Finland's NATO Move Inosiya Vamwe Kuti Vatakure Pa "Helsinki Spirit"

Mutungamiri weFinland anogamuchira Nobel Peace Prize muna 2008. Mufananidzo Credit: Nobel Prize

NaMedea Benjamin naNicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, April 11, 2023

Musi waApril 4, 2023, Finland yakava nhengo ye31st yemubatanidzwa wemauto weNATO. Muganho we830-mamaira pakati peFinland neRussia watova muganho wakareba kwazvo pakati penyika ipi neipi yeNATO neRussia, iyo neimwe nzira. miganhu chete Norway, Latvia, Estonia, uye mapfupi emiganhu yePoland neLithuanian kwavanotenderedza Kaliningrad.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu ehondo isiri-inotonhora pakati peUnited States, NATO neRussia, chero yemiganhu iyi inzvimbo ine njodzi inogona kukonzeresa dambudziko idzva, kana kunyange hondo yenyika. Asi mutsauko wakakosha nemuganhu weFinnish ndewekuti unouya mukati memakiromita zana kubva kuSeveromorsk, uko kuRussia. Northern Fleet uye gumi nematatu e13 dzayo dzepasi pemvura dzine zvombo zvenyukireya dzakavakwa. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri apo Hondo Yenyika III ichatanga, kana isati yatanga muUkraine.

MuEurope nhasi, Switzerland, Austria, Ireland chete nedzimwe nyika diki dzinosara dziri kunze kweNATO. Kwemakore 75, Finland yakanga iri muenzaniso wekubudirira kwekusava nekwavakarerekera, asi iri kure nekubviswa kwemauto. Kufanana neSwitzerland, ine hombe uto, uye vechidiki vekuFinns vanofanirwa kuita ingangoita mwedzi mitanhatu yekudzidziswa zvechiuto mushure mekunge vasvitsa makore 18. Mauto ayo anoshanda uye akachengetwa anoumba vanopfuura 4% yevagari - zvichienzaniswa ne0.6% chete muUS - uye 83% yeFinns inoti. vaizotora rutivi mukudzivisa nezvombo kana Finland ikavhozhokera.

Chete makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu muzana evaFinns vakatsigira nhoroondo kujoinha NATO, nepo ruzhinji rwakagara uye nekuzvikudza kutsigira mutemo wayo wekusarerekera. Mukupera kwa20, muFinnish poll poll akayera rutsigiro rwakakurumbira rwenhengo dzeNATO pa26%. Asi mushure mekupinda kweRussia kuUkraine muna Kukadzi 2022, izvo jumped kusvika 60% mukati memavhiki uye, munaNovember 2022, 78% yeFinns vakati ivo akatsigira kubatana neNATO.

SekuUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzeNATO, vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika veFinland vanga vari pro-NATO kupfuura veruzhinji. Pasinei nerutsigiro rweveruzhinji rwekusarerekera, Finland yakabatana neNATO Partnership for Peace chirongwa muna 1997. Hurumende yaro yakatumira mauto mazana maviri kuAfghanistan sechikamu cheUN-mvumo yeInternational Security Assistance Force mushure mekurwisa kweUS muna 200, uye vakaramba varipo mushure mekunge NATO yatora mutungamiriri weuto iri muna 2001. Mauto eFinland haana kubva muAfghanistan kusvika kumadokero ese. mauto akabuda muna 2003, mushure mekunge mauto eFinnish zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu nevakuru vemauto zana nemakumi mana vaendeswa ikoko, uye vaviri vekuFinnish vakanga vaiswa. akaurayiwa.

A December 2022 ongorora nezvebasa reFinland muAfghanistan neFinnish Institute of International Affairs vakawana kuti mauto eFinland "akaramba achirwa muhondo sechikamu chemauto aitungamirirwa neNATO uye akange ave bato muhondo," uye kuti chinangwa cheFinland chakaziviswa, iyo yaive "kudzikamisa nekutsigira Afghanistan kuti iwedzere runyararo nechengeteko yepasirese" yakakurirwa ne "chido chayo chekuchengetedza nekusimbisa hukama hwayo hwekunze nekuchengetedza hukama neUS nevamwe vanodyidzana nedzimwe nyika, pamwe nekuedza kwayo kudzamisa kubatana kwayo neNATO. .”

Mune mamwe mazwi, sedzimwe nyika diki dzakabatana neNATO, Finland haina kukwanisa, mukati mehondo yairamba ichikura, kusimudzira zvayaikoshesa uye hunhu hwayo, uye panzvimbo pacho yakabvumira chishuwo chayo "kudzamisa kubatana kwayo" neUnited States neNATO. tora pamberi pechinangwa chayo chekuyedza kubatsira vanhu veAfghanistan kuti vadzore runyararo nekugadzikana. Nekuda kwezvinhu izvi zvakavhiringika uye zvinopokana, mauto eFinnish akakweverwa muchimiro chekuwedzera kwekutarisa uye kushandiswa kwesimba rinoparadza rinotyisa iro rakaratidzira mauto eUS muhondo dzayo dzese dzazvino.

Senhengo diki yeNATO, Finland ichave isina simba sezvayakanga iri muAfghanistan kukanganisa kukurumidza kweuto reNATO rinokwira neRussia. Finland ichaona kuti sarudzo yayo inosuruvarisa yekusiya mutemo wekusarerekera wakauyisa makore makumi manomwe neshanu erunyararo uye kutarisa kuNATO kuti adzivirirwe achaisiya, seUkraine, ichifumurwa zvine njodzi pamberi pehondo inotungamirwa kubva kuMoscow, Washington neBrussels iyo. haigoni kukunda, kana kugadzirisa yakazvimirira, kana kudzivirira kubva mukukwira muHondo Yenyika III.

Kubudirira kweFinland senyika isina kwayakarerekera uye ine rusununguko rwegutsaruzhinji panguva uye kubvira Hondo Yemashoko yakagadzira tsika yakakurumbira umo veruzhinji vanovimba nevatungamiriri vavo nevamiriri kupfuura vanhu vari munyika zhinji dzekuMadokero, uye kashoma kubvunza huchenjeri hwesarudzo dzavo. Saka hukama hwepedyo hweboka rezvematongerwo enyika kuti vabatane neNATO mushure mekurwiswa kweRussia neUkraine kwakatarisana kushongana neruzhinji. Muna Chivabvu 2022, paramende yeFinland akabvumidzwa kujoinha NATO nemavhoti akawandisa e188 kusvika masere.

Asi nei vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika veFinland vakada kwazvo "kusimbisa hukama hwayo hwekunze nekuchengetedza hukama neUS nevamwe vanodyidzana nedzimwe nyika," sezvakataurwa neFinland muAfghanistan? Senyika yakazvimiririra, isina kwayakarerekera, asi ine pfuti yakasimba, Finland yatosangana nechinangwa cheNATO chekushandisa 2% yeGDP yayo muchiuto. Iyo ine zvakare yakakura indasitiri yezvombo, inovaka yayo yemazuva ano ngarava dzehondo, artillery, pfuti dzekurova uye zvimwe zvombo.

Nhengo yeNATO ichabatanidza indasitiri yezvombo yeFinland mumusika weNATO une mari yakawanda, ichiwedzera kutengesa kwezvombo zveFinnish, ichipawo mamiriro ekutenga zvimwe zveazvino US uye zvombo zvakabatana zvehondo yayo uye kushandirapamwe muzvirongwa zvezvombo zvakabatana nemafemu muNATO yakakura. nyika. Nemabhajeti emauto eNATO ari kuwedzera, uye achiramba achiwedzera, hurumende yeFinland inotarisana zvakajeka nedzvinyiriro kubva kuindasitiri yezvombo nezvimwe zvinofarirwa. Muchokwadi, yayo diki yemauto-industrial complex haidi kusiiwa.

Kubva payakatanga kupinda muNATO, Finland yatovepo akazvipira $10 bhiriyoni kutenga varwi vekuAmerica F-35 kutsiva zvikwata zvayo zvitatu zveF-18s. Yanga ichitorawo mabhii ehurongwa hutsva hwekudzivirira zvombo, uye inonzi iri kuedza kusarudza pakati peIndia-Israeli Barak 8 surface-to-air missile system uye US-Israel David's Sling system, yakavakwa naIsrael Raphael uye Raytheon wekuUS.

Mutemo weFinland unorambidza nyika kuva nezvombo zvenyukireya kana kuzvibvumira munyika, kusiyana nenyika shanu dzeNATO dzinochengeta. matura zvombo zvenyukireya zveUS pavhu ravo - Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland neTurkey. Asi Finland yakaendesa magwaro ayo ekupinda muNATO pasina kunze kwekuti Denmark neNorway dzakasimbirira kuvabvumidza kurambidza zvombo zvenyukireya. Izvi zvinosiya chimiro chenyukireya cheFinland chakasiyana zvakawanda, pasinei neMutungamiri Sauli Niinistö vimbiso kuti "Finland haina chinangwa chekuunza zvombo zvenyukireya muvhu redu."

Kushaikwa kwenhaurirano pamusoro pezvinorehwa neFinland kujoinha mubatanidzwa wemauto enyukireya kuri kunetsa, uye zvave zvinoratidzwa kune imwe nzira yekukurumidza kupinda mukati mehondo muUkraine, pamwe chete netsika yeFinland yekusabvunza kusava nechokwadi kuvimba kwakakurumbira muhurumende yenyika.

Zvichida chinonyanya kusuwa ndechekuti kuve nhengo yeFinland muNATO kunoratidza kupera kwetsika inoyemurika yenyika semugadziri werunyararo. Aimbova Mutungamiriri weFinland Urho Kekkonen, an architect yemutemo wekubatana neSoviet Union yakavakidzana uye mutsigiri werunyararo rwepasi rose, akabatsira kugadzira Helsinki Accords, chibvumirano chenhoroondo chakasainwa muna 1975 neUnited States, Soviet Union, Canada nenyika dzese dzeEurope (kunze kweAlbania) kuvandudza detente. pakati peSoviet Union neWest.

Mutungamiri weFinland Martti Ahtisaari akaenderera mberi netsika yerunyararo uye aive paakavapa Nobel Peace Prize muna 2008 nekuda kwekuedza kwake kwakasimba kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwenyika dzakawanda kubva kuNamibia kusvika kuAceh kuIndonesia kusvika kuKosovo (iyo yakabhombwa neNATO).

Vachitaura kuUN munaGunyana 2021, Mutungamiriri weFinnish Sauli Niinistö vakaita sevane shungu yekutevera nhaka iyi. "Kuda kwevadzivisi nevakwikwidzi kuita nhaurirano, kuvaka kuvimbana, uye kutsvaga madhinomineta akafanana - ndicho chaive musimboti weMweya weHelsinki. Ndiwo mweya werudzi irworwo urwo nyika yese, neUnited Nations, inoda nekukurumidza,” akadaro akati. "Ndine chokwadi chekuti kana tichitaura zvakanyanya nezveMweya weHelsinki, tinoswedera pedyo nekuimutsa zvakare - uye kuita kuti zviitike."

Ehe, yaive sarudzo yeRussia yekupinda muUkraine iyo yakadzinga Finland kusiya "Helsinki Spirit" ichifarira kubatana neNATO. Asi dai Finland yakaramba kumanikidzwa kuti ikurumidze kupinda munhengo yeNATO, yaigona kunge ichijoinha "Peace Club” iri kuumbwa neMutungamiriri weBrazil Lula kumutsiridza nhaurirano dzekupedza hondo muUkraine. Zvinosuruvarisa kuFinland nenyika, zvinoita sekunge Mweya weHelsinki uchafanira kuenda mberi-pasina Helsinki.

Medea Benjamin naNicolas JS Davies ndivo vanyori ve Hondo muUkraine: Kuita Sense yeKusawirirana Kusina Mufungo, rakabudiswa neOR Books muna Mbudzi 2022.

Medea Benjamin ndiye muvambi we CODEPINK Rugare, uye munyori wemabhuku akawanda, kusanganisira Mukati Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Nicolas JS Davies mutori wenhau akazvimirira, muongorori neCODEPINK uye munyori we Ropa pamaoko edu: IAmerican Invasion uye Kuparadza kweIraq.