunda yakatenderedza. 

Zvakadaro, panguva yekurwisa kweUS muIraq muna 2003, Rob Hewson, mupepeti wepepanhau rekutengesa zvombo anoongorora mashandiro ezvombo zvakaburitswa nemhepo, akafungidzira kuti 20 ku25% yezvombo zve "chaizvo" zveUS zvakapotsa vavariro yavo. 

Kunyangwe pazvinenge zvarova chinangwa chazvo, zvombo izvi hazviite sezvombo zvemuchadenga mumutambo wevhidhiyo. Mabhomba anonyanya kushandiswa muUS arsenal ndeaya 500 lb mabhomba, ine kuputika kwe89 kilos yeTritonal. Maererano ne UN kuchengetedza data, kuputika kwega kubva kune iyo inoputika inouraya 100% inouraya kusvika ku radius yemamita gumi, uye ichapwanya hwindo rega rega mukati me10 metres. 

Ndiko kungoita kuputika. Rufu uye kukuvara kunotyisa kunokonzerwawo nekuputsika kwezvivakwa uye shrapnel inobhururuka uye marara - kongiri, simbi, girazi, huni nezvimwe. 

Kurova kunoonekwa sekwakarurama kana kukagara mukati me "denderedzwa kukanganisa kunobvira," kazhinji mamita gumi kutenderedza chinhu chiri kunangwa. Saka munzvimbo yemudhorobha, kana ukafunga nezve "chikanganiso chedenderedzwa chinogona kuitika," nzvimbo inoputika, marara anobhururuka uye zvivakwa zvinodonha, kunyangwe kuramwa kwakaongororwa se "chaizvo" kunogona kuuraya nekukuvadza vanhuwo zvavo. 

Vakuru veUS vanosiyanisa tsika pakati pekuuraya uku "nekuda" uye "maune" kuuraya vanhuwo zvavo nemagandanga. Asi munyori wenhoroondo wekupedzisira Howard Zinn akapikisa musiyano uyu mukati tsamba ku New York Times muna 2007. Akanyora kuti,

“Mashoko aya anotsausa nokuti vanofunga kuti chimwe chinhu ‘chakaitwa nemaune’ kana kuti ‘nekusazvironga.’ Pane chimwe chinhu chiri pakati, icho shoko racho 'risingadzivisiki.' Kana iwe ukapinda mune chimwe chiito, sekuputika kwebhomba, umo iwe usingakwanisi kusiyanisa pakati pevarwi nevagari vemo (seyaimbova Air Force bombardier, ndichapupurira izvozvo), kufa kwevanhu havadzivisiki, kunyange kana kwete 'maune.' 

Musiyano iwoyo unokusunungura patsika here? Hugandanga hwemunhu akazviuraya uye hugandanga hwekubhomba kwemuchadenga zvakaenzana. Kutaura zvakasiyana (sezvingaitwa nerimwe divi) kupa mumwe hukuru hwetsika pane rimwe, uye nokudaro kubatira kupfuuridzira zvinotyisa zvenguva yedu.”

Vanhu vekuAmerica vanotyiswa chaizvo pavanoona vanhuwo zvavo vachiurayiwa nebhomba reRussia muUkraine, asi kazhinji havanyanyi kuvhunduka, uye vangangobvuma zvikonzero zvepamutemo, pavanonzwa kuti vanhuwo zvavo vanourayiwa nemauto eUS kana zvombo zveAmerica muIraq, Syria. Yemen kana Gaza. Vezvenhau vekuMadokero vemakambani vanoita basa rakakosha mune izvi, nekutiratidza zvitunha muUkraine uye kuchema kwevadikani vavo, asi kutidzivirira kubva pamifananidzo inovhiringidza zvakaenzana yevanhu vakaurayiwa neUS kana mauto emubatanidzwa.

Kunyange vatungamiriri vekuMadokero vari kuda kuti Russia izvidavirire pamhosva dzehondo, havana kukwidza mhere mhere yekupomera vakuru veUS. Zvakadaro panguva yekutora kwemauto eUS muIraq, ese ari maviri International Committee yeRed Cross (ICRC) uye UN Assistance Mission kuIraq (UNAMI) yakanyorwa nekutyorwa kuri kuramba kuripo uye kwakarongeka kweGeneva Kokorodzano nemauto eUS, kusanganisira ye1949 Fourth Geneva Convention inodzivirira vagari kubva mukukanganisa kwehondo nekutorwa kwemauto.

Dare repasi rose reRed Cross (ICRC) uye mapoka ekodzero dzevanhu zvakanyorwa kushungurudzwa kwakarongeka uye kushungurudzwa kwevasungwa muIraq neAfghanistan, kusanganisira nyaya dzekurwadzisa vasungwa kusvika vafa nemauto eUS. 

Kunyangwe kutambudzwa kwakabvumidzwa nevakuru veUS nzira yese kusvika ku White House, hapana mukuru mukuru wepamusoro akambonzi ane mhosva yerufu rwekutambudzwa muAfghanistan kana Iraq. Chirango chakaomarara chakapihwa mukurwadzisa musungwa kusvika afa yaive mwedzi mishanu mutirongo, kunyangwe iri mhosva yerufu pasi peUS. War Crimes Act.  

Mune 2007 mushumo wekodzero dzevanhu UNAMI yakanyora kuti, “Mutemo wepasi rose wezvekubatsira vanhu unoda kuti, nepazvinogona napo, zvinangwa zvechiuto hazvifanirwe kuiswa munzvimbo dzinogara vanhu vakawanda. Kuvapo kwevarwi vehondo pakati penhamba huru yevanhuwo zvavo hakuchinji hunhu hwenzvimbo. " 

Mushumo wacho waida kuti “pomero dzose dzinovimbika dzokuponda kusiri pamutemo dziongororwe zvakakwana, nokukurumidza uye pasina rusaruro, uye matanho akakodzera atorwe kuvarwi vanowanwa kuti vakashandisa simba rakanyanyisa kana kuti rokusasarura.”

Panzvimbo pekuferefeta, US yakavharidzira mhosva dzayo dzehondo. A ngwavaira muenzaniso Kupondwa kwevanhu muna 2019 muguta reSyria reBaghuz, uko rimwe boka remauto eUS rakadonhedza mabhomba makuru paboka revakadzi nevana, vakauraya vangangosvika makumi manomwe. kuzvivhara. Mushure me a New York Times kuratidziraé kwapera makore mauto akatobvuma kuti kuramwa mabasa kwakaitika.  

Saka zvinoshamisa kunzwa Mutungamiri Biden vachidana kuti Mutungamiri Putin vatarisana nemhosva dzehondo, kana United States ikavhara mhosva dzayo, yotadza kuita kuti vakuru vayo vazvidavirire pamhosva dzehondo uye vachiri kuramba hutongi hweInternational Criminal Court. (ICC). Muna 2020, VaDonald Trump vakatosvika pakutemera zvirango zveUS kune vachuchisi veICC vakanyanya kuferefeta mhosva dzehondo dzeUS muAfghanistan.

Chidzidzo cheRand chinoramba chichiti mauto eUS ane "kuzvipira kwakadzika midzi kumutemo wehondo." Asi kuparadzwa kweMosul, Raqqa nemamwe maguta uye nhoroondo yekuzvidza US kuUN Charter, Geneva Kokorodzano nematare epasi rose anotaura nyaya yakasiyana.

Isu tinobvumirana nemhedziso yemushumo weRand yekuti, "Dzidzo isina kusimba yeDoD yezvekukuvadzwa kwevanhu yaireva kuti zvidzidzo zvekare hazvina kuteererwa, zvichiwedzera njodzi kuvagari vemuRaqqa." Zvakadaro, tinonetsana nekutadza kwechidzidzo ichi kuziva kuti kupikisa kwakawanda kwarinoburitsa mhedzisiro yehutsotsi hwekuita uku kwese, pasi peFourth Geneva Convention uye mitemo iripo yehondo. 

Isu tinoramba chimiro chese chekudzidza uku, kuti mauto eUS anofanirwa kuramba achiita mabhomba emumaguta anouraya zviuru zvevanhu, uye saka anofanira kudzidza kubva pane chiitiko ichi kuitira kuti vauraye nekukuvadza vanhu vashoma panguva inotevera pavanoparadza guta rakaita seRaqqa. kana Mosul.

Chokwadi chakashata chiri shure kwekuuraya uku kweUS ndechekuti kusarangwa kwevakuru vemauto eUS nevakuru vehurumende vakafarira mhosva dzehondo dzakapfuura vakavakurudzira kuti vatende kuti vanogona kubva mumaguta ekubhomba muIraq neSyria kuti vaparadze, vachiuraya makumi ezviuru zvevanhu. 

Kusvika pari zvino varatidzwa chokwadi, asi kushora kweUS mutemo wepasirese uye kutadza kwenharaunda yepasi rose kubata United States kuti izvidavirire kuri kuparadza iwo chaiwo "mitemo yakavakirwa" yemutemo wepasi rose unonzi vatungamiriri veUS neveWestern vanoti vanokoshesa. 

Sezvo isu tichishevedzera nekuchimbidza kumisa kurwa, kwerunyararo uye kuzvidavirira kune mhosva dzehondo muUkraine, isu tinofanira kuti "Hazvisadaro zvakare!" kubhomba kwemaguta nenzvimbo dzevanhu, vangave vari muSyria, Ukraine, Yemen, Iran kana kupi zvako, uye kuti anorova ari Russia, United States, Israel kana Saudi Arabia.

Uye hatimbofa takakanganwa kuti mhosva huru yehondo ihondo pachayo, mhosva yechisimba, nekuti, sezvakataurwa nevatongi paNuremberg, "ine mukati mayo pachayo uipi hwakaunganidzwa hwese." Zviri nyore kunongedzera vamwe zvigunwe, asi hatisi kuzomisa hondo kudzamara tamanikidza vatungamiri vedu kuti vararame zvinoenderana nemusimboti. zvakanyorwa neDare Repamusorosoro Mutongi uye muchuchisi weNuremberg Robert Jackson:

"Kana zvimwe zviito zvekutyora zvibvumirano zviri mhosva, imhosva kunyangwe United States inozviita kana kuti Germany inozviita, uye isu hatina kugadzirira kuisa mutemo wekupara mhosva kune vamwe watisingade kukumbira. pamusoro pedu.”

Medhiya Bhenjamini ndiye anodzidzisa CODEPINK Rugare, uye munyori wemabhuku akati wandei, kusanganisira Mukati Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 

Nicolas JS Davies mutori wenhau akazvimirira, muongorori neCODEPINK uye munyori we Ropa pamaoko edu: IAmerican Invasion uye Kuparadza kweIraq.